Transcript Viruses
Infection Control UNIT-F Microorganisms or Microbes Small living organisms Not visible to the naked eye Microscope must be used to see them Found everywhere in the environment Found on and in the human body Many are part of normal flora of body May be beneficial Microorganisms This consist of any organism that can be seen with the aid of a microscope Also known as microbe Microbe Classifications Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses Pathogens • Also known as germs • Disease producing organism • At times, non-pathogens can become pathogenic when it is present in another body system. – Ex. E. Coli Non-Pathogens • Microorganisms that are part of the normal flora and are beneficial in maintaining certain body processes Bacteria Simple, one-celled organisms that multiply rapidly Some are beneficial and some cause disease Classified by shape and arrangement – Cocci- round or spherical in shape – Bacilli- rod-shaped – Spirilla- spiral or corkscrew in shape Flesh Eating Bacteria • Necrotising fasciitis (NF) • NF is a bacterial infection that attacks the soft tissue and the fascia which covers the muscles. NF can occur from minor trama but is usually related to surgery. • The NF Bacteria is commonly called strep type A. Protozoa One-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water May contain flagella, which allows better movement Some are pathogenic and cause disease – Ex. Malaria, amebic dysentery trichomonas, and African sleeping disease Fungi Simple, plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter. Yeast and molds are two common forms that can be pathogenic Cause diseases – Ex. Ring worm, athlete’s foot, thrush, histopasmosis, and yeast vaginitis Cannot be killed by antibiotics Fungus Cont. Antifungal medications are available for pathogenic fungi – Must be taken internally for long periods of time and may cause liver damage Athletes Foot Penicillium Ring Worm Rickettsiae Micro parasite that lives within an organism Commonly found in fleas, lice, ticks, and mites Transmitted to humans by the bites of these insects Rickettsiae Causes diseases – Ex. Typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever Antibiotics are effective against many different rickettsiae Viruses Lives on living cells Smallest microorganisms Visible only through electron microscope. Viruses Visible only through electron microscope Cannot reproduce unless they are inside another living cell Spread human to human by blood and other body secretions Viruses Difficult to kill because they are resistant to many disinfectants and are not affected by antibiotics Causes diseases Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Also known as Serum hepatitis Caused by HBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum, and other body secretions Affects the liver, leads to scarring or destruction of liver cells Life long infection Cirrhosis of liver Hepatitis C Caused by HCV virus Transmitted by blood and blood containing fluids Referred to as ‘silent epidemic’ Sometimes don’t experience symptoms for decades after infection No vaccination, unlike Hep B AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Caused by the HIV virus (Human immunodeficiency virus) Suppresses immune system Contracted by body fluids Endogenous Infection or disease originating within the body Include metabolic disorders, congenital abnormalities, tumors, and infections caused by microorganisms Exogenous • Infection or disease originating outside of the body • Include pathogenic organisms that invade body, radiation, chemical agents, trauma, electric shock, and temperature extremes Aerobic • Organisms that need oxygen to live. Escherichia coli Anaerobic • Lives without oxygen. • Facultative Bacteria Noscomial Pertaining to or originating in a health care facility such as a hospital Usually transmitted from health care worker to the patient Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus, pseudomonas, and enterococci Opportunistic Infections that occur when bodies immune systems are weak Do not usually occur within individuals with good immune systems – Ex. Kaposi’s sarcoma or neumocystis carinii Asepsis Being free from infection Any object or area that may contain pathogens is considered to be contaminated Aseptic techniques are directed toward maintaining cleanliness and eliminating or preventing contamination What is this??? What is this??? What is this??? Protozoa What is this???? What is this????