Transcript veterinary drug use and prescribing

VETERINARY DRUG
USE AND
PRESCRIBING
CH. 5
– All drugs have 3 names
• Chemical name
• Generic (nonproprietary) name
• Trade (proprietary) name
TRADE NAME:
– Benadryl
CHEMICAL NAME:
– 2(Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine
hydrochloride
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE:
GENERIC NAME:
– diphenhydramine hydrochloride
CHEMICAL NAME
Describes the chemical structure of the
drug
– Long, wordy, hard to say
– Rarely used when describing medications
Chemical structure is the diagram of the
chemical arrangement of the drug
– Sometimes seen on package inserts
– Also rarely used
GENERIC NAME
 Also called the NONPROPRIETARY name
 Written in lower case
 Official identifying name of the drug
– Assigned by the U.S. adopted names Council
 Describes the active drug(s) in the product
 Easier to pronounce than the chemical
name
DO YOU KNOW THE
GENERIC NAME?
TYLENOL
– acetaminophen
ADVIL
– ibuprofen
CLARITIN
– loratadine
TRADE NAME
Also called the PROPRIETARY name
Written in capital letters or begins with a
capital letter
– Considered a proper noun
May only be used by the company that
registered the drug
– Registered by the U.S. Patent Office
(approved by the USDA)
May have R or ® next to the name to
imply that the product is registered
DO YOU KNOW THE TRADE
NAME?
pseudoephedrine
– Sudafed
chlorpheniramine
– Chlor-trimeton
famotidine
– Pepcid
As we have already discussed, generic
companies are allowed to market a drug
once the manufacturer’s patent expires
They must be bioequivalent (produce
similar blood levels)
Occasionally a patient will react one
way to a drug, and have a completely
different reaction with its generic
counterpart.
Generic drugs are usually cheaper
FDA REGULATIONS
 Oversees drug standards and the adherence
to these standards
 Can be found in the United States
Pharmacopoeia (USP)
– Legally recognized drug standard of the U.S.A
– Describes the source, appearance, properties,
standards of purity, etc. of important drugs
 All drugs must meet USP standards, be
correctly labeled, identifying the
manufacturer and the directions for use. All
advertisements must be true and correct.
PACKAGE INSERTS
INFORMATION PROVIDED WITH THE DRUG
BOTTLE OR VIAL BY THE
MANUFACTURER TO CLARIFY THE
DRUG’S PROPERTIES AND USES
PACKAGE INSERTS
The following info is usually found on a package
insert:
 Trade name (if not a generic product),
generic name, chemical name
 Rx symbol if it is a prescription product
 C with a Roman numeral if it is a
controlled substance
 Manufacturer’s name and insert
PACKAGE INSERTS
 Chemistry section/composition statement
– Physical and chemical properties, appearance,
solubility, chemical structure, melting point,
additional ingredients
 Pharmacology
– Toxicology and pharmacokinetics may be all
combined into this section
 Indications and usage
– Reasons to use the drug, how to use it, and
how long to use it, what species to use it in
PACKAGE INSERTS
 Contraindications
– When not to use the drug
 Precautions
– Conditions that will make the drug more likely
to cause a problem
 Warnings
– Conditions when problems with drug use may
occur
 Adverse reactions/Side effects
– Undesirable reactions to the drug/effects that
occur other than the intended effect
PACKAGE INSERTS
 Overdosage
– Dangers of using excessive amounts, the signs
of overdose, and how to handle it
 Dosage and administration
– Amount of drug per body weight of the animal
that will produce the desired effect and the
route in which the drug should be administered
 Storage
– Recommended temperature and conditions
 How Supplied
– Dosage forms, strengths, container size
REFERENCE BOOKS
PHYSICIAN’S DESK REFERENCE
– Manufacturer’s Index, Brand and Generic
Name Index, Product Category Index,
Product Identification Guide
COMPENDIUM OF VETERINARY
PRODUCTS and VETERINARY
PHARMACEUTICALS AND
BIOLOGICALS
– Manufacturer and Distributor Index, Brand
Name and Ingredient Index, Therapeutic
Index, Charts
 FDA requires that a drug label state:
indications for use, species to be used in,
route of administration, dose, length of
treatment
 FDA’s Compliance Policy Guide discusses that
food-producing animals should not receive
drugs that are labeled for humans
 Prescription – an order to a pharmacist, written
by a licensed veterinarian, to prepare the
prescribed medication and affix the directions,
and then sell the product to the client
THE 7 PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION
1) Vet’s name address, phone number
– Usually preprinted at the top
– DEA # is needed if it is a script for a controlled
substance, but this may be provided in private
2) Client’s name and address, name and
species of patient
3) Name, strength, quantity of drug to be
given
4) Instructions for the amount to be given,
route, frequency, and duration of
administration
5) # of refills allowed
6) Vet’s signature
7) Date of prescription
Can also include cautionary statements
and withdrawal times
DRUG LABEL
When dispensing medication, the
following should be included on the
label:
– Name and address of the dispenser
– client’s name (address is optional)
– Animal’s name and species
– Drug name, strength, and quantity to be
given
– Date of order
– Directions
– Refill info (if necessary)
THINGS TO REMEMBER
 DON’T REFILL A MEDICATION BEFORE
VERIFYING IT WITH A VETERINARIAN
 DISPENSE MEDS IN CHILDPROOF
CONTAINERS
 CHECK THE DRUG’S EXPIRATION DATE
 DISPENSE LIGHT-SENSITIVE DRUGS IN
AMBER COLORED BOTTLES AND STORE
THEM AWAY FROM LIGHT.
 WRITE A ZERO BEFORE ANY DECIMAL POINT