University of Kansas Medical Center
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Transcript University of Kansas Medical Center
Atypical Presentation of
Scedosporium Pneumonia
Gabriel Johnson, DO
Leslie Spikes, MD
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, KS
Introduction
Provide a brief overview of scedosporium
epidemiology
Present an unusual case of a life-threatening
Scedosporium infection in a patient without
typical risk factors for fungemia
Identify diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Scedosporium Infections in Humans
Localized infections:
Bronchiectatic lungs
Mycetomas
Disseminated infections:
Transplant wards
Up to 10% of cystic fibrosis patients colonized
in transplant wards
Near drowning events
Rarely in the immuno-competent
Cortez et. Al. Infections Caused by Scedosporium spp.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008 January; 21(1): 157–197.
Complication of organ transplant
Study of 80 cases of scedosporium infection in
transplant patients at 5 academic institutions
23 hematopoietic stem cell transplants
57 solid organ transplants
Disseminated infection
2 noncontiguous organs or + blood culture
69% of HSCT with scedosporium
53% of SOT with scedosporium
Husein et. al. Infections due to Scedosporium in Transplant Recipients:
Clinical Characteristics. Clinical Infectious Disease 2005 Jan 1;40
Scedosporium - overview
Ubiquitous white mold
Tolerates aerobic and anaerobic conditions and
wide range of temperature and osmolarity
Transmission
Direct inoculation (mycetoma)
Inhalation of airborne particles
Williamson et. al. Genetic Epidemiogy of Scedosporium in Patients with
Chronic Lung Disease. J Clin Microbiol. 2001 January; 39(1): 47–50.
Species
Scedosporium apiospermum
Typically sensitive to multi-agent antifungal
therapy
Voriconazole associated with survival
improvement over amphotericin
Scedosporium prolificans
Treatment generally requires immunosuppression
reversal and surgical intervention.
Cortez et. Al. Infections Caused by Scedosporium spp.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008 January; 21(1): 157–197.
American Society for Microbiology: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Infection sites 2000-2007
Lungs
Sinuses
Bone/joint
Eyes
Hands
Feet
CNS
Blood
Abdomen
59%
36%
8%
7%
4%
4%
3%
3%
2%
Cortez et. Al. Infections Caused by Scedosporium spp.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008 January; 21(1): 157–197.
Case Report
A 72 year old woman presented to ER
3 months of progressive hemoptysis
Diffuse pulmonary nodules on recent imaging
5 days of fever, chills, and myalgias
Past Medical History
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Diagnosed 2 years prior
Likely secondary to chronic pulmonary emboli
On continuous infusion intravenous treprostinil
On warfarin for chronic thromboemboli
Breast cancer
Right mastectomy and radiation 8 years prior
No history of atypical or recurrent infections
Recent Medical History
CT guided needle biopsy of pulmonary nodule
had been performed 3 weeks prior
Histology: necrotic tissue, peribronchial fibrosis
and chronic inflammatory changes without
granulomas
Gram stain/culture: no bacterial or fungal growth
Cytology: no malignant cells
Social History
Independently performs activities of daily living
25 pack years but quit 2 years prior
No occupational or environmental exposures
Physical Exam
T 36.7 BP 121/70 P 99 R 24 Pulse ox: 95% on room air
HEENT – Unremarkable
Chest – right sided indwelling Hickman catheter
Heart – Unremarkable
Lungs Diminished breath sounds bilaterally, no rales,
rhonchi, or wheezing
Abdomen: Unremarkable
Extremities/Skin: Unremarkable
Laboratory Data
Fungitell: 257 (41 previously) [Normal < 40]
Blood Culture: Scedosporium elements
The following were negative
Histoplasma Ab HIV screen
WBC
Hgb
12.9
12.3
Galactomannan
Aspergillus Ab
ANA
CMV, EBV pcr
RVP
Hep A,B,C
Plt
Neut
INR
239
80%
3.4
Scl70
Anti-dsDNA
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
3 weeks prior
Hospital Course
Sudden hemoptysis of 600 ml frank blood
Resolved with reversal of anticoagulation
Bronchoscopy with lavage performed
Hemorrhagic fluid with negative cultures
Repeat CT guided biopsy of left lobe nodule
Pathologic findings unchanged and unremarkable
Hickman catheter removed
No fungal or bacterial growth on tip culture
Hospital Course
Amphotericin and voriconazole initiated
Repeat CT 2 weeks later showed progression
Patient requested to discontinue all IV medications
and go home with home health care
Oral voriconazole and terbinafine
Oral sildenafil
New 2 L oxygen requirement
Speciation and Sensitivity
Speciation: Scedosporium Apiospermum
Sensitivity testing:
Amphotericin
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Voriconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
R
R
S
S
S
S
Resolution
Patient’s hypoxia improved and she was able to
titrate off oxygen
No recurrence of fever or hemoptysis
She completed 6 months of antifungal therapy
with voriconazole and terbinafine
Radiographic regression
4 months later
Case Summary
Atypical presentation of a rare fungal pathogen
Diagnostic difficulties
Voriconazole as preferred agent
Questioning her risk factors
Acknowledgments
Dr. Leslie Spikes
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Kansas Medical Center
European Society for
Imunodeficiencies
Unusual infections or unusually
severe course of infections
T lymphocyte deficiency
WAS
STAT1 deficiency
Hypermorphic mutations in IκBα
X–linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
DeVries et.al. Clinical & Experimental Immunology vol. 145, iss. 2.
pages 204–214, August 2006