Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Drug Use Evaluations
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Transcript Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Drug Use Evaluations
Drug Use Evaluation
Judith Coombes- Senior pharmacist PAH,
conjoint lecturer UQ
Objectives
introduce quality cycle
DUE and evidence based medicine
DUE cycle
steps of DUE
Quality CYCLE
ACT
PLAN
CHECK
DO
DUE CYCLE
COLLECT
DATA
ACTION
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
EVALUATED
DATA
EVALUATE
DATA
CHECK =
AUDIT=
COLLECT DATA AND EVALUATE
What is a DUE programme?
really a quality assurance programme specific to medications
Promote QUM (via a partnership)
Judicious
appropriate
safe
effective -improve quality of life
Judicious
Appropriate
Safe
effective
acceptable to patient
(BARBER)
daily commitment of the pharmacist so what is different
QUM/Pharmaceutical care is patient orientated at the
individual level
‘achieving definite outcomes that
improve patients quality of life’ Hepler, Strand 1990
DUE is Drug/Disease orientated at the hospital (or even
country) wide level
Why have DUE?
Clinical benefits
Evidence based medicine
Educational benefits
Economic benefits
Clinical benefits
Evaluate outcome
nausea and vomiting-nausea diary
pain control-pain scales
incidence of DVT
reduce adverse effects
Thrombocytopenia with heparin
Reduce antibiotic resistance
Reduce risks of infection if IV route not needed
Evidence Based medicine
Clinical Expertise
Patient
Values
Decision
Best research evidence
Evidence Based Medicine
FIVE STEPS
Answerable question
best current evidence
validity, impact, applicability
integrate with clinical expertise
evaluate performance
Educational Benefits
Pharmacists collecting data improve clinical skills
Calculate PSI
Use pain scores
Junior Doctors
learn during data collection (dose, duration)
Consultants, Prescribers, Pharmacists, nurses, others involved
feedback-grand rounds, bulletins, prescribing guidelines, academic
detailing
Economic benefits
potential to identify efficiencies (often duration reduced)
potential to justify expenditure
step back to hospital costs rather than drug costs (EG Low
Molecular Weight Heparin)
identify outcome benefits
Who is involved in DUE?
DUE pharmacist/Post Grad/Project
QUM projects in 4th year
Clinical Pharmacists
The whole pharmacy department.
Prescribers/consultants
Nurses
Patients
Drug and Therapeutics committee
National Prescribing Service in Australia
Examples
Community Acquired Pneumonia in Australian Hospitals
(CAPTION)
Acute Post operative pain (APOP)
Deep Vein Thrombosis prophylaxis in hospital
Discharge Medication for Acute Coronary Syndrome
(DMACS)
DUE STEPS
(Australian Drug usage evaluation starter kit, The Society of Hospital
Pharmacists, Melbourne 1998)
1-make a start (who will support you)
2-identify drugs/areas of practice for review
(examples; Vancomycin, Community acquired pneumonia, Pain, DVT
prophylaxis)
3-critical literature evaluation (EBM)
4-define criteria
5-Data collection form
6-collect data
DUE CYCLE
COLLECT
DATA
ACTION
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
EVALUATED
DATA
EVALUATE
DATA
STEPS in DUE (starter kit)
7-evaluate
8-feedback evaluated data
9-Action
10-Assess results of repeat data collection
11-Report, Publish, Present
12-Monitor and re-evaluate regularly
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Feedback reported on Areas we could
build upon:
PSI calculation and documentation, 35% is a
good start but can be improved upon.
4/7 (57%) of class 1 and 2 patients
prescribed IV antibiotics unnecessarily. .
Baseline
Detailing and feedback
Re-audit
Detailing and feedback
Re-audit
Conference presentation
MJA article
Maxwell DJ, McIntosh KA, Pulver LK, Easton KL for the CAPTION Study
Group. Empiric management of community-acquired pneumonia in
Australian emergency departments. Medical Journal of Australia 2005;183:
520-524
INVOLVEMENT IN A NATIONAL
MULTICENTRE DUE –
An evaluation by APOP participating Queensland hospitals
Donna R Taylor, Lisa K Pulver, Susan E Tett, Judith A Coombes.
School of Pharmacy
University of Queensland
Background:
Results:
Key messages:
14 hospitals participated in the Queensland arm of
the national NPS-funded Acute Postoperative Pain
project (APOP).
Response rate of 100%,
Previous project participation informs accuracy of estimate of
resource allocation
Previous participation in a QI project*
Aware of time commitment *
(*Strong correlation)
Team approach most effective, least draining
Participants were invited to a state project wrap-up
meeting to facilitate project de-briefing.
Hard copy project manual used more than website
Support and accessibility of state project officer highly valued
NPS material highly regarded
Positive hospital impact at all sites
100% of participants reported positive personal outcomes
comprised equally of Pharmacy and Nursing
Time frame ‘about right’
100
Aim:
-
36%
36%
-
58%
PERCEIVED LEVEL of SUPPORT
90
80
To evaluate the experience of participants in a
national multi-centre DUE.
70
60
%
50
Conclusion:
40
Method:
Participating hospitals were requested to complete a
project evaluation questionnaire prior to the meeting,
for presentation on the day.
Project evaluation by the participants provided valuable project
de-briefing and useful management information for future national
multicentre projects.
30
20
10
0
Assistance
provided
Expected in
normal hours
Sufficient
hospital
support
Sufficient
information
provided
Support from
QLD
coordinator
The experience from all hospitals was very positive, and is
encouraging for future participation in planned national multi-site
DUEs.
Acknowledgements:
Materials
NPS Feedback useful/very useful
NPS Feedback used to
inform Academic Detailing
A customise
positivePower
impact
at the hospital Point presentation
• Quality
wrt specific
project
aims
of material - good or excellent
(pain
documentation, education, prescribing)Used
manual
• Used
on the
hospital dynamic
website
(collaboration/communication/teamwork)
A positive impact on the participant
The Queensland Team
•
•
•
•
Increased confidence
Increased project and people management skills
Satisfaction in effecting behaviour change
Satisfaction in collaboration
85%
-
100%
100%
92%
~50%
100%
86%
~50%
71%
-
100%
-
Our grateful thanks for the development of the evaluation tool to
the state-based DUE group in Victoria, and for the support
provided by NPS and all state-based DUE groups - NSW,
Tasmania, South Australia and Victoria.
And to the participating Qld hospitals for their significant efforts
and achievements in improving the quality of patient care –
Greenslopes Private, Ipswich, Logan, Nambour, Mater Mothers
Private, Mater Public, Princess Alexandra, Redcliffe, Caboolture,
Redland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s, Royal Darwin,
Toowoomba and Wesley Private Hospitals.
DUE CYCLE
COLLECT
DATA
ACTION
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
EVALUATED
DATA
EVALUATE
DATA
DUE Studies
NSAIDs in the community (GP and Pharmacist)
Antibiotics in Community acquired pneumonia
Vancomycin
Antiemetics in Chemotherapy
DVT Prophylaxis
UTI management
Secondary prevention post MI
Aspirin use as secondary prevention of MI in the community
Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Benzodiazepine use
National Prescribing Service DUEs/Audits
Limitations
methodology
levels of evidence, Cochrane Collaboration
Systematic review- level 1
RCT- level 2
cohort level 3 or 4
Ideal outcome impractical to measure
resources (time and personnel)-now breakthrough
method sometimes used
tip of the iceberg
incomplete/ not completable
Conclusion
DUE is for everyone
DUE is not research in its purest form BUT
DUE is a way of changing practice