Transcript Chapter 7 - Horizon Medical Institute

Chapter 7
Medication Administration
Objectives
 Define all key terms.
 Explain what supplies are needed for
medication administration.
 Select the correct needle and syringe for
parenteral injections.
 Describe the solutions used in IV therapy.
 Describe blood products.
Objectives
 Describe how to administer oral
medications safely.
 Discuss the methods for administering
medications through nasogastric or gastric
tubes.
 Discuss how to inject IM, SC, and ID
medications safely.
 Describe how to administer ophthalmic
and otic medications correctly.
Objectives
 Discuss precautions for the safe administration
of inhalation therapy.
 Describe how to apply transdermal patches
correctly.
 Describe how to insert vaginal and rectal
medications safely.
 Discuss how to prepare the patient for IV
therapy.
Nonparenteral Supplies
 Bottles and unit-dose packages
 Droppers
 Inhalation delivery systems
 Patches
 Suppositories
Safety
 Use correct supplies for route.
 Do not touch medications with your hands.
 Dispose of or cleanse droppers after use.
 Humidify oxygen or room air.
 Do not cut transdermal patches—apply to
intact skin only.
 Monitor patient after administration.
Critical Thinking
 What would happen if a patient used a
CPAP machine with a mask for 30 minutes
without having added water to the inhaled
air?
Parenteral Supplies for Injectable
Medications
 Ampules and vials
 Needles
 Syringes
 Safety devices
 Prefilled syringes
 IV supplies
 IV solutions
 IV setups
Critical Thinking
 Why do you think vials are used more
than ampules?
Safety
 Practice good hand hygiene.
 Change needle after insertion into
ampules or use filter.
 Clean site.
 Use safe needles.
 Use proper sharps disposal procedure.
 Monitor patient after injection.
Critical Thinking
 Why is it dangerous to recap a needle?
With so many safety devices available,
why do you think there are still so many
needle-sticks?
Blood Products
 Whole blood
 Packed red cells
 Platelets
 Polymerized hemoglobin
Critical Thinking
 Why do physicians prescribe different
blood products instead of just giving whole
blood?
Administering Medications
 Oral medications
 Opthalmic administration
 Other types
Oral Medications
 Medications by mouth
 Nasogastric and gastric tube
administration
Ophthalmic Administration
 Drops
 Ointments
Other Administrations
 Otic
 Nasal
 Inhalation—inhalers and nebulizers
 Transdermal
 Vaginal
 Rectal
Injections
 Intramuscular
 Subcutaneous
 Intradermal
 IV
Intramuscular
 Hormones, vaccinations, and pain
medications
 Needle length 1–1½ inches
 Gauge 21–23
 Syringe capacity to 5 cc
 Enter at 90-degree angle
IM Sites
 Deltoid
 Dorsogluteal
 Ventrogluteal
 Vastus lateralis
Critical Thinking
 Are the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal the
same site? When would you use each
method?
Z-track Method
 Same as regular IM, but displace the skin
before and after needle removal
 Used for fluids that stain the skin
Subcutaneous Injections
 Into fat layer—less blood supply and nerve
endings
 Can be done by patient at home
 Sites (usually abdomen, back of upper arm, and
thigh)
 45-degree angle
 Needle length ⅜ inch to ½ inch
 Gauge 25–31
 Syringe capacity 1 mL
Intradermal Injections
 Under epidermis
 10–15 degree angle
 25–31 gauge needle
 Needle length ⅜ to ½ inch
 Sites (usually forearm)
IV Administration
 IV insertion
 Flushing indwelling devices
 Complications of IV therapy
 Documentation
Documentation
 Size and type of device
 Date and time inserted
 Site location
 Type of solution
 Name of healthcare provider
inserting/hanging
 Additives
Documentation Continued
 Flow rate
 Type of infusion pump used
 Number of attempts at insertion
 Patient response
 Complications, if any, and your
interventions
 Patient teaching
Assessment Documentation
 Date and time
 Condition of site
 Site care provided
 Dressing change
 Site change
 Tubing and solution change
 Patient teaching
Summary
 What new piece of information in this
chapter were you most interested to
learn?
 What questions do you still have about the
information in this chapter?
 Return to Objectives to determine extent
of learning.
Credits
Publisher: Margaret Biblis
Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee
Developmental Editor: Yvonne N. Gillam
Production Manager: Samuel A. Rondinelli
Manager, Electronic Development: Kirk Pedrick
Technical Project Manager, EP: Frank Musick
Design Associate, EP: Sandra Glennie
The publisher is not responsible for errors or omission or for consequences from application of
information in this presentation, and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regards to its
content. Any practice described in this presentation should be applied by the reader in accordance
with professional standards of care used with regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in
each situation.