Transcript Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review

Ancient Greece
Chapter 7
Review
Geography
• Mainland Greece is ________________
• It is made of three ________________;two are smaller
and joined together by an __________ to create a
larger ________________.
• The __________ Sea is to the west of Greece, the
_______________Sea is to the east, and the
__________________ Sea to the south.
• Although Greece’s soil is _________ and made it
difficult to farm, they could grow some _________,
and a lot of _____________ and _______________.
Geography
• Mainland Greece is mountainous.
• It is made of three peninsulas; two are smaller and
joined together by an isthmus to create a larger
peninsula.
• The Ionian Sea is to the west of Greece, the Aegean
Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to
the south.
• Although Greece’s soil is rocky and this made it
difficult to farm, they could grow some wheat, and
a lot of grapes and olives.
Minoans
• The earliest Greeks were the _____________
who lived on the island of ___________.
• The capital was _____________.
• The Minoans were great ______and ________.
• Either because of a massive ____________ or
because of an ________________, the
____________ took over as the most
important Greeks.
Minoans
• The earliest Greeks were the Minoans
who lived on the island of Crete.
• The capital was Knossos.
• The Minoans were great sailors and
traders.
• Either because of a massive
earthquake or because of an invasion
the Mycenaeans took over as the most
important Greeks.
City-States
• An ___________ or open marketplace was
also the place of the government buildings.
• Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be
__________, __________, and _______________.
• Regardless of your city-state, the soldiers
were called______________ and fought in a
______________ formation.
• The Greek name for city-state is
____________.
City-States
• An agora or open marketplace was also the
place of the government buildings.
• Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be
free, born in the city-state and own land.
• Regardless of you city-state, the soldiers
were called hoplites and fought in a
phalanx formation.
• The Greek name for city-state is polis.
Types of Government
• A _____________ is led by a king or queen.
• An ____________ is where a few people ( usually
upper class) hold power over a larger group.
• A ______________ is ruled by a ___________ who took
over power by force ( usually with the support of the
lower class)
• A ____________ is where all citizens share power.
• Sparta was an __________________, even though
they had two ___________,
• Athens was a ______________.
Types of Government
• A monarchy is lead by a king or queen.
• An oligarchy is where a few people ( usually upper
class) hold power over a larger group.
• A tyranny is ruled by a tyrant who took over power
by force ( usually with the support of the lower class)
• A democracy is where all citizens share power.
• Sparta was an oligarchy, even though they had
two kings.
• Athens was a democracy.
Sparta
• Spartan slaves, called _____________, did all the
farming.
• The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the
Spartan had the biggest _________ to control the
slaves.
• Boys started training at age ________, became
soldiers at ___________, and served until age ______.
• Spartan girls participated in _____________ training
and had more freedom than ___________ women.
• The council of Spartan elders, or ___________,
thought up the laws.
Sparta
• Spartan slaves, called helots did all the farming.
• The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the
Spartan had the biggest army to control the slaves.
• Boys started training at age 7 became soldiers at 18
and served until age 60.
• Spartan girls participated in physical training and
had more freedom than Athenian women.
• The council of Spartan elders, or ephors thought up
the laws.
Persian Wars
• King ___________ of Persia wanted to punish the
_______________ for helping the Ionians rebel.
• The first fight, the _________ of ______________, was a
victory for the Greeks.
• The next Persian king, _________, came back
_____years later to invade Greece with ___________
soldiers.
• The Spartans led at the battle of ______________ in a
narrow ____________ pass. Even though all
__________ Spartans died, they gave the Greeks
enough time to ______________.
Persian Wars
• King Darius of Persia wanted to punish the
Athenians for helping the Ionians rebel.
• The first fight, the Battle of Marathon was a victory
for the Greeks.
• The next Persian king, Xerxes came back 10 years
later to invade Greece with 300,000 soldiers.
• The Spartans led at the battle of Thermopylae in a
narrow mountain pass. Even though all 300 Spartans
died, they gave the Greeks enough time to retreat.
Persian Wars
• The Persians ___________ Athens.
• At ____________, the Greeks used their
faster, smaller __________to defeat the
_____________.
• The final battle at __________ was
again led by the _______________.
• The Persian Wars __________ the Greeks
against a common enemy.
Persian Wars
• The Persians burned Athens.
• At Salamis the Greeks used their faster,
smaller triremes to defeat the Persians
• The final battle at Plataea was again
led by the Spartans.
• The Persian Wars united the Greeks
against a common enemy.
Pericles/Golden Age
• Athens formed the ___________ ___________ with
other city-states as a defense against the Persians.
• Sparta formed the ______________ _____________
• ________________ was elected General of Athens.
• He rebuilt the ________________, strengthened
___________________, and made the _________
__________ to the sea.
• Athens was still a ___________ democracy during
Pericles’ time.
• The ______________ _________ was a time of great
invention and expansion of Athens
Pericles/Golden Age
• Athens formed the Delian League with other citystates as a defense against the Persians.
• Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League
• Pericles was elected General of Athens.
• He rebuilt the Parthenon strengthened democracy
and made the long walls to the sea.
• Athens was still a direct democracy during Pericles’s
time.
• The Golden Age was a time of great invention and
expansion of Athens
Peloponnesian War
• This war lasted __________ years and the two sides
were headed by _________ and ____________.
• The Pericles’ speech known as the ____________
_____________ gave the Athenians the courage to
keep fighting.
• Athens retreated behind its __________ but a
____________ struck, killing 1/3 of the people
including _____________.
• Spartans made a deal with _________ for money to
build ____________.
• Sparta defeated _____________, but all of Greece
was______________.
Peloponnesian War
• This war lasted 27 years and the two sides were
headed by Sparta and Athens.
• The Pericles’ speech known as the Funeral Oration
gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting.
• Athens retreated behind its walls but a plague
struck, killing 1/3 of the people including Pericles.
• Spartans made a deal with Persia for money to
build ships.
• Sparta defeated Athens , but all of Greece was
weakened.