Transcript No Slide Title - Delmar

Fundamentals of Pharmacology
for Veterinary Technicians
Chapter 5
Veterinary Drug Use and Prescribing
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Types of Drugs
• Chemical name:
– Provides scientific and technical information
– Is a precise description of the substance
– Example: 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4benzodiazepin-2-one
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Types of Drugs
• Generic (nonproprietary) name:
– Official identifying name of the drug (assigned by the
U.S. Adopted Names Council)
– Describes the active drug
– Written using lowercase letters
– Example: diazepam
• Brand (trade, proprietary) name:
– Establishes legal proprietary recognition for the
corporation that developed the drug
– Is registered with the U.S. Patent Office and is used
only by the company that registered the drug
– Is written in capital letters or begins with a capital letter
and has a circled, superscript R by its name
– Example: Valium
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Sources of Drug Information
• United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
– Publication that is the legally recognized drug standard of the
United States
– Describes the source, appearance, properties, standards of
purity, and other requirements of the most important pure
drugs
– The FDA requires that all drugs meet USP standards of purity,
quality, and uniformity
• Drug label
– Label on drug bottle or vial must contain:
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Drug names (generic and trade)
Drug concentration and quantity
Name and address of manufacturer
Manufacturer’s control or lot number
Expiration date of drug
Withdrawal time (if warranted)
Controlled substance status of drug (if warranted)
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Sources of Drug Information
• Package insert
– Provided with drugs to meet regulatory requirements
• Registered trade name, generic name, controlled
substance notation if warranted
• Description or composition statement
• Clinical pharmacology, actions, or mode of action
• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Precautions
• Warnings
• Adverse reactions or side effects
• Overdosage information
• Dosage administration
• Storage
• How supplied
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Package Insert
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Sources of Drug Information
• Drug References
– Bound book of information on package
inserts
• Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR):
human-approved drugs
• Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals
(VPB)
• Compendium of Veterinary Products (CVP)
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Expiration Dates
• Expiration date is the date before which a
drug meets all specifications and after
which the drug can no longer be used
• Expiration dates are assigned based on
the stability of or experience with the drug
• Expiration dates for drugs that are mixed
in the clinic vary depending on the
reconstitution and refrigeration status of
the drugs
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Drugs Used in Veterinary
Practice
• Veterinary drugs are those approved only
for use in animals
• Human drugs are approved by the FDA
and guidelines for their use in foodproducing animals is provided in the
Compliance Policy Guide
• A veterinarian/client/patient relationship
must be established before any
medication is prescribed for an animal
– Guidelines for veterinarian/client/patient
relationships are provided in Table 5-2
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Prescriptions
• A prescription is an
order to a pharmacist,
written by a licensed
veterinarian, to
prepare the
prescribed medicine,
to affix the directions,
and to sell the
preparation to the
client
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Dispensing Drugs
• Prescription drugs may be dispensed by
pharmacists or trained veterinary staff
• Veterinary prescription drugs should be
properly labeled when dispensed
• Remember that veterinary staff members
cannot refill or dispense medications
without veterinarian approval
• Medications must be dispensed in
childproof containers
• Labels with cautionary statements may
also be used on the prescription
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Label on the Prescription
• The label on the prescription should
be complete and contain:
– The name and address of the dispenser
– The client’s name (+/- address)
– The animal’s name and species
– The drug name, strength, and quantity
– The date of the order
– Directions for use
– Any refill information (if warranted)
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.
Parts of a Prescription Label
© 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation.