Transcript Breast Feeding vs Bottle Feeding

Breast Feeding vs.
Bottle Feeding
Jason England
Laura Wetherington
Ashley Strayer
Elissa Watson
Merril Tydings
Kaileen Morgan
Pros of Breast Feeding
 Contains high levels of Nutrients
 Free
 Always Perfect Temperature
 No Preparation time
 Milk is available any time any place
 Thought to increase bonding between
mother and child.
Cons of Breast Feeding
 Mother must be available for feeding or to provide






pumped milk if she is absent.
Early breast feeding may be uncomfortable.
Certain Medications can interrupt breast feeding.
The Child might want to breast feed in public when the
mom doesn’t feel comfortable.
Time Consuming. Breast fed babies are fed on an
average every 2-3 hrs initially and 20-30 minutes per
side.
Father can’t breastfeed baby.
Might want breastfeeding after mom decides to stop
Pros of Bottle Feeding
 Mom is able to go out and have someone
else take the bottle.
 Bottle fed babies will usually go 3-4 hrs
between feedings.
 Father can enjoy feeding the baby as well.
Cons of Bottle Feeding
 Formula ranges from $54 to $198 per
month depending on brand.
 Bottles and nipples need to be sterilized,
but can be done in the dishwasher as well
as on top of the stove.
 Bottle fed infants tend to be fatter.
NO MORE ON THE SHOULDERS
 Regardless of the expectations of family,
friends, society in general and Hospital
personnel, it is the mothers choice to
make.
How We Produce Milk
 Breasts composed of
glandular, fibrous, and
adipose tissue
 Lobes are made up of
lobules and lined with
cuboidal epithelium
 Ducts combine to form
lactiferous sinuses
which serve as
reservoirs for milk
collection
 Prolactin plays a role in
milk production
Cultural Art of Breastfeeding
 Breastfeeding is a social behavior
 Culture is based on worldviews which
involve socialization, intergeneration
transmission of ideas, internalization of
values, consistent patterns of practices
and concepts, patterns that are maintained
even when maladaptive and feelings of
confusion or helplessness when patterns
are changed
 Breastfeeding patterns

can be organized around
themes of cultural
dimensions
 Mainstream
American Cultural
Views
 Leaders within a
culture must
validate, normalize
and respect cultural
distress
 Leaders must
assess a mother’s
view of
breastfeeding
Bottle Feeding and Culture
 When breastfeeding knowledge has been
lost in societies, the techniques that are
appropriate for formula feeding are
applied
 Bottle feeding involves scheduled,
infrequent, time-limited and measured
feeding
 Western society emphasizes time
management and child rearing “experts”
have long urged parents to impose
schedules on feeding of babies.
 Formula makers
emphasize bottle
feeding is more
hygienic and superior to
breast milk
 Infant feeding with
breast milk substitutes
can be controlled:
mothers can measure
how much their babies
have consumed and the
content is known
Benefits For Mother If
Breastfeeding:
Reduces the risk of breast cancer.
Reduces the risk of uterine and ovarian
cancer.
Lessens osteoporosis.
Benefits child spacing.
Promotes emotional health.
Promotes postpartum weight loss.
Costs less to breastfeed.
Maternal-infant interaction and closeness.
Disadvantages For Mother If
Breastfeeding:







Some mothers feel ashamed or embarrassed.
Pain with breastfeeding.
Leaking milk.
Stress.
Unequal feeding responsibilities/fathers left out.
Diet restriction.
Vaginal dryness associated with breastfeeding.
Benefits For Mother If Formula
Feeding:
 You know exactly how much milk your
baby has had.
 You can resume your normal life faster.
 Can include father, family, friends in the
feeding process.
 Infant formula milk is not as easily
digested as mother's milk the baby feels
satisfied for longer periods of time more
rest for mom between feeds.
Benefits For Baby When
Breastfed.








Immunologic properties of breast milk.
Increases your baby's intelligence level.
Better pain relief and less stress.
Build stronger bones.
Gets plenty of cholesterol.
Reduces risk of asthma.
Stronger immune systems.
Reduces risk of allergies.
Benefits For Baby Breastfed
(con’t)
 Reduces the risk of becoming obese later in
life.
- Kids fed mainly on breast milk for the first 6
months of life were 22% less likely to be
overweight by age 14.
- Those who were breast-fed for at least 7
months were 20% less likely to be overweight
than those babies who were given breast milk
for 3 months.
- Research shows how high levels of the
protein hormone leptin abundant in
mother's milk which influences a baby's
growth and body composition development.
Possible Disadvantages For
Baby If Breastfed:
 HIV transmission.
 Inadequate milk supply.
 Baby’s inability to suck.
Benefits For Baby If Formula
Fed:
 Iron-fortified infant formulas can decline
incidence of anemia in infants.
How Long Do You Breast-feed...
 The World Health Organization recommends
that infants start breastfeeding within one
hour of life, are exclusively breastfed for six
months, with timely initiation of adequate,
safe and properly fed complementary foods
while continuing breastfeeding for up to two
years of age or beyond.
Banking on Breast Milk


Milk banks exist because many babies will not thrive without
human milk. Infants with failure to thrive (FTT), formula
intolerance, allergies and certain other medical conditions may
require real human milk for health and even for survival.
Ideally, this breastmilk will come from the baby's mother, but
this is not always possible. For mothers with adopted children,
with insufficient milk glands, past breast surgery or cancer,
breastfeeding may not be an option. Among other situations,
mothers with premature infants may not be able to get lactation
going quickly enough to meet the needs of their fragile babies.
How do I get Donor Breastmilk?



You need a doctor's prescription to receive donor
milk,
Each recipient of donor milk needs to be under
medical supervision.
After everything is set up, you can pick up donor milk
at your local milk bank, or have it shipped directly to
you. You do not need to live near a milk bank to
receive donor milk.
Is Donor Breast Milk Safe?






All donor mothers are carefully screened.
They must be non-smokers, taking no medications, in good health and
have breastmilk in excess of their own babies needs.
Donors must have negative blood tests for Hepatitus B and C, HIV 1
and 2, and HTLV 1 and 2.
Donors must receive physicians consent to donate, and must also
provide evidence of immunity to rubella, a negative syphilis test and
provide their TB and herpes history.
Donors receive detailed instructions in the hygenic collection and
handling of milk. You have to be serious about helping others to be a
donor!
Once the donor milk arrives at the milk bank, it is pasteurized. The
pasteurization process destroys both CMV and HIV viruses while
retaining most of the nutritional and allergy protection benefits. After
pasteurization the milk is tested for bacteria.
How much does it cost?



Milk banks charge a fee to help offset the cost of processing
donor breastmilk (the fee only covers about 60% of the cost).
The Mothers' Milk Bank of Denver, Colorado charges
$2.25/ounce plus $0.25/ounce if shipped. Other milk banks
charge varying fees.
Donor milk from a milk bank is covered by some medical
insurance policies. (If you control which insurance plan your
company uses, here's a good question to ask them!) WIC
clients are eligible for coverage, and no baby is refused for
inability to pay.
Reasons to Donate Breast Milk






You have enough breast milk for your baby and extra.
You are a healthy woman whose child is less than 1 year of age and
you don't drink alcohol, smoke, use over the counter medications or
prescriptions, herbal or illegal drugs or vitamin supplements in excess
of 100% of the RDA. A few medications are acceptable, including a
multi-vitamin, low-dose progestin, birth control pills, insulin, and thyroid
replacement. A lot of chemicals pass through breast milk and premies
or sick babies have enough to handle.
Your doctor gives you the go ahead to donate your breast milk.
You want to lose weight for a good cause.
Your baby is premature and you are pumping to keep up your milk
supply until your baby comes home from the hospital.
You are pumping your milk anyway for times that you are away from
your baby.
Contraindications for Breastfeeding...


•
•
•
•
•
•
•
An infant diagnosed with galactosemia, a rare genetic metabolic
disorder
The infant whose mother:
Has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Is taking antiretroviral medications
Has untreated, active tuberculosis
Is infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II
Is using or is dependent upon an illicit drug
Is taking prescribed cancer chemotherapy agents, such as
antimetabolites that interfere with DNA replication and cell
division
Is undergoing radiation therapies; however, such nuclear
medicine therapies require only a temporary interruption in
breastfeeding
Drugs That are Contraindicated
Bromocriptine -Suppresses lactation; may be hazardous to the mother
Cocaine- Cocaine intoxication
Cyclophosphamide - Possible immune suppression; unknown effect on growth or association
with carcinogenesis; neutropenia
Cyclosporine - Possible immune suppression; unknown effect on growth or association with carcinogenesis
Doxorubicin* -Possible immune suppression; unknown effect on growth or association with carcinogenesis
Ergotamine -Vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions (doses used in migraine medications)
Methotrexate -Possible immune suppression; unknown effect on growth or association with carcinogenesis; neutropenia Lithium - One-third to one-half therapeutic blood concentration in
infants
Phencyclidine (PCP) -Potent hallucinogen
Phenindione - Anticoagulant: increased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time in one
infant; not used in United States
Source: Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics.
*Drug is concentrated in human milk.
INTERVENTIONS
HOW TO BOTTLE FEED
 Formula feeding from the start?
 Supplementing breast milk with formula?
 Switching from breast milk to formula?
CONSULT YOUR HEALTH CARE
PROVIDER!!!
WHICH FORMULA IS BEST?







WHAT’S YOUR BUDGET?
Upwards of $200 a case
Powders that require mixing with water are
cheapest but the least nutritious
Concentrates
Ready-to-use
Community resources
Coupons
Free Samples
WHICH FORMULA IS BEST?
WHAT DOES YOUR BABY TOLERATE?





Cow’s-milk-based products
Soy-based products
Hypoallergenic formulas
Specialized
DHA/ARA supplements
WHICH BOTTLE?






BPA-Free
Glass
Plastic
Reusable
Disposable
Liners
WHICH NIPPLE?








Silicone
Latex
Orthodontic
Rounded
Wide Based
Flat Topped
Flow Rates
Age Appropriate
AFTER ALL OF THAT………
TIME TO FEED!!!!






Proper positioning
Eye contact
Attachment
Burping
No bottle to bed
Sterilization
INTERVENTION
HOW TO BREAST FEED




“Breast is Best!”
Comes naturally to mom and baby
Rooting Reflex
Cues baby is hungry
LATCHING
 Baby’s mouth is open wide and tongue is down
 Support breast by positioning thumb on top,
fingers on the bottom
 Glide nipple from middle of baby’s bottom lip
down to chin to prompt mouth opening
LATCHING
 When mouth is open, bring baby to the breast,





not breast to the baby
Baby should take in as much of the areola as
possible-”fish lips”
Nose is almost touching
See and hear baby swallowing
Feels like a tug
Sucking will increase as flow increases
POSITIONS




Cradle Hold
Football Hold
Cross-Cradle Hold
Side Lying Position
 Will depend on mom and baby preference!
MORE COMFORT MEASURES




Breastfeeding goodie bag
Footstools
Pillows
Partners
PROBLEMS?




Prolonged pain
Baby constantly asleep at breast
Baby doesn’t seem satisfied when feedings over
www.llli.org
 Patient Education
 Benefits and risks of
breastfeeding or bottle
feeding.
 Positioning and latching.
 Early, active, late signs
of hungry.
 What is the purpose of a
lactation consultant?