Transcript Mood disoders

The nurse as manager of care
and member of the discipline in
working with patients with
altered mood states
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1.Definition of mood disorders
2.Ethiology and statistic of mood disorders
3.Mood disorders types
4. Who is affected by mood disorders?
5. What are the symptoms of mood
disorders?
6. Treatment of mood disorders
7. Prevention of mood disorders
Definition
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Mood is the way a person feels inside,
the experience of emotion, sustained
and predominant internal emotional
experience. A mood disorder is
characterized by a disturbance in this
mood.
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Almost 44 million Americans experience
some type of mental disorder. In fact,
mental illnesses are among the most
common conditions affecting health
today.Researchers believe most serious
mental illnesses are caused by complex
imbalances in the brain's chemical
activity. They also believe
environmental factors can play a part in
triggering, or cushioning against, the
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Most mental illnesses can be treated.
People who have mental illnesses, even
serious ones, can lead productive lives
with proper treatment. Mood disorders
are one form of serious mental illness.
Mood Disorders Types
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Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise
Specified ( NOS )
Cyclothymic Disorder.
Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise
Specified ( NOS )
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Depression ( General Overview )
Dysthymic Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical
Condition
Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
( NOS )
Substance-Induced Mood Disorder
What causes mood
disorders?
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What causes mood disorders is not
well known. There are chemicals in
the brain, called endorphins, that
are responsible for positive moods.
Other chemicals in the brain,
called neurotransmitters, regulate
endorphins.
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Most likely, depression (and other
mood disorders) is caused by a
chemical imbalance in the brain.
Life events (such as unwanted
changes in life) may also
contribute to a depressed mood.
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Affective disorders aggregate in families
and are considered to be multifactorially
inherited. Multifactorial inheritance
means that "many factors" are involved.
The factors are usually both genetic and
environmental, where a combination of
genes from both parents, in addition to
unknown environmental factors,
produce the trait or condition.
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Often one gender (either males or
females) is affected more
frequently than the other in
multifactorial traits. There appears
to be a different threshold of
expression, which means that one
gender is more likely to show the
problem, over the other gender.
Who is affected by mood
disorders?
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Anyone can feel sad or depressed at
times. However, mood disorders are
more intense and difficult to manage
than normal feelings of sadness.
Children, adolescents, or adults who
have a parent with a mood disorder
have a greater chance of also having a
mood disorder. However, life events and
stress can expose or exaggerate
feelings of sadness or depression,
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Sometimes, life's problems can
trigger depression. Being fired
from a job, getting divorced, losing
a loved one, death in the family,
and financial trouble, to name a
few, all can be difficult and coping
with the pressure may be
troublesome.
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These life events and stress can
bring on feelings of sadness or
depression or make a mood
disorder harder to manage.
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The chance for depression in
females in the general population
is nearly twice as high (12
percent) as it is for males (6.6
percent). Once a person in the
family has this diagnosis, the
chance for their siblings or children
to have the same diagnosis is
increased.
What are the different
types of mood disorders?
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major depression - a two-week
period of a depressed or irritable mood or
a noticeable decrease in interest or
pleasure in usual activities, along with
other signs of a mood disorder.
 dysthymia (dysthymic
disorder) - a chronic, low-grade,
depressed or irritable mood for at
least one year.
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 manic depression (bipolar
disorder) - at least one episode of
a depressed or irritable mood and
at least one period of a manic
(persistently elevated) mood.
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 mood disorder due to a
general medical condition many medical illnesses (including
cancer, injuries, infections, and
chronic medical illnesses) can
trigger symptoms of depression.
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substance induced mood
disorder - symptoms of
depression that are due to the
effects of medication, drug abuse,
exposure to toxins, or other forms
of treatment
What are the symptoms of
mood disorders?
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Depending upon age and the type
of mood disorder present, a person
may exhibit different symptoms of
depression. The following are the
most common symptoms of a
mood disorder. However, each
individual may experience
symptoms differently.
Symptoms may include:
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persistent feelings of sadness
feeling hopeless or helpless
having low self-esteem
feeling inadequate
excessive guilt
feelings of wanting to die
 loss of interest in usual
activities or activities once enjoyed
  difficulty with relationships
  sleep disturbances (i.e.,
insomnia, hypersomnia)
  changes in appetite or weight
  decreased energy
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 difficulty concentrating
  a decrease in the ability to
make decisions
  suicidal thoughts or attempts
  frequent physical complaints
(i.e., headache, stomach ache,
fatigue)
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 running away or threats of
running away from home
  hypersensitivity to failure or
rejection
 irritability, hostility, aggression
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Treatment for mood
disorders:
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Specific treatment for mood
disorders will be determined by
your physician based on:
 your age, overall health, and
medical history
  extent of the condition
  type of mood disorder
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 your tolerance for specific
medications, procedures, or
therapies
  expectations for the course of
the condition
  your opinion or preference
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. Treatment may include one,
or more, of the following:
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 antidepressant medications
 psychotherapy
  family therapy
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Antidepressant
medications
heterocyclic antidepressants (HCAs),
like amitriptyline (Elavil)
 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRI inhibitors), like fluoxetine
(Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft)
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monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI
inhibitors), like phenelzine sulfate
(Nardil) and tranylcypromine sulfate
(Parnate)
 mood stabilizers, like lithium carbonate
(Eskalith) and valproate, often used in
people with bipolar mood disorders
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Psychotherapy
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy explores
how the patient's view of the world may
be affecting his or her mood and
outlook
Electroconvulsive therapy
(ECT)
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is used at a hight risk of suecide. ECT
is believed to affect neurotransmitters
like the medications do. Patients are
anesthetized and given muscle
relaxants to minimize discomfort. Then
low-level electric current is passed
through the brain to cause a brief
convulsion. The most common side
effect of ECT is mild, short-term
memory loss.
Alternative treatment
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There are many alternative therapies
that may help in the treatment of mood
disorders, including acupuncture,
botanical medicine, homeopathy,
aromatherapy, constitutional
hydrotherapy, and light therapy. The
therapy used is an individual choice.
Short-term clinical studies have shown
that the herb St. John's wort
Prevention of mood
disorders:
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Preventive measures to reduce the
incidence of mood disorders are not
known at this time. However, early
detection and intervention can reduce
the severity of symptoms, enhance the
individual's normal growth and
development, and improve the quality
of life experienced by persons with
mood disorders.
Conclusions:
1.Mood disorders- the disorders,which
are characterized by a disturbance in
mood.
 2.Ethiology includes:chemical imbalanse
in brain and risk factors
 3.Mood disorders types
 4.Everyone can be affected by mood
disorders
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5.Main symptoms of mood disorders:
 persistent feelings of sadness
 feeling hopeless or helpless
 having low self-esteem
 feeling inadequate
 excessive guilt
 feelings of wanting to die,so on
6. Treatment of mood disorders
7. Prevention of mood disorde
Conclusions
6. Treatment of mood disorders
include: 1.antidepressant
medications;2.psychotherapy;
 3.family therapy.
 7. Prevention of mood disorde
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