Transcript Chapter 1 - Horizon Medical Institute

CHAPTER
MEDICAL
ASSISTING
ADMINISTRATIVE AND CLINICAL
COMPETENCIES
6
TH
Lucille Keir
Barbara Wise
Connie Krebs
Cathy Kelley-Arney
Edition
CHAPTER
1
Health Care Providers
UNIT
1
A Brief History of
Medicine
1-3
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Ancient History Highlights



Eighty percent of the population died by
age 30 from hunting accidents or illness.
Infectious diseases began to spread as
people began settling in communities.
Ancient civilizations thought that disease
was caused by evil spirits and demons.
1-4
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Ancient Treatments



Treatments were performed primarily by
priests or medicine men.
Treatments included rituals such as
trephining and casting spells.
One-third of these ancient medicinal
plants are still used in pharmacies today.
1-5
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Ancient Cultures and Treatments



Egyptians used bloodletting and leeches.
Hindus used drugs, including anesthesia.
The Chinese used herbs and
acupuncture.
1-6
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Greeks and the Development of Medicine


The Greeks used massage, bathing, and
exercise to treat patients.
The Greeks also used large, yellow,
nonpoisonous snakes to lick wounds
before a salve was applied.
1-7
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Caduceus Is Born




The caduceus is accepted as the
universal symbol of medical practices.
The design is based on the use of
snakes by the Greek god of healing,
Aesculapius.
Early designs included a single snake
wrapped around the staff of Aesculapius.
Modern designs shows two snakes
coiled around a winged staff.
1-8
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Hippocrates



The father of modern medicine
A Greek scientist who taught that illness
was based in natural causes
Advocated observation of the patient’s
environment, home, and place of work as
part of the treatment
1-9
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Written Studies Promote Growth of
Medical Practices


Aristotle combined studies in medicine,
biology, botany, and anatomy to advance
understanding and treatment.
Claudius Galen wrote over 500 books
before he died in 199 AD. These books
were accepted for 1,300 years before
they were proven invalid because Galen
ignored the process of observation.
1 - 10
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Romans Introduce Sanitation



Romans drained marshes that promoted
malaria.
Romans built sewer systems and
aqueducts to control waste and provide
fresh water supplies.
Romans passed laws to maintain public
health and to clean the streets.
1 - 11
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Modern Medical Pioneers


1 - 12
1578: William Harvey observed blood
flow and taught that the blood passes
through the lungs to be purified.
1661, Malpighi and van Leeuwenhoek:
Malpighi observed capillaries through
early microscopes designed and built by
van Leeuwenhoek.
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Modern Medical Pioneers
1 - 13
Jenner
Gave the first vaccination
Pasteur
Pasteurization; vaccine for rabies
Lister
Foundation of medical asepsis
Roentgen
Discovered x-rays
Reed
Linked mosquitoes with the spread of
yellow fever
Barton
Established the Red Cross
Blackwell
First woman physician
Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Modern Medical Pioneers
Curie
Papanicolaou
Domagk
Discovered radium; led to use of radium
in the treatment of cancer
The Pap test
Banting
Discovered Prontosil; led to cure of coccal
infections
Discovered and isolated insulin
Fleming
Work was foundation for penicillin
Salk
Vaccine for polio
DeBakey
Replaced arteries with tubing
1 - 14
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Modern Medicine

Replacement parts



Electronic clothing



Stem cells
Deoxyribonucleic acid
New technology

1 - 15
Vest to track 30 physiologic signs
Controversial discoveries


Pacemaker
Artificial heart and valves

Capsule “cameras”
Artificial organs
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of Government
on Health Care




Funding
Grants
Regulations
Legislation


Medicare and Medicaid
Agencies


Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
1 - 16
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Unit Summary


Who is considered the father of
medicine?
List three pioneers of modern medicine
and their contributions.
1 - 17
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
UNIT
2
The Total Health Care
Team
1 - 18
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Allied Health Professionals

Work in a variety of settings






Hospitals
Laboratories
Provider offices
Pharmacies
Extended care facilities
Home health agencies
1 - 19
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Admission clerk


Certified ophthalmic technician


Performs ophthalmic tests and procedures
Certified nurse assistant

1 - 20
Obtains basic health history from patients
upon hospital admission
Performs basic nursing skills and patient
care
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Cytologist


Dental assistant


Aids the dentist in general tasks, including
chair side assistance, clerical support, and
radiography lab work
Dental hygienist

1 - 21
Lab technician that specializes in the
formation, structure, and function of cells
Provides dental services
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Electrocardiogram technician


Emergency medical technician


Specializes in emergency care and
transportation to a medical center
Histologist

1 - 22
Performs electrocardiograms (ECGs) in
clinics or hospitals
Medical scientist that deals with microscopic
identification of cells and tissues
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Lab technician


Medical assistant

1 - 23
Performs specialized chemical, microscopic,
and bacteriologic tests of blood, tissue, and
bodily fluids under a pathologist or other
physician
Performs a wide range of administrative and
clinical skills in patient care and office
operations; works under the direction of a
physician in a variety of settings
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Multiskilled health care assistant


Nurses




1 - 24
Performs a variety of roles in the area of
patient care; duties and titles vary by
location
Registered nurses
Nurse midwife
Nurse practitioner
Practical nurse
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Nutritionist


Occupational therapist


Evaluates and treats those limited by
physical injury or illness
Occupational therapy assistant

1 - 25
Studies and applies the science of nutrition;
dieticians have specialized training
Assists patients in learning self-care,
functional duties, and recreational activities
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Office manager


Paramedic


Performs emergency medical procedures
and supportive health care tasks
Pharmacist

1 - 26
Uses managerial skills in the business
operations of the medical office, clinic, or
hospital
Specializes in formulating and dispensing
medications
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Pharmacy technician


Phlebotomist


Draws blood for lab testing
Physical therapist

1 - 27
Assists pharmacists in preparing
medications and may administer
medications
Assists in examination, testing, and
treatment of physically disabled persons and
patients going through physical rehabilitation
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Physician assistant


Radiology technician, x-ray technician

1 - 28
Trained by physicians and practice under
direct supervision of physicians
Operates radiologic equipment and assists
radiologists and other health professionals
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Allied Health Care
Professionals

Respiratory therapy technician


Performs procedures to maintain or improve
the ventilatory function of the respiratory
tract
Unit clerk

Performs routine clerical and reception tasks
in a patient care unit of a hospital
1 - 29
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Physician Specialties








1 - 30
Allergy
Anesthesiology
Cardiology
Dermatology
Endocrinology
Family practice
Gastroenterology
Geriatrics








Gynecology
Hematology
Infertility
Internal medicine
Nephrology
Neurology
Nuclear medicine
Obstetrics
(continued)
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Physician Specialties








Occupational
medicine
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Otorhinolaryngology
Pathology
Pediatrics
Physical medicine








Plastic surgery
Psychiatry
Pulmonary
specialties
Radiology
Sports medicine
Surgery
Trauma medicine
Urology
1 - 31
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Nonphysician Specialties





Chiropractic
Dentistry
Optometry
Podiatry
Psychology
1 - 32
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Four Types of Medical Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hospital-based
Sole proprietorship
Partnership
Group practice
1 - 33
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Unit Summary


How would you respond to the statement
that chiropractors and podiatrists are not
really doctors?
What is a sole proprietorship practice?
1 - 34
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Keys to Career Success


Medical assistants are versatile health
care workers, and it is reasonable to
seek employment in any of the fields
mentioned in this chapter.
Once trained as a medical assistant, you
can easily adapt to a specialty practice
with additional training.
1 - 35
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
Hot Links to Career Success

www.abms.org


American Board of Medical Specialties
www.who.int

World Health Organization
1 - 36
Copyright © 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.