Transcript File

DO NOW
• WHAT ARE SOME POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE INFLUENCES THAT DRUGS
HAVE ON PEOPLE?
4/7/2016
Unit III: War on Drugs
The War on Drugs
TIP
Don’t use drugs!
Section 1: Drug use and its
affects on society
4/7/2016
What is a drug?
1. Drug (Positive
view):
4/7/2016
• 1. a substance
used by itself or
in a mixture in
the treatment or
diagnosis of
disease.
Meaning of the word (f) of who is asked
Positive view:
Webster’s Dictionary “a substance used by
itself or in a mixture in the treatment or
diagnosis of disease
.”
• 2. Drugs are used
to:
4/7/2016
– 2. fight infection;
– reverse a disease
process;
– relieve symptoms
of illness;
– restore normal
functioning of
human organs;
– aid in diagnosing
sickness …
– maintain health.
What is a drug?
• Neutral view:
• “any substance that causes or creates
significant psychological and/or
physiological changes in the body”
• “any absorbed substance that changes
or enhances any physical or
psychological function in the body”
• Coffee in the morning?
• Tea in the afternoon?
• Cigarettes when drinking at a bar?
4/7/2016
Neutral View of Drugs: (Write
down these three examples)
Coffee in the morning?
Tea in the afternoon?
Cigarettes when drinking at a bar?
• 3. neutral view • 3. “any substance
that causes or creates
significant
psychological and/or
physiological changes
in the body”
4/7/2016
– Ex: coffee, tea,
cigarettes
What is a drug?
• Negative view:
• “something (and often an illegal
substance) that causes addiction,
habituation, or a marked change in
consciousness”
• This is the focus of our war on drugs
• against illegal forms of drug use and the
activities which permit it (manufacturing,
growing, distributing, selling, possessing)
4/7/2016
What is a drug?
• 4. Drug (Negative • 4. “something (and
View)
often an illegal
substance) that
causes addiction,
habituation, or a
marked change in
consciousness”
4/7/2016
WAR ON DRUGS: THE FOCUS
• 5. focus of war on • 5. against illegal forms
drugs
of drug use and the
activities which permit
it (manufacturing,
growing, distributing,
selling, possessing)
4/7/2016
What do drugs do?
• All drugs, whether legal or illegal affect the
brain by interacting with naturally
occurring brain chemicals known as
neurotransmitters
• This alters people’s behavior.
• Every drug (including a legal drug such as
aspirin) is potentially harmful.
4/7/2016
What do drugs do?
All drugs, whether legal or illegal affect the
brain by interacting with naturally occurring
brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters
• 6. impact of drugs • 6. affect the brain
by interacting with
naturally occurring
brain chemicals
known as
neurotransmitters
•
4/7/2016
Effects of drugs (write down four
of these factors)
• The Factors on how a drug effects people Effects of
any drug depend on:
• type of drug used
• amount of drug used
• drug potency
• method of ingestion
• frequency of use (tolerance)
• setting of ingestion
• mood of the user
• biological & psychological make-up of user (e.g.,
genetics,
brain chemistry)
4/7/2016
Is Drug Use normal? (Write down
(4 Examples)
• How do people use
(legal) drugs?
• “Happy Hour”
• Parties with friends
• “Pick up” girls/guys
• Relieve boredom
• Alter your mood
• Inspire creativity
• Medicinal purposes
• Religious
purposes
4/7/2016
• (adaptive)
Drug use vs. Abuse:
Drug abuse costs the
U.S. economy more than $180 billion a year.
• 7. drug abuse
• 7. is a higher degree of
consumption of drugs …
suggests some problem level
of use, or “overuse.”
• 8. effects of drug• 8. is drug use that results in
social, economic, psychological
abuse
or legal problems for the drug
user
4/7/2016
• Costs U.S. economy more than
$180 billion a year
DO NOW
• WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF DRUG USE
WHETHER IT BE LEGAL OR ILLEGAL? EXPLAIN
THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE? PROVIDE
AN EXAMPLE OF AN EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE.
4/7/2016
Effects of drug abuse on the
brain.
4/7/2016
Drug use vs. Abuse
• 9. drug use
4/7/2016
• 9. is ANY consumption of a
drug (i.e., recreational or
occasional; medical use)
Drug Use v. Abuse
• Drug use is ANY consumption of a drug (i.e.
recreational or occasional use)
• Drug abuse is a higher degree of
consumption of drugs … suggests some
problem level of use, or “overuse.”
• Drug abuse is drug use that results in social
economic, psychological or legal problems
for the drug user
• (maladaptive)
4/7/2016
Is Drug Use normal?
• Weil (1998: 4) “The use of drugs to alter
consciousness is nothing new. It has been a
feature of human life in all places on the earth
and in all ages of history” … as innate as
hunger and sex.
• Hamid (1998: vii) “The human use of
psychoactive drugs is both primordial and
nearly universal. In almost every human
culture in every age of history, the use of one
or more psychoactive drugs was featured
prominently in the contexts of religion, ritual,
health
care,
divination,
celebration
(including
the4/7/2016
arts, music, and theater), recreation, and
cuisine.”
Drug Use v. Abuse
• Oh yeah, and then there are college students
…
4/7/2016
Outcomes of Drug Abuse
• Physical dependence – growing tolerance of a
drug’s effects so that increased amounts of the drug
necessitate the continued presence of the drug in
order to prevent withdrawal symptoms
• Psychological dependence – craving for or
compulsive need to use drugs because they provide
the user with a feeling of well-being and satisfaction
• Tolerance – continued regular use of a drug
leading to progressively larger doses to attain the
desired effect, thereby reinforcing the compulsive
behavior known as drug dependence
• Withdrawal – physical reaction of bodily functions
that, when a body is deprived of an addictive drug,
causes increased excitability of the bodily functions
that have been depressed by the drug’s habitual use
4/7/2016
OUTCOMES OF DRUG ABUSE
• 10. physical
dependence
4/7/2016
• 10. the body’s growing
tolerance of a drug’s effects
so that increased amounts
of the drug necessitate the
continued presence of the
drug in order to prevent
withdrawal symptoms
OUTCOMES OF DRUG ABUSE
• 11. psychological
dependence
4/7/2016
• 11. craving for or
compulsive need to
use drugs because
they provide the
user with a mental
feeling of wellbeing and
satisfaction
War on Drugs: Short video
clip
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vide
o/player/
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vide
o/player/
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vide
o/player/
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHAT IS A NEUTRAL VIEW OF HOW
DRUGS ARE USED? GIVE AN EXAMPLE
OF A NEUTRAL VIEW.
4/7/2016
Outcomes of Drug Abuse
• 12. tolerance
4/7/2016
• 12. continued regular
use of a drug leading to
progressively larger
doses to attain the
desired effect, thereby
reinforcing the
compulsive behavior
known as drug
dependence
Outcomes of Drug Abuse
• 13. withdrawal
4/7/2016
• 13. physical reaction of
bodily functions that,
when a body is
deprived of an
addictive drug, causes
increased excitability
of the bodily functions
that have been
depressed by the
drug’s habitual use
DO NOW
• NAME THE FOUR DIFFERENT OUTCOMES
OF DRUG ABUSE. EXPLAIN EACH
OUTCOME IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
4/7/2016
Drug Use v. Abuse
• It is possible to use illegal drugs without
engaging in abuse of them …
• Only a small portion of drug users actually
become drug abusers
• According to ONDCP, 7 million people meet
diagnostic criteria for drug abuse (out of 20
million users)
• Percentage of drug abusers seems to remain
relatively stable over time, even as number of
drug users changes
4/7/2016
Major Types of Drugs
• Drugs are categorized according to their major
effects on brain function and human behavior
• stimulants
• depressants
• hallucinogens / disssociative anesthetics
• narcotics/opiates
• Others add inhalants, analgesics, sedatives, and
hypnotics
4/7/2016
Major Types of Drugs: Drugs are categorized
according to their major effects on brain function and human behavior
• Stimulants – stimulate central nervous system
(CNS) / increase activity of the brain and spinal chord
• Depressants – lessen activity of the CNS /
decrease or stop vital functions
• Hallucinogens – produce mood and perceptual
changes varying from sensory illusions to
hallucinations
• Narcotics – opium and opium derivatives, and their
synthetic versions, used mostly as pain killers
• Others add inhalants, analgesics,
sedatives, and hypnotics
Stimulants – Nicotine, Cocaine,
Amphetamines, Methamphetamine
• 14. stimulants
• 14. stimulate
central nervous
system (CNS) /
increase activity of
the brain and spinal
chord
• Ex: cocaine;
methamphetamine;
nicotine; caffeine
4/7/2016
• Amphetamine;
ritalin
Depressants – Alcohol
• 15. depressants
• 15. lessen activity of
the CNS / decrease
or stop vital functions
– Ex: alcohol;
tranquillisers
4/7/2016
Depressants (Alcohol’s effect
on the brain)
• Alcohol has effects on different areas of the brain.
• In the region of the cerebral cortex, alcohol decreases a
person's inhibitions and slows down thought processes as
well as the processing of incoming visual and auditory
information.
• The cerebellum, the center of balance, is affected, leading to
the staggering gait of a drunk.
• The effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary increases
sexual desire, but decreases actual performance.
• Alcohol acts on the medulla to slow a person's breathing and
decrease
body temperature, which can cause death.
4/7/2016
Depressants (Alcohol’s effect
on the brain)
• In the long run, heavy drinking can cause severe and
permanent brain damage, and your brain can really shrink.
Many alcoholics come down with Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome because alcohol interferes with the body's
absorption of thiamine. This syndrome causes mental
confusion, lack of coordination and problems with memory
and learning. Dependence on alcohol also causes changes in
the brain's chemistry, and if a person tries to stop drinking
suddenly, withdrawal symptoms of delirium tremens (DTs),
hallucinations, nausea and seizures can result. Detoxification
centers can help to alleviate these symptoms.
4/7/2016
Hallucinogens : LSD, PCP, Marijuana, Shrooms,
Peyote
• 16. Hallucinogens • 16. produce mood and
perceptual changes varying from
sensory illusions to
hallucinations; to change in
blood pressure
• Ex: LSD, Marijuana, Shrooms
4/7/2016
Hallucinogens
• Hallucinogens are drugs that distort the way you
perceive reality. They can cause you to see, feel and
hear things that don't exist, making it hard to
communicate or think clearly. They can also cause
rapid, intense emotional mood swings.
• Hallucinogens work by disrupting how your nerve
cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin interact
throughout the brain and spinal cord.25 By changing
the normal, healthy structure of serotonin in the
body, hallucinogens twist and alter the way your
brain processes your senses, feelings and visual
information. When you are unable to get a grip on
reality, normal events and situations can take on an
unreal and frightening quality.
Narcotics – Heroin, Codeine,
Morphine, Oxycodone
• 17. Narcotics
• 17. opium and opium
derivatives, and their synthetic
versions, used mostly as pain
killers
• Ex: opium, heroin, morphine;
oxycodone
4/7/2016
Narcotics
• Narcotics affect the body in different ways,
depending on the particular drug and how it
is taken. Some common effects include
constricted pupils, dizziness, drowsiness, and
loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.
Codeine elevates the blood pressure,
increases the heart rate and causes tremors
and seizures.
Over time, narcotics can cause chronic
constipation, impaired vision, and irregular
menstrual cycle and decreased sex drive.
4/7/2016
Some “club drugs” …
• Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA aka
ecstasy (stimulant)
• Gamma-hydroxybutyrate or GHB aka grievous bodily
harm (depressant)
• flunitrazepam / Rohypnol aka roofies (depressant)
• Ketamine aka special K (hallucinogen)
• 18. club drugs
4/7/2016
• 18. ecstasy (stimulant),
roofies (depressant),
special K (hallucinogen)
MDMA and its affect on the
brain
• MDMA acts by increasing the activity of three
neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
The emotional and pro-social effects of MDMA are likely
caused directly or indirectly by the release of large amounts
of serotonin, which influences mood (as well as other
functions such as appetite and sleep). Serotonin also triggers
the release of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which
play important roles in love, trust, sexual arousal, and other
social experiences. This may account for the characteristic
feelings of emotional closeness and empathy produced by
the drug; studies in both rats and humans have shown that
MDMA raises the levels of these hormones.
4/7/2016
A close-up of Ecstasy pills in assorted shapes and colors.
MDMA, (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), AKA ecstasy,
is a synthetic drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant
methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.
4/7/2016
MDMA (AKA: Ecstasy)
• A close-up of Ecstasy pills in assorted shapes and colors.
MDMA, (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), AKA
ecstasy, is a synthetic drug that is chemically similar to the
stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen
mescaline. Taken orally in tablet or capsule form, MDMA
effects brain cells’ utilization of serotonin, a chemical
transmitter that plays an important role in regulating mood,
aggression, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain.
MDMA has a similar chemical structure to serotonin, and
when it enters brain cells, it causes an excessive release of
that chemical. As a result, users experience feelings of
increased energy, euphoria, emotional warmth, and
distortions in time, perception, and tactile experience.
4/7/2016
Ketmine (aka: Special K)
• A pile of ketamine and pills. Ketamine—chemically, a
compound called ketamine hydrochloride—is a drug that was
developed in the 1960s to sedate animals and humans for
surgery, though it eventually was replaced by medications
that worked faster with less risk. Beginning in the 1990s,
initially to the puzzlement of police, burglars began breaking
into veterinary clinics and stealing ketamine. They soon
learned that recreational drug users had discovered
ketamine and were turning it into the new hallucinogenic
party drug. In its standard powdered form, ketamine looked
like cocaine, and could be snorted in the same way. But it
also could be easily modified for injecting, smoking or even
mixing into drinks.
4/7/2016
A pile of ketamine and pills. Ketamine—chemically, a
compound called ketamine hydrochloride—is a drug that was
developed in the 1960s to sedate animals and humans for
surgery, though it eventually was replaced by medications that
worked faster with less risk.
4/7/2016
If we’re going to have a “war
on drugs” which drugs should
we pursue??? (WRITE THESE
DOWN)
• Answer depends on …?:
• Degree of harm caused to individuals by drug
use/abuse?
• Degree of harm caused to families,
communities and society by drug use/abuse?
• Degree of dependence/addiction triggered by
drug use experimentation?
• If we used these criteria, on what drugs would
we focus?
Activity
• What are discrepancies in descriptions of
drugs from ONDCP and the Drug Policy
Alliance/Safety First???
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• Effects of any drug depends on
what:(List four)
4/7/2016
If we’re going to have a “war on
drugs” which drugs should we
pursue???
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607604644/fulltext
Extent of Drug
Use in USA
• Major sources of information about drug use:
• Monitoring the Future (MTF) -- national
survey/interviews with approximately
50,000
randomlythselected students in
th
th
8 , 10 and 12 graders
• Started in 1975 (12th graders), added
other grades in 1991
• National estimates of the past month,
past year, and lifetime use of
tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and
non-medical use of prescription drugs
• Also measures disapproval and
perceived harmfulness & availability
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• NSDUH findings:
• Lifetime use: 114.3 million users (46.1% of pop.)
– Mostly marijuana (40.6%) followed by psychotherapeutics
(20.3%)
• Past year use: 35.7 million users (14.4%)
– Most marijuana (10.1%) followed by
psychotherapeutics (6.6%)
• Past month (current) use: 19.9 million users
(8% of pop.)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Current use
(NSDUH)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Current use
(NSDUH)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Current use
(NSDUH)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Other interesting facts re current use (NSDUH):
• Current use lower for full-time college students
than non-students (but higher lifetime use for
students)
• Current use lowest for college grads
• Current use lowest for full-time employed (but
most users are employed)
• Highest rates in the west, lowest in the south
• Highest rates in cities, lowest in rural counties
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Now more initiates of prescription drug use per
year than marijuana!
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Other interesting facts re current use (NSDUH):
• 51.1% use alcohol
• 23.3% binge drink (5 or more drinks at one
setting at least once a month)
• 6.9% heavy drink (5 or more drinks at one
setting at least five times a month)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Highest rates of smoking for 18-25 year olds
(36.2%) versus 9.8% of 12-17 year olds
Extent of Drug Use in US
(NSDUH)
• Other interesting facts re current use (NSDUH):
• Users of alcohol and tobacco more likely to be
current users of illicit drugs
• Tobacco users about 9 times more likely …
• Heavy drinkers about 12 times more likely …
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
• MTF findings (12th, 10th, 8th graders)
• Lifetime use: 47.4%, 34.1%, 19.6%
• Past year use: 36.6%, 26.9%, 14.1%
• Past month (current) use: 22.3%, 15.8%,
7.6%
• Current use is higher among 12th graders for
virtually every
drug (one drug consistently
th
higher for 8 graders)
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
• MTF Prevalence of Current Use (12th graders):
• Alcohol – 43.1%
• Been drunk – 27.6%
• Cigarettes – 20.4%
• Marijuana – 19.4%
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
• Smokeless tobacco – 6.5%
• Narcotics – 3.8% (heroin – 0.4%)
• Amphetamines – 2.9% (meth – 0.6%)
• Sedatives – 2.8%
• Tranquilizers – 2.6%
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
• Hallucinogens – 2.2% (LSD – 1.1%)
• Cocaine – 1.9%
• Ecstasy – 1.8%
• Inhalants – 1.4%
• Steroids – 1%
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
30
25
• Current use
(MTF)
Trend lines
20
15
10
5
0
1991
2008
12th grade
10th grade
8th grade
Extent of Drug Use
in US (MTF)
• Other interesting facts re current use (MTF):
• Perceived harmfulness of drug use generally NOT
up
• Perceived disapproval of drug use generally NOT
up
• Perceived availability of drugs generally NOT
down
If we’re going to have a “war
on drugs” which drugs should
we pursue??? (WRITE THESE
DOWN)
• Answer depends on …?:
• Degree of harm caused to individuals by drug
use/abuse?
• Degree of harm caused to families,
communities and society by drug use/abuse?
• Degree of dependence/addiction triggered by
drug use experimentation?
• If we used these criteria, on what drugs would
we focus?
DO NOW
• THE EFFECTS THAT A DRUG HAS ON A
PERSON DEPENDS ON WHAT FACTORS?
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES!!!!!!!!!!!!
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHAT IS A STIMULATE? NAME SOME
EXAMPLES OF A STIMULATE.
• YOU HAVE UNTIL 12:38
SECTION 2: DRUGS INC.
• Some call methamphetamine the
"Devil's Drug." Often made in less than
an hour from a common cold remedy,
this powerful stimulant is sweeping
across the U.S. and Asia.
• It can be injected, smoked, or snorted,
and one hit can keep a user high for as
long as eight hours. More addictive
than cocaine or alcohol, meth locks
users in a devastating cycle.
Some call methamphetamine the "Devil's Drug." Often made in
less than an hour from a common cold remedy, this powerful
stimulant is sweeping across the U.S. and Asia. Follow a raid
on a suspected meth lab, stake out a neighborhood pharmacy
where addicts attempt to accumulate cold and flu pills, and
meet a neuroscientist urgently searching for a cure for
addiction. See the dangers of meth and the unexpected
physical damages caused by the drug.
• 1. Methamphetamine
• 1. one of the world’s most
powerful stimulants “Devils Drug”
• It can be injected, smoked, or
snorted, and one hit can keep a
user high for as long as eight
hours. More addictive than
cocaine or alcohol, meth locks
users in a devastating cycle.
All over the United States, thousands of dealers sell methamphetamine
under the street names crank, crystal, glass, or ice.
Every year Mexican drug cartels produce approximately 200 metric tons of
meth for the U.S. market alone, with an estimated revenue of $8 billion.
In China and India, a small number of pharmaceutical factories produce
thousands of tons of pseudo-ephedrine for legitimate use. Criminal
middlemen legally purchase vast quantities of these chemicals but then sell
them on to illegal meth producers.
Supplying chemicals illegally is a lucrative business. In Asia, a kilo of
pseudo-ephedrine costs $68. But international criminal organizations, like
the Mexican cartels, pay up to $10,000 for the same kilo.
• 2. street names for
Meth
• 2. crank, crystal, glass, or
ice
• 3. Mexican drug
cartels
• 3. produce approximately
200 metric tons of meth
for the U.S. market alone
Facts about Meth
• All over the United States, thousands of dealers sell methamphetamine
under the street names crank, crystal, glass, or ice.
• Every year Mexican drug cartels produce approximately 200 metric tons
of meth for the U.S. market alone, with an estimated revenue of $8
billion.
• In China and India, a small number of pharmaceutical factories produce
thousands of tons of pseudo-ephedrine for legitimate use. Criminal
middlemen legally purchase vast quantities of these chemicals but then
sell them on to illegal meth producers.
• Supplying chemicals illegally is a lucrative business. In Asia, a kilo of
pseudo-ephedrine costs $68. But international criminal organizations, like
the Mexican cartels, pay up to $10,000 for the same kilo
In the United States, imported Mexican methamphetamine
has spread rapidly eastward. With increased Mexican
migration, traffickers and dealers can now hide amongst lawabiding Hispanic communities across America.
Seventy percent of the 250 metric tons of meth coming into
the U.S. originates from Mexican sources. But Mexican ice is
by no means the only kind of methamphetamine available.
Unlike heroin or cocaine, methamphetamine can be produced
at home, using a concoction of easily available household
chemicals.
• 4. Mexican
sources of meth
• 5. Missouri
• 4. 70% of the 250 metric tons of
meth coming into the U.S. originates
from Mexican sources
• 5. Almost 1,500 meth labs were
discovered in Missouri last year,
making it one of the worst hit states
in the epidemic of home
methamphetamine cooking
Facts about Meth
• In the United States, imported Mexican methamphetamine
has spread rapidly eastward. With increased Mexican
migration, traffickers and dealers can now hide amongst
law-abiding Hispanic communities across America.
• Seventy percent of the 250 metric tons of meth coming
into the U.S. originates from Mexican sources. But Mexican
ice is by no means the only kind of methamphetamine
available. Unlike heroin or cocaine, methamphetamine can
be produced at home, using a concoction of easily
available household chemicals.
• Almost 1,500 meth labs were discovered in Missouri last
year, making it one of the worst hit states in the epidemic
of home methamphetamine cooking.
America is the largest methamphetamine market in the Western
Hemisphere.
In the state of Missouri, an estimated 53,000 people use
methamphetamine.
Methamphetamine makes the user feel euphoric, alert, and
powerful. But the horrific after-effects of this extraordinary rush
include severe depression and an inability to eat or sleep.
• 6. America
• 6. is the largest
methamphetamine market in
the Western Hemisphere; 1.4
million
• In the state of Missouri, an estimated
53,000 people use methamphetamine
• 7. effects of meth
4/7/2016
• 7. makes the user feel
euphoric, alert, and powerful
Facts about Meth
• America is the largest methamphetamine market in
the Western Hemisphere.
• In the state of Missouri, an estimated 53,000
people use methamphetamine.
• Methamphetamine makes the user feel euphoric,
alert, and powerful. But the horrific after-effects of
this extraordinary rush include severe depression
and an inability to eat or sleep.
• Large doses of methamphetamine can also cause
hallucinations. As with powerful hallucinogens such
as LSD, meth-induced delusions seem entirely real.
Methamphetamine makes the user feel euphoric, alert, and
powerful. But the horrific after-effects of this extraordinary
rush include severe depression and an inability to eat or
sleep. Large doses of methamphetamine can also cause
hallucinations. As with powerful hallucinogens such as LSD,
meth-induced delusions seem entirely real.
• 8. after-effects of meth • 8. include severe
depression and an
inability to eat or
sleep; hallucinations
4/7/2016
A few ingredients such as ingredients, including ammonium
fertilizer and lithium from household batteries, are placed in a
simple soda bottle The chemicals react, producing not only
methamphetamine, but also poisonous fumes that can explode
• 9. Sources of
Methamphetamine
4/7/2016
• 9. can be produced at
home; Mexican drug
cartels are another
source
A few ingredients such as ingredients, including ammonium
fertilizer and lithium from household batteries, are placed in a
simple soda bottle. The chemicals react, producing not only
methamphetamine, but also poisonous fumes that can explode
• 10. harmful
ingredients of meth
4/7/2016
• 10. ammonium
fertilizer and lithium
from household
batteries
METH LAB
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• AFTER WATCHING THE NATGEO VIDEO
“WORLD’S MOST DANGEROUS DRUG”
WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE
AFFECTS OF METH TO PEOPLE’S LIVES
AND SOCIETY?
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• HOW DOES METH AFFECT THE BODY?
4/7/2016
SECTION 2: DRUGS INC.
Cocaine is a global business. From coca farmers in Colombia
and trafficking cartels in Mexico to crack slingers in Miami
and cocaine dealers in London, the supply chain of cocaine
stretches around our world.
• 11. Cocaine
• 11. powerful
stimulant that
produces feelings of
intense pleasure and
well being
Social effects of Cocaine
Drug traffickers are the real
"winners" in the cocaine business. They earn millions of dollars by
smuggling large shipments of drugs across international borders.
The cocaine trade wreaks havoc on countries around the world.
Cash from the sale of cocaine has financed coups in Bolivia, fuelled
guerrilla wars in Nicaragua and Colombia, and threatens the
stability of the Mexican state.
• 12. social effects of
cocaine
4/7/2016
• 12. financed coups in
Bolivia, fuelled guerrilla
wars in Nicaragua and
Colombia, and threatens
the stability of the
Mexican state
Miami, Florida, is America’s first city of cocaine. Since the 1970s
it’s been a point of entry for traffickers and home to a large
population of dealers. There are two forms of cocaine:
Cocaine powder is snorted predominantly by the wealthy, many of
whom believe it’s non-addictive and can enhance both work and
play. Crack cocaine is sold in rock form and smoked. It delivers an
intense high and a way to escape the reality of life, if only for a
brief while.
• 13. Miami, Florida
• 14. two forms of
cocaine
4/7/2016
• 13. is America’s first
city of cocaine
• 14. cocaine
powder; crack
cocaine
While the drug cartels earn millions of dollars smuggling
cocaine, the peasant farmers who grow the coca plants, from
which cocaine is extracted, are lucky to earn enough to
survive. Over half of the world’s cocaine is produced in
Colombia. Tens of thousands of peasant farmers grow coca in
Colombia. Growing food crops does not yield nearly as much
profit as growing coca. Colombian farmers sell yucca plants for
40 cents a kilo, whereas cocaine paste sells for $750 per kilo.
The profit from coca farming is the only way these growers can
provide a better life for their families
• 15. Source of
Cocaine
4/7/2016
• 15. Over half of the
world’s cocaine is
produced in Colombia
When cocaine is used it interferes with the reabsorption of
dopamine, a brain chemical associated with pleasure and
movement, producing a euphoric effect. Shortly after cocaine is
ingested the user may experience the following symptoms:
Constricted blood vessels. Dilated pupils. Increased body
temperature. Increased heart rate. Higher blood pressure.
• 16. effects of
cocaine
• 16. produces a
euphoric effect;
restlessness;
mental alertness
• 17. after-effects of
cocaine
• 17. dilated pupils;
higher blood
pressure; paranoia;
anxiety
4/7/2016
Crack cocaine first emerged in 1984. Up until then,
cocaine, costing $100 per gram, was seen as a drug
that was the preserve of the rich.
Crack revolutionized the cocaine business by offering
a cheap, yet intensely powerful high for only $5. It
soon swept through America’s inner cities. Within a
year 5.8 million people had succumbed to addiction.
• 18. crack cocaine
• 18. revolutionized
the cocaine
business by offering
a cheap cocaine
• Plagued the inner
cities
4/7/2016
The profit from coca farming is the only way these growers
can provide a better life for their families. For the million
peasant farmers growing and producing cocaine paste in
Colombia, the international drugs trade is economically
brutal. They receive a mere 5 cents for every gram of
cocaine sold, but growing any other crop would condemn
them to poverty.
4/7/2016
Facts about Cocaine
• Miami, Florida, is America’s first city of cocaine. Since the 1970s it’s
been a point of entry for traffickers and home to a large population
of dealers.
• There are two forms of cocaine:
– Cocaine powder is snorted predominantly by the wealthy, many
of whom believe it’s non-addictive and can enhance both work
and play.
– Crack cocaine is sold in rock form and smoked. It delivers an
intense high and a way to escape the reality of life, if only for a
brief while.
• Crack cocaine first emerged in 1984. Up until then, cocaine, costing
$100 per gram, was seen as a drug that was the preserve of the
rich.
• Crack revolutionized the cocaine business by offering a cheap, yet
intensely powerful high for only $5. It soon swept through America’s
inner cities. Within a year 5.8 million people had succumbed to
addiction.
Facts about Cocaine
• In the 1990s the appetite for cocaine in the UK exploded, seen as a
glamorous drug that enables users to work and play harder and longer.
Cocaine became the drug of choice for Britain’s middle class. Forty-two
U.S. tons of cocaine are consumed in the UK each year.
• Around the world there are two million people working as cocaine
dealers. Selling cocaine and crack can provide a profitable living, but
few make a fortune
• Drug traffickers are the real "winners" in the cocaine
business. They earn millions of dollars by smuggling large
shipments of drugs across international borders.
• The cocaine trade wreaks havoc on countries around the
world. Cash from the sale of cocaine has financed coups in
Bolivia, fuelled guerrilla wars in Nicaragua and Colombia,
and threatens the stability of the Mexican state.
•
DO NOW
• PROVIDE A NEUTRAL VIEW OF DRUG
USE? WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF
NEUTRAL DRUGS?
• LOOK IN YOUR NOTES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4/7/2016
The global heroin industry funds terrorism and
international crime while undermining the fabric of
society. America’s prisons hold half a million drug
offenders — more than any country in the world.
Drug abuse costs the U.S. economy more than $180
billion a year.
• 19. a drug that changes
• 19. Heroin
the way the brain works,
so when an addict is
deprived of the drug, they
become physically sick.
These physical changes in
the brain lead to chemical
dependence.
• Heroin is one of the
deadliest drugs on the face
of the planet.
The global heroin industry funds terrorism and international
crime while undermining the fabric of society. America’s
prisons hold half a million drug offenders — more than any
country in the world. Drug abuse costs the U.S. economy more
than $180 billion a year.
• 20. America’s
prisons
• 20. hold half a million drug
offenders costing U.S.
economy $180 billion per
year
• 21. U.S.
government
• 21. spends less than a 1/4 of
its drug control budget on
treatment
• 22. methods heroin
of use
4/7/2016
• 22. injected,
snorted, or smoked
(mostly injected)
Soon after injection (or inhalation), heroin crosses the blood-brain barrier. In
the brain, heroin is converted to morphine and binds rapidly to opioid
receptors. Abusers typically report feeling a surge of pleasurable sensation a "rush." The intensity of the rush is a function of how much drug is taken
and how rapidly the drug enters the brain and binds to the natural opioid
receptors. Heroin is particularly addictive because it enters the brain so
rapidly. With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied by a warm flushing of
the skin, dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the extremities, which may be
accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and severe itching.
• 23. effects of heroin • 23. in the brain heroin is
converted to morphine and
binds rapidly to opioid
receptors; creating a euphoric
state within seconds
• 24. receptors located in the
brain and various organs that
bind opiates or opioid
• 24. opioid receptors
substances
Opioid Receptors
• Medications such as morphine and
oxycodone bind to these receptors in the
brain to reduce feelings of pain, and
these drugs may also cause feelings of
euphoria. Increasing the scientific
understanding of opiate receptors may
help pharmaceutical companies develop
medications for pain without the threat of
addiction.
4/7/2016
After the initial effects, abusers usually will be drowsy for
several hours. Mental function is clouded by heroin's effect on
the central nervous system. Cardiac function slows. Breathing is
also severely slowed, sometimes to the point of death. Heroin
overdose is a particular risk on the street, where the amount
and purity of the drug cannot be accurately known.
4/7/2016
Within the after effects of heroin the use may feel
drowsy for several hours Mental function is clouded by
heroin's effect on the central nervous system. Cardiac
function slows. Breathing is also severely slowed,
sometimes to the point of death.
• 25. after effects of • 25. drowsy for several hours;
heroin
mental function is clouded;
cardiac function slows;
breathing is severely slowed
sometimes to the point of
death
4/7/2016
Because it’s injected, heroin’s impact on the brain is extreme.
Unlike other drugs that rely on snorting or smoking, heroin’s
effects are felt within seconds. It quickly crosses from the
blood stream into the brain, releasing huge amounts of
dopamine which trigger a euphoric state in the user.
• 26. symptoms of
heroin withdrawal
• 26. Physical symptoms of
heroin withdrawal include
severe muscle pain,
vomiting, diarrhea, and in
some cases, even death.
Two million people across the country are involved in the
cultivation of opium poppies. Poppies contain opium sap —
the raw ingredient needed for heroin. Some families rely on
the sale of poppies to feed their families. An Afghan farmer
earns more than the average yearly wage ($9,000) by selling
the opium needed to make just one kilo of heroin. In
America, that kilo fetches $130,000.
• 27. Source of
heroin
4/7/2016
• 27. More than 75% of the
world’s heroin supply of
heroin originates in
Afghanistan
Two million people across Afghanistan are
involved in the cultivation of opium poppies.
Opium sap, the raw ingredient of heroin,
comes from poppies.
• 28. opium sap
4/7/2016
• 28. the raw ingredient of
heroin, comes from
opium poppies
FIELD OF OPIUM POPPIES
USED TO CREATE HEROINE
IN AFGHANISTAN
4/7/2016
Facts about Heroin
• Opiates, like heroin, kill more people than
any other narcotic — around 100,000 a year
worldwide. Its victims die primarily from
infection from dirty needles or overdose.
• The U.S. government spends less than a
quarter of its drug control budget on
treatment
• In 2007 more than 1.8 million drug-related
arrests were made in the U.S.
Heroin use is risky because it’s almost always injected. Sharing
needles spreads HIV and other infectious diseases. The Insite
project, a government run facility that provides users with
clean needles and a safe place to shoot up, was set up in 2003
after Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside posted the highest rates
of HIV in the Western world.
• 29. victims of
heroin use
• 29. die primarily from
infection from dirty
needles or overdose
DO NOW
• LIST THE FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF
DRUGS AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF
EACH.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• EXPLAIN THE EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS OF HEROIN USE. WHAT TWO
WAYS DO HEROIN USERS TEND TO DIE
PRIMARILY FROM?
4/7/2016
To many, it's an evil weed, but to some, it's a sacred herb,
even a lifesaver. For decades the global supply was controlled
by criminals, but now a quasi-legal industry worth billions of
dollars is booming. Visit growers who are leading a
horticultural revolution, hear from users consuming for
medicinal purposes, go inside the "Green Rush" of medical
marijuana in cities across the U.S. and the violent marijuana
cartels in Mexico.
• 30. Cannabis
• 30. psychoactive plant
commonly known as
marijuana, grass, pot, or
weed; the most widely used
drug on the planet
Cannabis Revolutionaries vs.
Law Enforcement
• Used by 167 million
people worldwide,
cannabis polarizes
public opinion. On one
side, there are
cannabis
revolutionaries trying
to legitimize the plant.
On the other, law
enforcement is trying
to wipe it off the
planet.
The Facts on Cannabis
• Used by 167 million people worldwide, cannabis polarizes
public opinion. On one side, there are cannabis
revolutionaries trying to legitimize the plant. On the other,
law enforcement is trying to wipe it off the planet.
• In 1970, the U.S. Federal Government passed the Controlled
Substances Act classifying cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug,
just like heroin. This designation identifies the drug as
having a high potential for abuse with no medicinal value.
• In defiance of Federal law, 14 U.S. states now allow
patients to grow or purchase cannabis on a doctor’s
recommendation. Chief among these rebel states is
California.
In 1970, the U.S. Federal Government passed the Controlled
Substances Act classifying cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug, just
like heroin. This designation identifies the drug as having a
high potential for abuse with no medicinal value. In defiance
of Federal law, 14 U.S. states now allow patients to grow or
purchase cannabis on a doctor’s recommendation. Chief
among these rebel states is California.
• 31. classified cannabis as
• 31. Controlled
a Schedule 1 drug, just
Substances Act (1970)
like heroin
• 32. Schedule 1 drug
• 33. California (1996)
• 32. drug has a high
potential for abuse w/no
medical value
• 33. allow patients to grow
or purchase cannabis on a
doctor’s recommendation
In defiance of Federal law, 14 U.S. states now allow patients to
grow or purchase cannabis on a doctor’s recommendation. Chief
among these rebel states is California.
•States that have decriminalized possession
or allow medical marijuana.
4/7/2016
•States considering decriminalization,
legislation, or medical marijuana in 2012
•States with existing decriminalization or
medical marijuana laws that are considering
further reform.
Cannabis contains a complex mixture of more
than 60 unique active compounds known as
cannabinoids. The two most abundant of which
are Tetrahydro-cannibinol, or THC, and
cannabidiol, or CBD.
• 34. cannabis
compounds
• 34. contains a complex mixture
of more than 60 unique active
compounds known as
cannabinoids
• 35. two main
cannabinoids
• 35. THC & cannabidiol
4/7/2016
When ingested, the compounds attach
themselves to cannabinoid receptors,
molecules affecting neural signals in parts of
the brain governing memory, anxiety,
appetite, coordination, and pain.
• 36. effects of
cannabis
4/7/2016
• 36. affects neural signals in parts
of the brain governing memory,
anxiety, appetite, coordination,
and pain.
California’s tolerance of cannabis for medical use dates
back to the early outbreaks of AIDS in the 1980s.
In 1996, California passed Proposition 215, a state law
allowing doctors to recommend cannabis to patients.
• 37. proposition 215
4/7/2016
• 37. a state law
allowing doctors to
recommend
cannabis to patients
Facts about Cannabis
• When ingested, the compounds attach themselves to
cannabinoid receptors, molecules affecting neural signals
in parts of the brain governing memory, anxiety, appetite,
coordination, and pain.
• California’s tolerance of cannabis for medical use dates
back to the early outbreaks of AIDS in the 1980s.
• In 1996, California passed Proposition 215, a state law
allowing doctors to recommend cannabis to patients.
• Once a patient has a doctor’s recommendation, they can
legally grow their own or purchase cannabis from a
dispensary. The so called “Cannabusiness” is booming.
Like ordinary goods, cannabis is subject to a sales tax and
it’s underpinning California’s economy.
Once a patient has a doctor’s recommendation,
they can legally grow their own or purchase
cannabis from a dispensary. The so called
“Cannabusiness” is booming. Like ordinary
goods, cannabis is subject to a sales tax and it’s
underpinning California’s economy.
California has up to 400,000 medical cannabis
patients, serving them are an estimated 2,100
dispensaries and co-operatives — a total that
outnumbers the state’s Starbucks, McDonald’s
and 7-11s combined.
4/7/2016
The last 15 years have seen a medical revolution across America.
Doctors are recommending cannabis for everything from cancer to
stress. But critics say the system is abused by recreational users
who exploit medical endorsement to bypass the law.
Despite being legal under State law, dispensary owners still risk
prosecution under Federal drug laws, which don’t recognize
medical cannabis.
• 38. dispensary
owners
• 38. still risk prosecution
under Federal drug laws,
which don’t recognize medical
cannabis
• 39. cannabusiness • 39. subject to a sales tax and
it’s underpinning California’s
economy
Marijuana can be cultivated anywhere
on the planet by growing it indoors, a
process that began in Holland.
• 40. Source of
Marijuana
4/7/2016
• 40. Marijuana can be
cultivated anywhere on
the planet by growing it
indoors, a process that
began in Holland.
Marijuana
4/7/2016
Facts about Cannabis
• California has up to 400,000 medical cannabis
patients, serving them are an estimated 2,100
dispensaries and co-operatives — a total that
outnumbers the state’s Starbucks, McDonald’s and
7-11s combined.
• The last 15 years have seen a medical revolution
across America. Doctors are recommending
cannabis for everything from cancer to stress. But
critics say the system is abused by recreational
users who exploit medical endorsement to bypass
the law.
• Despite being legal under State law, dispensary
owners still risk prosecution under Federal drug
laws, which don’t recognize medical cannabis.
Quiz #1 Essay
• DESCRIBE SOME NEGATIVE AND
POSITIVE INFLUENCES THAT DRUGS
HAVE ON PEOPLE.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHICH STATE IN THE U.S. IS THE
PIONEER STATE FOR LEGALIZING
MEDICAL MARIJUANA?
• EXPLAIN PROPOSITION 215. HOW IS
MEDICAL MARIJUANA AIDING
CALIFORNIA’S ECONOMY?
4/7/2016
Section 3: The Enforcers
Atlanta is home to “Spaghetti Junction,” a concrete jungle where
two U.S. interstates and a number of other major highways
converge. A tractor trailer leaving here can reach about 80
percent of the population in the United States within 48 hours.
It’s a logical transshipment point for legitimate business and for
loads of drugs and money. Spreading through America like
wildfire, meth is seen by many law enforcement agencies as the
number one drug threat because it can drive users to desperate
acts.
• 1. Atlanta
• 2. drug shipment
• 1. home to two U.S.
interstates and a number of
major highways
• 2. uses this Spaghetti
Junction for loads of drugs
and money
In 2006, Federal anti-meth laws cracked down on
methamphetamine production. Sales of pseudo-ephedrine
are now strictly limited to nine grams a month per person.
Nationally, the cost of methamphetamine-related crime is
estimated at $4 billion.
• 3. Federal anti-meth
laws
• 3. have cracked down on
meth production; cost of
crime $4 billion
Rotterdam is the third biggest port in the world with 25 miles
of harbor handling over a million tons of cargo a day — and
not all of that cargo is legal. Officers in the port have to
determine which ships to search for drugs. It's one of the
most difficult jobs in the harbor.
• 4. Rotterdam
(Holland)
• 4. third largest port in the
world; officers must
determine which ships to
search for drugs
But they have a tool to make their job a bit easier: an X-ray
machine so powerful it can see through the steel walls of
shipping containers. Despite the best efforts of border police,
340 tons of heroin made it onto the world’s streets last year.
• 5. x-ray machine
• 5. can see through the
steel walls of shipping
containers
Since the 1970s the war on drugs has cost more than two
trillion taxpayer dollars, but it hasn’t eliminated marijuana. In
fact, cannabis use is so widespread that 41 percent of
Americans admit trying it, including President Obama. In the
1930s Federal Bureau of Narcotics chief Harry Anslinger began
America’s war on drugs. He created a moral panic, claiming
cannabis use led to insanity, rape, and murder.
• 6. Federal Bureau of
Narcotics chief Harry
Anslinger
• 6. began Americas war on
drugs in the 1930s
• 7. Anslinger’s claim on
cannabis
• 7. claiming cannabis use
led to insanity, rape and
murder; outlawed in 1937
by U.S. Congress
• 8. Taxpayers
money
against War
on drugs
• 8. since 1970s the war on
drugs has cost U.S. $2
trillion
Despite objections from the American Medical Association,
Anslinger persuaded Congress to outlaw the drug in 1937.
Since Cannabis was outlawed in the 1930s, stopping its use
has been the main focus of America’s War on Drugs. While
medical marijuana patients can legally consume their
medicine in 14 U.S. states, more than 800,000 people are
arrested for illegal cannabis use every year.
For the past 25 years governments around the world have
been fighting a war against cocaine. Austin, Texas, is one of
the main battlegrounds in this war. In Colombia, the American
government has financed an eradication operation to reduce
cocaine production in the country by 50 percent. Since 2000
the U.S. Government has poured $5 billion into these
eradication missions to little effect.
• 8. Austin, Texas
• 9. U.S. gov
• 8. main battleground for war
against cocaine
• 9. financed ($5 billion)
eradication operation in
Columbia to reduce cocaine
production
The amount of cocaine manufactured in Colombia remains the
same today as at the beginning of the century. The majority
of this cocaine is smuggled into America. Instead of shipping
large loads across the country, smugglers have been forced to
ship smaller units due to the successes of the DEA and Border
Patrol.
But with the huge number of cars crossing the border and
coming into Austin, law enforcement knows it has no hope of
stopping all cocaine from reaching the city. But even
containing the cocaine problem is an uphill battle. Not only
have the drug cartels divided their shipments between
hundreds of traffickers, they now employ thousands of
dealers to sell their product.
• 10. drug cartels
• 10. employ
thousands of dealers
to sell their product
Cartel Spheres of influence and U.S. Presence
Cartel Spheres of influence
and U.S. Presence
Gulf Cartel
Juarez Cartel
Sinaloa Cartel
Tiajuana Cartel
4/7/2016
La Familia Michoacana
Beltran Leyva
DO NOW
• WHAT DID THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF
NARCOTICS CHIEF HARRY ANSLINGER CLAIM
THE USE OF CANNABIS LEAD TO? WHAT IS
THE CONTROLED SUBSTANCES ACT OF 1970?
DO YOU AGREE WITH THIS ACT?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
• LOOK IN YOUR NOTES
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHY IS ROTTERDAM SUCH A
NIGHTMARE FOR THE DEA (DRUG
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY)? WHAT TOOL
HAS MADE THEIR JOB MUCH EASIER
FOR THE DEA IN ROTTERDAM?
4/7/2016
Section 4: The Traffickers
4/7/2016
Cocaine Submarines
• http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/c
hannel/videos/built-for-speed/
4/7/2016
San Ysidro, the point of entry between Tijuana,
Mexico, and San Diego, California, is the busiest land
border crossing in the world, and America’s front line
in the war on drugs. Large Mexican drug trafficking
organizations have begun producing
methamphetamine on an industrial scale. It’s
marketed to the masses as “Mexican Ice” or
“Crystal.” Many traffickers use the San Ysidro border
crossing to smuggle meth from Mexico into the
United States. Working almost exclusively with midlevel drug dealers, many traffickers rarely associate
with the end user.
• 1. San Ysidro
• 1. busiest land border
crossing in the world; U.S.
front line in the war on drugs
• 2. large Mexican
drug trafficking
• 2. organizations have begun
producing meth on and
industrial scale
Many traffickers use the San Ysidro border crossing to smuggle meth from
Mexico into the United States. San Ysidro, the point of entry between
Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, California, is the busiest land border
crossing in the world, and America’s front line in the war on drugs.
4/7/2016
The global opiate market is estimated to be $65 billion.
The global heroin industry funds terrorism and
international crime while undermining the fabric of
society. Raw opium is taken to a group of drug
warlords who control large areas of Afghanistan. These
warlords traffic opium to international crime
syndicates across the Iranian border, which turn it into
heroin that they sell for up to $5,000 a kilo. Perhaps to
ensure prices remain consistently high, traffickers have
stockpiled 12,000 tons of opium. That’s enough to
keep the world’s heroin addicts fixed for two whole
years.
• 3. heroin industry
• 4. drug warlords
• 3. funds terrorism and
international crime
• 4. in Afghanistan traffic
opium across Iranian border
4/7/2016
The Mexican drug cartels that dominate the supply of cannabis
are fighting for their share of the worldwide cannabis market
estimated to be worth $142 billion annually. In California the
Mexican cartels’ profits are being eroded by “mom and pop”
operators who are supplying the booming legal medical
marijuana business. People from all over America are flocking
to California to be part of the so called “Green Rush.”
• 5. Mexican drug cartels • 5. dominate supply of
cannabis
• 6. “mom and pop”
operators in California • 6. supplying the booming
legal medical marijuana
business eroding Mexican
drug cartels’ profits
4/7/2016
America’s multi-billion dollar demand for marijuana
is fueling devastating bloodshed on Mexico’s streets.
Two of Mexico’s biggest drug gangs, the Sinaloa and
the Juarez cartels, are fighting a war over El Paso’s
strategic location on the Mexican-U.S. border. The
war over lucrative smuggling routes has turned
Juarez, Mexico, into the murder capital of the world.
• 7. Sinaloa and Juarez • 7. Mexico’s biggest drug
cartels
gangs
• 8. both gangs
• 8. are fighting a war over
El Paso’s location on the
Mexican U.S. border
• 9. Juarez, Mexico
• 9. considered to be the
murder capital of the world
Cartel Spheres of influence and U.S. Presence
Cartel Spheres of influence
and U.S. Presence
Gulf Cartel
Juarez Cartel
Sinaloa Cartel
Tiajuana Cartel
4/7/2016
La Familia Michoacana
Beltran Leyva
DO NOW
• Why is Juarez, Mexico considered to be
the murder capital of the world?
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHICH DRUG DID YOU CHOOSE TO DO
YOUR PROJECT ON WHEN DISCUSSING
“WAR ON DRUGS”? EXPLAIN WHY?
If we’re going to have a “war
on drugs” which drugs should
we pursue??? (WRITE THESE
DOWN)
• Answer depends on …?:
• Degree of harm caused to individuals by drug
use/abuse?
• Degree of harm caused to families,
communities and society by drug use/abuse?
• Degree of dependence/addiction triggered by
drug use experimentation?
• If we used these criteria, on what drugs would
we focus?
DO NOW
• If we’re going to have a “war on drugs”
which drugs should we pursue???
• WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT THIS
QUESTION DEPENDS ON
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• MISSOURI IS NOW TRYING TO PUSH FOR A LAW
WHICH WILL LEGALIZE MEDICAL CANNABIS. DO
YOU AGREE THAT MEDICAL CANNABIS SHOULD BE
LEGALIZED. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
• SHOULD CANNABIS BE LEGALIZED COMPLETELY.
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER
4/7/2016
Section 5: The Doctors
4/7/2016
The volatile substances used to manufacture meth can cause
an explosion powerful enough to kill. The Vanderbilt Hospital
in Nashville has one of the United States’ premier burn units.
Patients are flown here from all over the southeastern U.S.
At any time, victims of exploding methamphetamine labs
make up about a quarter of the unit’s patients. In the U.S.
overall healthcare costs for methamphetamine users are
estimated at almost $864 million per year.
• 1. Vanderbilt Hospital • 1. premier burn units in
in Nashville
U.S.; meth lab explosion
victims make up ¼ of unit’s
patients
• 2. health cost for
• 2. estimated at almost $864
meth users
million per year; 48% of
meth users do not have
health insurance
Meth burn victim from meth lab
explosion: Mark Buckner is one of the 48 percent of
meth users who have no health insurance, putting a great
strain on hospital resources. One hospital in central Tennessee
provided approximately 300 million dollars in charity care last
year.
4/7/2016
• When it comes to heroin use is especially risky
because the drug is almost always
injected. Sharing needles spreads HIV and other
infectious diseases. Opiates, like heroin, kill more
people than any other narctoic—around 100,000 a
year worldwide. Its victims die primarily from
infection from dirty needles or overdose.
• 3. opiates (heroin) • 3. kill around 100,000 a year
world wide; through dirty
needles or overdose
• 4. blood-borne
• 4. transmitted by sharing
infections
needles
Insite is a government-run facility in Vancouver that provides
users with clean needles and a safe place to shoot up. This
project was set up in 2003 after Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside
posted the highest rates of HIV in the Western world.
Heroin use is especially risky because the drug is almost always
injected. Sharing needles spreads HIV and other infectious
diseases. Physical symptoms of heroin withdrawal include severe
muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some cases even death.
• 5. Vancouver,
Canada
• 5. in 2003 posted the highest
rates of HIV in the Western world
• 6. Insite
• 6. a government-run facility in
Vancouver that provides users
with clean needles and a safe
place to shoot up.
4/7/2016
Insite is a government-run facility in Vancouver that
provides users with clean needles and a safe place
to shoot up. Heroin use is especially risky because
the drug is almost always injected.
4/7/2016
In Chicago, Illinois Greg Scott, Research Director of the
Chicago Recovery Alliance, sees the 50,000 addicts in his city
as victims in need of medical treatment. Scott’s day begins on
the wrong side of the tracks. He heads to some of the city’s
most dangerous areas to help homeless addicts. A lack of
access to clean needles for addicts during the 1980s helped
fuel an AIDS epidemic. Scott’s primary concern is not to get
users into addiction treatment but, instead, to teach them safer
injection practices.
• Greg Scott, Research Director of the Chicago
Recovery Alliance, sees the 50,000 addicts in his
city as victims in need of medical treatment. Scott’s
day begins on the wrong side of the tracks. He
heads to some of the city’s most dangerous areas
to help homeless addicts. Opiates, like heroin, kill
more people than any other narcotic — around
100,000 a year worldwide. They do so in two main
ways — by infection from dirty needles and by
overdose. Blood-borne infections are transmitted by
sharing needles. A lack of access to clean needles
for addicts during the 1980s helped fuel an AIDS
epidemic. Scott’s primary concern is not to get
users into addiction treatment but, instead, to teach
them safer injection practices.
Greg Scott, Research Director of the Chicago Recovery Alliance,
sees the 50,000 addicts in his city as victims in need of medical
treatment. Scott’s day begins on the wrong side of the tracks.
He heads to some of the city’s most dangerous areas to help
homeless addicts. Scott’s primary concern is not to get users
into addiction treatment but, instead, to teach them safer
injection practices.
• 7. Greg Scott
• 7. research director of the Chicago
Recovery Alliance
• 8. Chicago
Recovery Alliance • 8. provider of community outreach
• 9. narcan
programs including harm reduction,
better vein care, and safer injection
resources
• 9. a drug that can reverse an opioid
overdose. It blocks opioids from
attaching to opioid receptors in the
brain
DO NOW
• EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE
CHICAGO RECOVERY ALLIANCE
PROGRAM.
• DO YOU AGREE WITH THIS PROGRAM?
EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
4/7/2016
Switzerland is one of the richest and, by reputation, most
conservative countries in Europe. But during the 1980s and
1990s, Switzerland was in the grips of a heroin plague. In the
capital of Bern, drug-related crime was through the roof. It
was a national disgrace. In response to public outcry, the
government came up with a revolutionary program way
beyond the clean needles and counseling offered in North
America: free heroin for addicts who meet the criteria,
prescribed by doctors and courtesy of the taxpayer. Dr.
Christoph Bürki has been part of this radical experiment from
the beginning.
• 10. Switzerland
• 10. plagued with heroin addiction
during the 80’s & 90’s; created an
revolutionary drug program
• 11. HAT program • 11. free heroin for addicts
(heroin assisted
prescribed by doctors & courtesy
treatment
of taxpayers
In 1994 Switzerland became the pioneer of the ‘heroin clinic’, a
safe environment where addicts go to be prescribed and inject
pure heroin, as opposed to its sometimes ineffective substitute,
methadone. Initially, this programme was met with scepticism, but
the Swiss public were persuaded of the benefits of heroin-assisted
therapy (HAT) and endorsed it twice in nationwide votes. This
new-found confidence in HAT was primarily due to a cost-benefit
analysis estimating that the rewards of the programme (money
saved in law enforcement and health costs) were double that of
the cost, tackling areas such as crime, social reform and stopping
the spread of HIV & AIDS.
4/7/2016
His clinic in Bern is one of 23 centers around the country that
dispense heroin like medicine. It’s nothing compared to the
soup-like consistency of street heroin. Here, it’s 100 percent
pure. Every patient in this clinic receives a controlled dose of
pharmaceutical grade heroin. Before Bürki’s clinic was
established, heroin addiction forced his patients into a life of
crime, prostitution, and homelessness. They were
disconnected from medical services and addiction treatment.
• 12. Dr. Christoph
Bürki
• 12. dispenses heroin like
medicine
• 13. Bürki’s clinic
• 13. every patient in this clinic
receives a controlled dose of
pharmaceutical grade heroin
4/7/2016
Treating an addict rather than just imprisoning them,
where they will more likely be exposed to an even
deeper criminal lifestyle, allows them to make a
positive contribution to society. Upon admission to the
HAT, 73% of the addicts were unemployed and 69%
were funding their habit via an illegal income. After 18
months of treatment, the figures dropped dramatically,
to 45% and 11%, respectively
Crime Rate/Implementation
of HAT
• 69% funding habit
illegally
• After 18 months of
treatment; the
figures dropped to
45% and 11%
The last 15 years have seen a medical revolution across
America. Doctors are recommending cannabis for
everything from cancer to stress. But critics say the
system is abused by recreational users who exploit
medical endorsement to bypass the law.
Despite being legal under State law, dispensary owners
still risk prosecution under Federal drug laws, which
don’t recognize medical cannabis.
•States that have decriminalized possession
or allow medical marijuana.
4/7/2016
•States considering decriminalization,
legislation, or medical marijuana in 2012
•States with existing decriminalization or
medical marijuana laws that are considering
further reform.
• Once a patient has a doctor’s recommendation, they
can legally grow their own or purchase cannabis from
a dispensary. The so called “Cannabusiness” is
booming. Like ordinary goods, cannabis is subject to
a sales tax and it’s underpinning California’s
economy.
California has up to 400,000 medical cannabis
patients, serving them are an estimated 2,100
dispensaries and co-operatives — a total that
outnumbers the state’s Starbucks, McDonald’s and 711s combined.
Harborside Health Center in Oakland is one such
dispensary. Here, patients can choose from around 100
different marijuana products, which cost between $30
and $60 for an eighth of an ounce. The Harborside has
38,000 registered patients who legally grow medical
marijuana and sell it to the Harborside collective. In
the back office the owners ensure the marijuana meets
the high standards needed to qualify it as medicine.
Despite being legal under State law, dispensary
owners still risk prosecution under Federal drug laws,
which don’t recognize medical marijuana.
• 14. Californian • 14. 2100 dispensaries serving
dispensaries
400,000 medical cannabis patients
• 15. Harborside • 15. cannabis dispensary patients
Health Center
can choose from around 100
different marijuana products, which
cost between $30 and $60 for an
eighth of an ounce.
Harborside Health Center in Oakland is one
such dispensary. Here, patients can choose
from around 100 different marijuana products,
which cost between $30 and $60 for an eighth
of an ounce.
4/7/2016
Professor Nora Volkow is America’s leading specialist on drug
addiction. As late as the 1980s many scientists and politicians
believed cocaine was non-addictive, but Volkow believes
they’re wrong. In order to better understand the nature of
cocaine addiction, Volkow used a PET scanner to view the
brains of hundreds of users and ex-users. While scanning exusers, she noticed an anomaly — when they were discussing
cocaine, their dopamine levels rose.
• 16. Dr. Nora
Volkow
• 17. ex-users of
cocaine
4/7/2016
• 16. specialist on drug addiction
proved cocaine is majorly
addictive
• 17. when discussing cocaine, their
dopamine levels rose
• Cocaine is so addictive that simply
showing images of its use is enough
to increases users’ dopamine levels
and lead them into a relapse
While scanning ex-users, she noticed an anomaly —
when they were discussing cocaine, their dopamine
levels rose. Volkow theorized that people become
addicted to the lifestyle. In another experiment,
volunteers were placed in a PET scanner and shown
images of people preparing and snorting lines of
cocaine. Incredibly, these images significantly
increased the dopamine levels in the brains of users.
Dr. Volkow’s research is revolutionary — it shows that
cocaine is so addictive that simply showing images of
its use is enough to increases users’ dopamine levels
and lead them into a relapse.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• What do you think about Dr. Burk’s clinic
in Switzerland where every patient
receives a controlled dose of
pharmaceutical grade heroin in order to
cut down on drug related crimes and
transmitted diseases. Do you disagree or
agree with their methods? Should the
U.S. try these “radical” methods? Explain
your answer.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• DO YOU AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH
THE DISPENSIARIES SUCH AS THE
HARBORSIDE HEALTH CENTER WHICH
DISPENSES MEDICAL MARIJUANA TO
PATIENTS WITH A DOCTOR’S
RECOMMENDATION. SUPPORT YOUR
ANSWER.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• EXPLAIN TWO THINGS TO ME THAT
YOU HAVE LEARNED ABOUT YOUR PART
OF THE PROJECT WITHIN THIS WAR ON
DRUGS WEBQUEST.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• IN YOUR OWN OPINION DO YOU AGREE
OR DISAGREE WITH MARIJUANA BEING
LEGALIZED FEDERALLY? EXPLAIN YOUR
ANSWER.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• WHY DO YOU THINK THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT IS SO AGAINST
THE FEDERAL LEGALIZATION OF
MARIJUANA?
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• SINCE MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL
FEDERALLY, DO YOU THINK THAT
CIGARETTES AND ALCOHOL SHOULD
ALSO BE MADE ILLEGAL IN THIS
COUNTRY? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• AFTER READING THIS ARTICLE ANSWER
THIS QUESTION: DO YOU BELIEVE
THAT THIS WOMEN DESERVES THE
PUNISHMENT THAT SHE RECEIVED FOR
HER ACTIONS? IF NOT, THEN WHAT
PUNISHMENT DO YOU BELIEVE SHE
DESERVES. EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• EXPLAIN THE POSITION THAT YOUR
GROUP HAS CHOSEN WHEN IT COMES
TO THE LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA.
HOW DIFFICULT WAS IT TO REACH
YOUR DECISION? WHY DID YOUR
GROUP CHOOSE THE POSITION?
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• EXPLAIN THE EXPERIENCE OF WORKING
IN A GROUP WHEN WRITING THE
LEGISLATIVE DOCUMENT OF YOUR
PROJECT. WERE THERE ANY DIFFICULT
MOMENTS. DID EVERYONE GET TO
PLACE THEIR INPUT IN THE
LEGISLATION?
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• I WANT YOU TO GRADE YOUR TEAMMATES
WITHIN YOUR GROUP DURING THE WAR ON
DRUGS WEBQUEST PROJECT BY RATING
THEIR PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE GROUP.
RATE EACH OF YOUR GROUP MEMBERS
FROM 1-5. 1 BEING THE LEAST PRODUCTIVE
AND 5 BEING THE MOST PRODUCTIVE IN
THE GROUP. DO NOT SHARE THIS WITH
YOUR CLASSMATES OR ANYONE IN YOUR
GROUP. MAKE SURE TO EXPLAIN YOUR
RATINGS FOR EACH GROUP MEMBER!
4/7/2016
DO NOW
• TELL ME TWO THINGS THAT YOU
LEARNED FROM ME THIS SEMESTER.
• IT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE HISTORY
RELATED.
• ONCE FINISHED BEGIN STUDYING
INDEPENDENTLY FOR YOUR FINAL
EXAM
• WE WILL BEGIN SHORTLY
Section 1
DO NOW
• TELL ME TWO THINGS THAT YOU
WOULD LIKE TO CHANGE ABOUT
YOURSELF FOR THIS NEW YEAR AND
THIS 2ND SEMESTER.
4/7/2016