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Unit-A
Apply Employability Skills
Personal Characteristics
• Empathy: Be able to identify with and understand another
person’s feelings, situation, and motives
• Honesty: Be truthful, show integrity, and be trustworthy
• Dependability: Accept responsibility and perform assigned
tasks on time and accurately
• Willingness to Learn: Be willing to learn and adapt to
changes
• Patience: Be tolerant and understanding, learn to control
your temper
• Acceptance of Criticism: Be willing to accept criticism and
learn from it
Personal Characteristics
• Enthusiasm: Enjoy your work and display a positive attitude
• Self-Motivation: The ability to begin or follow through with a
task without constant direction
• Tact: The ability to say or do the kindest or the most fitting thing
in a difficult situation
• Competence: Being qualified and capable of performing a task
• Responsibility: Being willing to be held accountable for you’re
actions
• Discretion: Using good judgment in what you say and do
* Each of these characteristics and attitudes must be practiced and
learned. Some take more time to develop than others.
Good Health
• Diet- Eating well-balanced meals and nutritious food
provides the body with the materials needed for optimum
health
• Rest- Sleep helps provide energy and the ability to deal
with stress
• Exercise- maintains circulation and improves muscle tone
• Good Posture- prevents fatigue and puts less stress on
muscles
• Avoid Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs- they all can
seriously affect good health
Nails
• Kept short and clean (if they are long and/or
pointed they could injure a pt.)
• They can transmit germs
• Must be clear polish
• Hand cream must be used to prevent the
hands from being chapped and dry from
hand washing
Hair
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NO!
Clean and Neat
Styled attractively and easy to care for
Avoid crazy hairstyles or hair ornaments
Long hair must be pinned up
YES!
Jewelry
• Avoid hoops or dangly earrings
• No facial Piercing
• Exceptions: watch, wedding ring, and small
pierced earrings
Never!!
Understandable
Shoes
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White Shoes
Should fit and provide good support
No tennis shoes or sandals
Cleaned daily
YES!
NO!!!
Makeup
• Avoid a lot of makeup
• Must be a natural appearance
Uniform
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Neat
Well fitting
NO WRINKLES
Clean
Job-keeping Skills
• Strive to achieve the qualities needed for employment
• Correct grammar is a must, both written and spoken word,
also correct spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure
• Report to work on the scheduled days and at the correct
time
• Be prepared to work once you get to work. Develop a good
work ethic
• Observe all legal and ethical responsibilities
• Follow the policies and procedures of your workplace
facility
Con’t…
• Be willing to learn new procedures and techniques
• Take the initiative; if you see a job that needs to be
done; do it
• Have a positive attitude and be willing to work with
others. Concentrate on the good aspects of a job and
the rewards it can provide
• Take the responsibility for your mistakes. If you
make a mistake, report it. Honesty is the best policy.
Make every effort to correct your mistakes
• Show a willingness to learn. Ask questions
Letter of Application
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Accompanies resume
Goal is to get an interview
Typewritten on good quality paper
MUST be neat, complete,correct format,correct
spelling, and grammar NO ERRORS
 Address it the correct individual
correct spelling of name
 Correct title
 No name? Address it to the “Personnel Director” or to the
department head
Contents
• Paragraph One
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Purpose for writing
Interest in position
If advertisement, name & date of publication
If referred, name & title of the referring person
Con’t…
• Paragraph Two
– Why you are qualified
– Why you want to work there
– Be brief, most information on resume
Con’t…
• Paragraph Three
– State “resume included”
– May reference features of resume that might
attract attention
• Final Paragraph
• Closure
• Your contact info. (phone # & times available)
• Thank You
Resume
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Thorough yet concise
Education, experience, abilities
Makes you appear qualified
Typed, attractive, and well organized
Good quality paper
Correct spelling and punctuation
Straight even margins
If copies, be sure they are clear and appealing in
appearance
• Format varies; fins a style that fits you. You can get
copies of different styles from your teacher or use the
examples given in DHO.
• One page sufficient
Parts of a Resume
• Personal Identification
• Employment objective, career goal
• Educational background, special courses if they
support job position
• Employment experience, could include volunteer
experience
• Skills
• Other activities
• references
Resume Points to Consider
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Honesty the best policy
A or B average – include it…if lower, don’t!
Select format that fits your information
Look at sample resumes
Be sure envelope is typed and addressed
correctly
Job Application
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Fill out each item correctly and neatly
DO NOT LEAVE BLANKS
Put “NA”
Take your time
Have all required information
Read before you fill out the form
Make sure info. is correct and true
Preparing for Job Interview
• Bring SS card, and/or resume
• Research the company/job so you’ll show knowledge
of the position you seek
• Be sure you know the date and time of the interview,
and the person’s name with whom you will interview
• Dress appropriately! A dark suit is usually a good idea
• Wear conservative makeup, hair,nails
• Be sure your teeth are clean, and wear antiperspirant
• Arrive 10-15 minutes early
Job Interview
• Greet Interviewer by name, smile, introduce yourself,firm
handshake
• Use correct grammar
• Speak slowly and clearly, Don’t mumble
• Be polite
• Maintain eye contact
• Answer questions thoroughly
• Do NOT smoke, Chew gum, or eat anything
• Sit up straight
• Smile, do not giggle
• Be yourself
• Listen carefully to the interviewer and be sure you answer the
questions asked, don’t interrupt
• Never discuss personal problems or finances
• Don’t criticize former employers
Continued..
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Answer questions truthfully
Think before you respond
Brag about yourself a little
Don’t immediately ask about salary or benefits
You should ask about the job responsibilities, career
opportunities
• Don’t expect to know about the job at the end of the
interview
• At the end, thank the interviewer and shake hands
• Send a thank-you note, indicating your continued
interest in the job
Common Interview Questions
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Why do you want to work here?
What makes you think you can do this job?
What work experience have you had?
Why did you leave?
What are you career goals?
What do you plan to be doing 5 years from now?
What salary do you expect?
Why should we hire you?
Parts of the Communication Model
• Sender – person who begins the process of
creating a message or material to be
communicated
• Message – material to be communicated
• Receiver – Person for whom the message is
intended; interprets the meaning of the message
• Feedback – the receiver’s way of insuring that the
message that is understood is the same as the
message that was sent; takes place after the
receiver has interpreted the message
Factors that Influence
Communication
1. The message must be clear and concise. It must
be in terms that the sender and the receiver can
understand.
2. Delivery of the message must be concise, using
good grammar and correct pronunciation. A
moderate tone and pitch with good inflections
avoiding a monotone. Speed of delivery is also
important.
3. Written communications should contain good
grammar and punctuation, correct spelling, and
be as concise as possible.
Continued
4. Receiver must be able to hear or receive the
message.
a.
Very weak patients or those under the influence of
heavy medications may not hear the message or
interpret and understand the message
b. Patients with hearing or visual impairments and those
with limited English speaking skills may not receive
the messages
c. Clarifying and changing the form of a message can
allow the receiver to respond
Continued
5. The receiver must be able to understand the
message. Using unfamiliar terminology as well
as attitudes and prejudices of the receiver and
sender can interfere with understanding.
6. Confidence in the receiver is very important
7. Interruptions or distractions can interfere with
communication. Loud noises, poor lightening,
and uncomfortable room temperature can
interrupt communication.
Good Listening Skills
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Give full attention to the person who is speaking
Eliminate distractions
Make direct eye contact
Indicate your interest. Lean into the speaker. Use
phrases such as, “Uh-huh,” “I understand,” and
“I see”
5. Do not interrupt. Wait your turn.
6. Listen to feelings and gestures as well as words.
7. Try to get the general idea of what someone is
saying.
Good Listening Skills
8. Do not shift attention from the other person to
yourself.
9. Do not decide too early that the subject matter is
too hard, too easy, or too upsetting.
10. Ask questions for clarification
11. Avoid making judgments
12. Do not spend too much time thinking about what
you are going to say
13. Repeat the idea back to the speaker
14. Summarize; recap the highlights
Barriers to Communication
• Communication barrier – anything that gets in the
way of clear communication
• Three Common Causes:
– Physical disabilities
– Psychological attitudes and prejudice
– Cultural diversity
• Physical Disabilities may include:
– Deafness or hearing loss
– Blindness or impaired vision
– Aphasia or speech disabilities
Continued
• To improve communication with the
Hearing impaired
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Use body language such as gestures and signs
Speak clearly in short sentences
Face the individual to facilitate lip reading
Write messages of necessary
Make sure hearing aids are working properly
Continued
• To improve communication with the
visually impaired
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Use a soft tone of voice
Describe events that are occurring
Announce your presence when entering a room
Explain sounds or noises
Use touch when appropriate
Continued
• What about someone with aphasia or speech impairments?
– They have difficulty remembering the correct words, may
not be able to pronounce certain words, and may have
slurred speech
– The health care worker must be patient
– Allow them to try and speak
– Encourage them to take their time
– Repeat message to assure accuracy
– Encourage them to use gestures or point to objects
– Provide pen and paper if they can write
– Use pictures with key messages to communicate
Psychological Barriers
• Caused by:
– Prejudice
– Attitudes
– Personality
• Stereotypes such as “dumb blonde” or “fat
slob” cause us to make snap judgments
about others that affect the communication
process.
Continued
• What other stereotypes can affect
communications?
– Health care workers must learn to put prejudice
aside and show respect for all individuals. Is
that possible?
• Do ALL patients have the right to quality health
care?
• Health care workers should:
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Allow patients to express their fears or anger
Encourage them to talk about their feelings
Avoid arguing
Remain calm
Talk in a non-threatening tone of voice
Provide quality care
Cultural Barriers
• Deal with values, beliefs, attitudes and customs
– Each cultural group has beliefs and practices
regarding health and illness
– Some cultures believe the body needs balance-if
the body is cold, they eat hot foods
– Some cultures believe illness is due to demons and
evil sprits
– Some cultures believe health is a reward from God,
and illness is a punishment from God
Continued
• Cultural beliefs must be respected
• Patients may practice their cultural remedies
in addition to modern healthcare techniques
• Cultural diversity may interfere with
communication in other ways:
• Language differences – people who don’t
speak English may have a difficult time
communicating. You Should:
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Speak slowly
Use nonverbal communication (smile)
Avoid tendency to speak louder
Find an interpreter
Eye contact – in some cultures, it’s not acceptable, and looking
down is a sign of respect
Terminal illness – in some cultures, the patient is NOT told
his/her prognosis, and family members are responsible for
making care decisions
Touch – in some cultures, it’s wrong to touch someone on the
head
Personal care – only family members provide personal care
Respect and acceptance of cultural diversity is essential for any
health care worker.
Teamwork Model
Physician
Registered
Nurse
Speech
Therapist
Respiratory
Therapist
Medical Social
Worker
Patient/Client
Clinical Care
Associate
Occupational
Therapist
Physical
Therapist
Clergy
Teamwork
• The Foundation of teamwork: The Five Cs
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Collaboration
Cooperation
Contribution
Communication
Commitment
• Teams collaborate on the strategies and role
responsibilities needed to achieve their goals. Members
cooperate with one another by contributing their best
efforts to accomplish the team’s goals. Finally, they make a
commitment to help one another meet the goals. It is
respect that builds a team among people that work
together.