Transcript Chapter 16 Mental Health

Chapter 16
Mental Health
Health Care
Science
Technology
Copyright © The
Copyright
McGraw-Hill
© The
Companies,
McGraw-Hill
Inc.
Companies, Inc.
Objectives

Identify the roles and
responsibilities of personnel in
mental health care, including the
jobs and job responsibilities of
mental health aides and mental
health technicians.
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Objectives (cont.)
Compare the roles and
responsibilities of licensed mental
health care providers, including
psychologists, psychiatrists, social
workers, and counselors.
 Understand safety and legal issues
related to the use of restraints.
 Successfully complete 3 mental
health procedures.

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Careers in Mental Health 16-1
The Mental Health Aide
 The Mental Health Technician
 The Social Worker
 The Counselor
 The Psychologist
 The Psychiatrist

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The Mental Health Aide
Some employers require
certification. In general, a
2- or 4-year degree is not
required.
 May be employed in an
office, clinic, hospital,
group home, shelter
home, day workshop, or
client’s home.

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The Mental Health Aide (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ Must have great patience and enjoy
helping people.
◦ Must be able to communicate with
clients and other members of the health
care team.
◦ The best job opportunities are in
residential care facilities and private
social service agencies. Chapter 16
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The Mental Health Aide (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Assess clients’ needs.
Assist clients with finances.
Maintain case records.
Report progress to supervisors.
Provide emotional support to clients.
Resolve conflicts with other people.
Help clients with medical forms.
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The Mental Health Aide (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Organize and lead group activities.
◦ Assist clients who are in need of
counseling.
◦ Assist clients in finding community
resources.
◦ Talk with family members.
◦ Help clients to become involved in their
own care.
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The Mental Health Technician
Also known as a psychiatric
technician.
 Often has more formal education,
training, and responsibilities.
 Training may be on-the-job, in
vocational school, or in college.

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The Mental Health Technician (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ May work with the
developmentally
disabled.
◦ Can also work with
the intellectually
disabled and those
affected with cerebral
palsy, autism, or
behavioral disorders.
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The Mental Health Technician (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Depending on experience and place of
employment, the mental health technician
may:



Interview clients and their families and record
information.
Help develop and implement client treatment
plans.
Observe clients and report any significant
changes or developments to the professional
staff.
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The Mental Health Technician (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ The mental health technician may also:





Lead individual and group counseling sessions and
therapy activities.
Teach skills that help clients resolve problems that
affect their day-to-day life.
Check and record clients’ vital signs.
Assist supervisors in giving prescribed medication.
Provide nursing care.
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The Social Worker
Helps clients solve
personal and family
problems.
 May help resolve
abusive situations such
as spousal or child
abuse.

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The Social Worker (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ Helps clients find resources for their mental
and physical care.
◦ May make referrals to other health care
professionals.
◦ May work for a state, city, or private
organization.
◦ Often works in emotionally-charged
environments.
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The Social Worker (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Perform direct counseling.
◦ Assist clients in finding effective solutions and
community resources.
◦ Refer clients to specialists.
◦ Assist clients with eligibility requirements for
community services.
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The Social Worker (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Provide emotional support during crisis.
◦ Evaluate individuals in the criminal justice
system and perform presentencing
assessments.
◦ Make recommendations to courts
regarding clients.
◦ Arrange adoptions and foster homes.
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The Social Worker (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Investigate reports of abuse and neglect.
◦ Help clients cope with chronic, acute, or
terminal illness.
◦ Assess and diagnose student problems.
◦ Work in employee assistance programs.
◦ Develop social education programs.
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The Counselor



May work in many settings,
including schools or colleges,
rehabilitation programs,
industry, or vocational settings.
Nearly two-thirds have a
master’s degree.
Requirements for credentialing,
licensing, certification, and
registration vary from state to
state.
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The Counselor (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ School and college counselors work
with students and their families.
◦ Rehabilitation counselors work with
clients who may have social and/or
vocational disabilities.
◦ Mental health counselors may work
with clients dealing with addictions,
substance abuse, thoughts of suicide,
stress, and self-esteem problems.
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The Counselor (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Assess abilities and personality
characteristics.
◦ Develop plans to help clients achieve
goals.
◦ Interview clients.
◦ Meet with clients in counseling
sessions.
◦ Perform diagnostic tests.
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The Counselor (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Assist clients with common social and
behavioral problems.
◦ Offer drug and alcohol prevention
programs.
◦ Assist clients in anger management.
◦ Identify and intervene in abuse
situations.
◦ Help clients overcome the effects of
disabilities.
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The Counselor (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦
◦
◦
◦
Assist clients with addictions.
Work in suicide prevention programs.
Assist clients with stress management.
Help clients deal with problems of
self-esteem.
◦ Assist clients in dealing with mental
health problems.
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The Psychologist
Most work in clinical area;
others work in research.
 May also be consultants.

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The Psychologist (cont.)

Some specialize in fields such as:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Geropsychology.
Neuropsychology.
Counseling psychology.
School psychology.
Experimental psychology.
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The Psychologist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ Interview clients.
◦ Perform diagnostic testing.
◦ Provide individual, family, or group
psychotherapy.
◦ Assist clients with behavior modification.
◦ Work with doctors and other health care
providers on plans of care.
◦ Teach and research.
◦ Develop health promotion programs.
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The Psychologist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Carry out research on the brain and
behavior.
◦ Work with clients who have had strokes or
head injuries.
◦ Work with elderly clients.
◦ Assist people who are in crisis.
◦ Assess students’ behavioral problems.
◦ Assist teachers and parents in dealing with
children’s issues.
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The Psychologist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Work with clients who have substance
abuse problems.
◦ Work with students who have disabilities.
◦ Work with students who are gifted and
talented.
◦ Assess client’s interaction with others.
◦ Study group behavior.
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The Psychiatrist


A psychiatrist is a
physician who
specializes in mental
health.
It is common for a
doctor of osteopathic
medicine (DO) to
specialize in psychiatry.
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The Psychiatrist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities
◦ In many cases, the psychiatrist heads up
the mental health team.
◦ It can take from 11 to 16 years of
education and training to become a
psychiatrist.
◦ Psychiatrists must graduate from medical
school, pass a licensing examination, and
complete a residency. Each state has
established individual licensing laws.
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The Psychiatrist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Diagnose and treat mental illnesses.
Prescribe medications.
Administer treatments.
Examine clients.
Perform diagnostic tests and interpret
results.
◦ Obtain medical and mental health
histories.
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The Psychiatrist (cont.)

Job Responsibilities (cont.)
◦ Counsel clients on health care.
◦ Assist clients through personal
crises.
◦ Help clients develop plans for the
activities of daily living.
◦ Provide emergency mental and
physical health care.
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Mental Health Procedures 16-2




Physical Restraints
Chemical Restraints
Reality Orientation
Postmortem Care
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Physical Restraints


Must be ordered by a physician and
must never be used as punishment.
All other methods of ensuring the
client’s safety must be assessed and
eliminated prior to using restraints.
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Physical Restraints (cont.)

Safety Rules
◦ Use the right size and type of restraint.
◦ Check for client’s comfort after
applying restraint.
◦ Notify supervisor if circulation
problems are noticed.
◦ Loosen or take restraint off at least
every two hours.
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Physical Restraints (cont.)

Safety Rules (cont.)
◦ Never tie restraint to bed rail. Use quick
release. Keep scissors in a safe place for
an emergency.
◦ Never leave client unattended when
restraints are released.

Document all information about
restraints completely and accurately.
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Chemical Restraints



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Chemical restraints should not be used unless
the client presents a clear and present danger
that cannot be treated through other means.
A physician must prescribe the medication.
The 5 patient rights for medication must be
followed and reviewed 3 times.
Positively identify the client.
Make sure the client has taken all the
medication.
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Reality Orientation

TODAY IS:
Reality orientation
Monday, March 31
is helping the
THE WEATHER IS:
client to become
Sunny and Warm
aware of his or her
ACTIVITIES:
surroundings, the
Group Mtg. 2:00 pm
date and time, and
in dining room
other information
about his or her
present situation. An orientation board may be
posted in the client’s room.
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Postmortem Care
There are 5 stages of emotions that
dying clients and their caregivers may
go through.They are: denial, anger,
bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
 All clients have the right to a Do Not
Resuscitate (DNR) order.
 Postmortem care is provided to help
clients maintain their dignity and
appearance after death.

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