Transcript Unit 2 Examination Process

新职业英语
Unit 2
Examination Process
深圳职业技术学院应用外国语学院
Unit 2 Examination Process
1
Warming-up
5
Reading B
2
Reading A
6
Writing
3
Listening
7
Project
4
Speaking
8
Vocabulary and Structure
Unit 2 Examination Process
Warming-up
Task 1 Match the pictures with the proper abbreviations of the
testing procedures in physical examination.
BBT
BP
ECG
CT
D Basal Body Temperature 基础体温
B blood pressure
C Electrocardiograph
A Computed Tomography
计算机断层扫描
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Warming-up
Task 2 Work in groups. Choose one testing method, and ask each other
about the matters that should be paid attention to in the testing
procedure. Then report to the whole class your group’s opinion.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Suggested Answers
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Warming-up
Suggested Answers
Electrocardiograph [ɪ,lektrəʊ'kɑːdɪəgrɑːf]
One of the primary diagnostic tools physicians rely upon, when they suspect the
presence of heart disease, is the electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG) machine. This
machine detects and records the electronic impulses transmitted by the heart during and
between heartbeats. An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the
heart over time produced by an electrocardiograph, usually in a noninvasive recording
via skin electrodes.
The test is usually performed with the patient lying upon an examination table.
Sometimes, however, a physician may order a stress EKG which requires the patient to
walk on a treadmill while heart activity is recorded. In either case, the nurse or
technician attaches from 3 to 12 electrodes (also called leads) to the patient’s chest, arms
and legs. Each electrode measures your heart’s electrical activity from a different angle,
which the EKG machine displays as 12 separate readings. The operator then starts the
machine which begins recording wave tracings on a roll of paper. Periodically, the
operator relocates the electrodes, notes the replacement on the EKG tracing, and begins
the new recording. Once the test is completed, the operator may mark sections of the
report that the physician should review. In addition to the standard recording of heart
rhythm for examination purposes, the ECG technician or the nurse can assist in
monitoring the heart during other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
Task 1 Before reading the passage, see how much you
know about medical tests by answering the following
questions.
1. What are the most common medical tests in a hospital?
Routine blood tests for liver function, lipid, thyroid function, etc.
_____________________________________________________
Routine urine tests for kidney function, etc.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Routine stool tests for enteritis, bleeding, intestinal cancer, etc.
_____________________________________________________
Radiology tests including X-rays, ultrasound, CT-scan, MRI,
_____________________________________________________
EEG and EKG.
2. What are the purposes of medical tests?
To serve clinical practice, for example, to develop what clinical
_____________________________________________________
diagnosis and treatment require; to detect diseases; to aid in
_____________________________________________________
making diagnoses and prognoses.
_____________________________________________________
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
A Directory of Medical Tests





Taking a medical history and performing a physical examination usually provide
the information a doctor needs to evaluate a person’s health or to understand what
is causing an illness. But sometimes, doctors need to order tests to find out more.
Here are some common tests and what they involve:
Blood Tests
• Complete Blood Count (CBC). A CBC measures the levels of different types of
blood cells. By determining if there are too many or not enough of each blood cell
type, a CBC can help to detect a wide variety of illnesses or signs of infection.
• Blood Chemistry Test. Basic blood chemistry tests measure the levels of certain
electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, in the blood. Doctors typically order
them to look for any sign of kidney dysfunction, diabetes, metabolic disorders, and
tissue damage.
• Liver Function Test. Liver function tests check to see how the liver is working
and look for any sort of liver damage or inflammation.
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A


Radiology Tests
• X-Rays. X-rays can help doctors find a variety of conditions, including
broken bones and lung infections.
 • Ultrasound. Though they’re typically associated with pregnancy,
doctors order ultrasounds in lots of different cases. The images seen on
most ultrasounds are difficult for the untrained eye to decipher, so a doctor
will view the image and interpret it.
 • Computed Tomography (CAT scan or CTScan). CAT scans are a kind
of X-ray, and typically are ordered to look for things such as appendicitis,
internal bleeding, or abnormal growths. A scan may require the use of a
contrast material (a dye or other substance) to improve the visibility of
certain tissues or blood vessels.
 • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRIs use radio waves and
magnetic fields to produce an image. MRIs are often used to look at bones,
joints, and the brain. Contrast material is sometimes given through an IV in
order to get a better picture of certain structures.
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
Other Tests
• Stool Test. Stool (or feces or poop) can provide doctors with valuable information
about what’s wrong when one has a problem in the stomach, intestines, or another part of
the gastrointestinal system.
• Urine Test. Doctors order urine tests to make sure that the kidneys are functioning
properly or when they suspect an infection in the kidneys or bladder.
• Electroencephalography (EEG). EEGs often are used to detect conditions that affect
brain function, such as epilepsy, seizure disorders, and brain injury.
• Electrocardiography (EKG). EKGs measure the heart’s electrical activity to help
evaluate its function and identify any problems. The EKG can help determine the rate and
rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart’s chambers, and whether there is
any damage present. EKGs can detect abnormal heart rhythms, some congenital heart
defects, and heart tissue that isn’t getting enough oxygen.
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
医学检查指南
采集病史和进行体检通常会为医生评价一个人的健康或了解引发疾病的原
因提供所需的信息。但有些时候，医生需要开出检查单以查明更多
的情况。
下面就是一些常见的检查以及它们所涉及的检查项目。
血液检查
全血细胞计数(CBC)。全血细胞计数测量不同类型细胞的数量。通过确定
每一种血细胞类型是否过多或数量不足，全血细胞计数有助于检测种种不同的
疾病或感染征象。
血液化学检查。基本血液化学检查测量血液中如钠和钾这类的电解质水平。
医生通常开出此类检查单来找出是否有下列疾病症状：肾功能障碍、糖尿病、
代谢紊乱及组织损伤。
肝功能检查。肝功能检查的目的是查看一下肝脏的功能，以及是否有任何
肝损伤或炎症。
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
放射学检查
X射线。X射线可帮助医生发现各种不同病症，包括骨折和肺部感染。
超声。尽管该检查手段通常与妊娠联系在一起，但医生还是在许多不同的
病例中采用它。多数超声仪上的图像对于外行来说很难辨认，所以医
生会观察图像并加以解释。
计算机断层摄影 (CAT scan or CT-scan)。该项扫描技术属于一种X射线，通
常被用来查找像阑尾炎、内出血或异常增生之类的疾病。扫描需要用造影剂
（一种染料或其他物质）来提高某些组织或血管的可见度。
磁共振成像 (MRI)。该项技术利用无线电波和磁场来生成图像。它常常被
用来查看骨骼、关节和头部。为了获取某些组织结构更清晰的画面，有时通过
静脉注射造影剂。
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
其他检查
大便检查。当胃、肠道或胃肠系统其他部位出现症状时，粪便可为医
生提供有关诊断方面的有价值的信息。
尿液检查。医生为了确定肾功能是否正常，或者怀疑肾脏或膀胱内出现
感染时，他们会开出尿液检查单。
脑电图 (EEG)。脑电图常被用来检查影响大脑功能的病症，如癫痫症、
癫痫发作和脑外伤。
心电图 (EKG)。心电图测量心电活动以协助评价心功能并找出症结。它
能帮助确定心搏速率和节律、心室的大小和位置，以及是否有任何损害。
它还能发现心率异常、某些先天性心脏缺损以及未获取足够氧的心脏组织。
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Unit 2 Examination Process
evaluate
Reading A
v. place a value on; judge the worth of sth.
e.g. The school has only been open for six
months, so it’s too early to evaluate its
success.
detect
v. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
e.g. Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man’s stomach.
infection
n. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the
body by pathogenic microorganisms
e.g. The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against infection.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
decipher
Reading A
v. find the meaning of sth. that is difficult to read or understand
e.g. I can’t decipher his sloppy handwriting.
interpret
v. give an interpretation or explanation to
e.g. We interpreted his silence as a refusal.
Useful expression:
interpret…into…: 把……译成……
visibility
n. how far it is possible to see
e.g. Dense fog is covering roads and visibility is very poor.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
v. regard as untrustworthy; have no faith or confidence in
suspect
e.g. We suspect his honesty.
Useful expression:
suspect sb. of doing sth.: 怀疑某人做某事
rhythm
n. a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements
e.g. Human biological rhythm is related to the natural cycle of day and night.
defect
n. an imperfection in a system
e.g. He suffers from a hearing defect.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
Task 2 After reading the passage, group the medical tests mentioned in
the passage into each category.
Blood Tests
Complete
Blood Count
_________
(CBC)
_________
Blood
Chemistry Test
_________
Liver Function Test
Radiology Tests
Other Tests
X-Rays
Stool Test
______________
___________
Ultrasound
Urine Test
______________
___________
Computed Tomography ___________
Electroencephalography
______________
(CT-Scan)
(EEG)
Magnetic
Electrocardiography
Resonance Imaging
(EKG)
(MRI)
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
Task 3 Read the passage again. Match each medical test with one fact
as its target.
g
a
e
c
i
b
f
h
k
j
d
1. Ultrasound
2. X-Rays
3. Complete Blood Count
4. Blood Chemistry Test
5. Liver Function Test
6. Urine Test
7. EKG
8. Stool test
9. MRI
10. EEG
11. Computed Tomography
a. lung infections
b. an infection in the kidneys
c. metabolic disorders
d. abnormal growths
e. blood cell type
f. heart rhythms
g. pregnancy
h. a problem in the intestines
i. liver inflammation
j. brain injury
k. joint problems
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading A
Task 4 Suppose you were a medical assistant, what would you do to
make yourself understood if a patient asked you about his/her
test results?
I would tell my patient in plain, simple words that can be easily
_____________________________________________________
understood. I would also try to avoid using technical terms that
_____________________________________________________
might cause trouble in the patient’s understanding. If he/she
_____________________________________________________
remained puzzled about the abbreviations in the test results, I would
_____________________________________________________
patiently tell what each of them stands for.
_____________________________________________________
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Vocabulary
Task 1
Draw blood 采血，抽血
Take blood 采血
Blood routine examination 血常规检查
Tumor marker identification 肿瘤标志物的鉴定
Sterilize ['stɛrəlaɪz] vt. 消毒； 使无菌；
Roll up 卷起(袖子或裤腿)
Clench [klen(t)ʃ] vt. 紧握，抓紧； 钉牢；
Specimen ['spesɪmɪn] n. 样品； 范例；
Tourniquet ['tʊənɪkeɪ] n. 止血带
Cotton swab [swɒb]棉拭子，药棉拭子
Vein [veɪn] n. 静脉；
Diagnosis [,daɪəg'nəʊsɪs] n. 诊断
Fetch [fetʃ] vt. 接来（某人）
Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 1 Mr. Black is having a check at the Department of Gastroenterology.
A nurse will draw some blood for him. Listen to the conversation
and put the following items into correct order.
3
7
4
1
5
8
6
2
Sterilize the skin
Get the report
Take off coat and roll up your sleeve
Clench your fist
Open your hand
Send specimen to the laboratory
Tie the tourniquet
Press with cotton swab
Script
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 1
N: Mr. Black, let me take some blood from your arm now.
P: What’s that for?
N: For blood routine examination, tumor marker identification and so on.
Please take off your coat and roll up your sleeve.
P: Left arm?
N: Okay. I will tie the tourniquet to the arm. You might feel a little tight, but it will
last for only a short while. Please clench your fist. It can help make your veins
stand out clearly.
P: I see. Is that right?
N: Yeah, I’m going to sterilize the skin. Please try to relax. I will be really careful.
Don’t move.
P: Alright.
N: I’ve finished. Please open your hand. Press here with this cotton swab for a
while. Now I’m about to send the blood specimen to the laboratory. The findings
will help the doctor in making the diagnosis.
P: When can I get the report?
N: This afternoon. You could fetch it with this card.
P: Thank you very much.
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N: You’re welcome.
Task 2
Gastroscopy [ɡæs'trɔskəpi] n. 胃镜检查法
Endoscope ['endəskəʊp] n. 内窥镜
Flexible ['fleksɪb(ə)l] adj. 灵活的；
Pathology [pə'θɒlədʒɪ] n. 病理（学）
Gastric ['gæstrɪk] fluid [医]胃液
Biopsy ['baɪɒpsɪ] n. 活组织检查，活体检视
Swallow vt.& vi. 吞，咽； 忍耐，忍受
Sip vt.& vi. 小口喝，呷
Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 2 Mr. Black is going to have a gastroscopy. Listen to the
conversation and choose the best answer to each question
you hear.
B 1. What does an endoscope look like?
B
C
A
C
A. As long as a finger. B. Thin and flexible. C. A large pipe.
2. What should Mr. Black do before having the gastroscopy?
A. Smoke as little as possible.
B. Empty the stomach.
C. Drink a lot of water.
3. When is Mr. Black supposed to come tomorrow?
A. 6 a.m. B. 2 p.m. C. 8 a.m.
4. When will Mr. Black get the result?
A. In several days.
B. Immediately.
C. The day after tomorrow.
5. What will be sent to the pathology laboratory?
A. Blood sample
B. Gastric fluid sample.
C. Biopsy sample.
Script
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 2
P: Dr. Wang advised me to have a gastroscopy tomorrow. I’m a little scared.
N: You don’t need to be nervous. The endoscope is very thin and flexible. It is just
as thick as a little finger and easy to swallow.
P: I see. Thank you! Well, what should I do before that?
N: Do not smoke. And what’s more, you should not eat anything for at least six
hours before the test. The stomach needs to be empty.
P: Not even water?
N: You can take small sips up to two hours before the test.
P: Okay. When shall I come tomorrow?
N: I’ll make an appointment for you at once. What about eight o’clock in the
morning?
P: Fine, I will be here on time. Can I get the result soon after the test?
N: I’m afraid you could not get it immediately because your biopsy sample will
then be sent to the pathology laboratory for testing. It might take several days.
P: All right, thank you for your help.
N: It’s my pleasure.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 3 Mr. Black is in the gastroscope room. Listen to the
conversation and fill in the blanks with what youcough
hear.
Nurse: Mr. Black, I’d like to know whether you____ today.
Mr. Black: Never.
preparations
Nurse: Fine. The gastroscopy usually takes about ten minutes. But now
we should make some _____ for it.
Sedative
Mr. Black: Okay, please tell me what to do.
['sedətɪv]
Nurse: I will give you a _____ by an injection to help
you relax.
general
Mr. Black: When it works, shall I fall asleep?
Nurse: No, it can only make you drowsy. It’s not a _____ anesthetic.
Mr. Black: Will I feel intense pain during the test?
local
Nurse: No, the doctor
will numb the back of your throat by spraying on
some _____ anesthetic. You may just feel a little uncomfortable,
endoscope
particularly when you first swallow the _____ .
biopsies
Mr. Black: I see. Thank you.
Nurse: By the way, the doctor may take one or more _____ in the testing
process. But don’t worry. That is painless.
Mr. Black: Alright, I will try to cooperate.
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Task 4
Where is XXX heading for?
Diagnose ['daɪəgnəʊz) v.诊断
Malignant [mə'lɪgnənt] tumor 恶性肿瘤
Benign [bɪ‘naɪn] a.良性的
The Pathology Department
Pessimistic[,pesɪ'mɪstɪk] a. 悲观的
Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 4 Listen to the conversation between Mrs. Black and the nurse
and answer the following questions.
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
________________________________________________
Outside the gastroscope room.
2. How does the gastroscopy come along?
It’s going on smoothly.
________________________________________________
3. Where is the nurse heading for?
She is heading for the Pathology Department.
________________________________________________
4. Has Mr. Black been diagnosed with malignant tumor?
Not yet. The doctor has to wait for the biopsy result.
________________________________________________
5. When will the biopsy result come out?
Usually within five days.
________________________________________________
Script
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Listening
Task 4
Mrs. Black: How about the gastroscopy?
N: It’s going on smoothly. There is nothing to worry about.
Mrs. Black: When will the test be completed?
N: It’s almost done. Now I’m about to send the sample to the Pathology
Department for biopsy.
Mrs. Black: Is it a malignant tumor? Please tell me the truth.
N: We can’t make sure until the biopsy result comes out. But please don’t be so
pessimistic. It still stands a great chance of being benign.
Mrs. Black: Thank you for saying so.
N: That’s all right.
Mrs. Black: When will the result come out?
N: Usually within five days. We will inform you whenever we get it. But I’m
afraid I have to leave now.
Mrs. Black: Okay. Thanks a lot.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 1 Work in Pairs. Make a conversation about drawing blood
between a nurse and a patient. Practice using imperative
sentences given below.
Sample
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 1
Sample Dialog
N: Mr. Black, let me take some blood from your arm now. Please take off your
coat and roll up your sleeves.
P: Left arm?
N: Okay. I will tie the tourniquet to the arm. You might feel a little tight, but it
will last for only a short while. Please clench your fist. It can help make your
veins stand out clearly.
P: I see. Is that right?
N: Yeah, I’m going to sterilize the skin. Be relaxed!
I will be really careful. Don’t move.
P: Alright.
N: I’ve finished. Please open your hand. Press here with this cotton swab for a
while. You could fetch the report with this card in the afternoon.
P: Thank you very much.
N: You’re welcome.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 2 Work in Pairs. Follow the instructions below and make up a
conversation about gastroscopy preparation.
Patient
Show anxiety about the test.
Inquire about the preparation
for the gastroscopy.
Nurse
Comfort the patient and describe
the features of endoscope.
Provide the patient with necessary
information about the preparation.
Fix a time for tomorrow’s test.
Help to make an appointment for the test.
Ask about the time for the
result coming out.
Explain that the biopsy will
take several days.
Sample
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 2
Sample Dialog
P: Miss, I’m a little anxious.
N: You don’t need to be nervous. The endoscope is very thin and flexible. It is just
as thick as a little finger and easy to swallow.
P: I see. Well, what should I do before that?
N: Do not smoke. And what’s more, you should not eat anything for at least six
hours before the test. The stomach needs to be empty.
P: Not even water?
N: You may take small sips up to two hours before the test.
P: Okay. When shall I come tomorrow?
N: I’ll make an appointment for you at once. What about eight o’clock in the
morning?
P: Fine, I will be here on time. Can I get the result soon after the test?
N: I’m afraid you could not get it immediately because your biopsy sample will
then be sent to the pathology laboratory for testing. It might take several days.
P: All right, thank you for your help.
N: Not at all.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 3 Work in Pairs. A nurse is talking about the procedure of
gastroscopy with a patient. Role-play it according to the
instructions below.
Sample
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 3
Sample Dialog
N: Good morning, Jack. Do you cough today?
P: Never. How long will the gastroscopy last?
N: About ten minutes. Now I’m about to give you a sedative by an injection to
help you relax.
P: When it works, shall I fall asleep?
N: No, it can only make you drowsy.
P: Will I feel intense pain during the test?
N: No, the doctor will numb the back of your throat by spraying on some local
anesthetic.
P: So I will feel nothing about it?
N: Just a little uncomfortable, particularly when you first swallow the
endoscope.
P: I see. Thank you.
N: By the way, the doctor may take one or more biopsies in the testing process.
But don’t worry. That is painless.
P: Alright, I will try to cooperate.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 4 Work in Pairs. Practice comforting the patients and their relatives
with the reference of the expressions given below.
You don’t need to be nervous.
You are in good hands.
Never mind. /It doesn’t matter.
Don’t worry. /There is nothing to worry about.
Don’t be so pessimistic.
You will recover soon.
Many cases worse than this turned out to be hopeful.
It stands a great chance of being benign.
Sample
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Speaking
Task 4
Sample Dialog
Mrs. Black: Miss! How about the gastroscopy?
Nurse: There is nothing to worry about. Your husband is in good hands.
I’m about to send the sample to the Pathology Department for
biopsy.
Mrs. Black: Is it a malignant tumor? Please tell me the truth.
Nurse: We can’t make sure until the biopsy result comes out. But please
don’t be so pessimistic. Many cases worse than this turned out to
be hopeful.
Mrs. Black: Thank you for saying so.
Nurse: That’s all right.
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Reading B
Unit 2 Examination Process

View a Sample CBC
A complete blood count (CBC) is a calculation of the cellular makeup of blood. It measures the
concentration of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in the blood and aids in diagnosing
conditions and diseases such as malignancy, anemia, or blood clotting problems. The CBC is
typically reported in the format below, although different labs may use different formats.
Sample CBC Test
The sample CBC below shows that the patient’s white blood cells and red blood cells are low.
Test Results
White Blood Count
Red Blood Count
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Platelets
Polys (neutrophils)
Lymphs
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil
Polys (absolute)
Lymphs (absolute)
Monocytes (absolute)
Eos (absolute)
Basos (absolute)
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential
Result
Units
Reference Interval
3
1.5 L
x 10 /mm3
5.0-10.0
6
3.50 L
x 10 /mm3
4.1-5.3
10.8 L
g/dl
12.0-18.0
31.1 L
%
37.0-52.0
3
302
x 10 /mm3
150-400
23 L
%
45-76
68 H
%
17-44
7
%
3-10
2
%
0-4
0.6
%
0.2
3 .4L
x 103/mm3
1.8-7.8
3
1.0
x 10 /mm3
0.7-4.5
3
0.1
x 10 /mm3
0.1-1.0
3
0.1
x 10 /mm3
0.0-0.4
0.0
x 103/mm3
0.0-0.2
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B


Understanding the Chart
Result: The “Result” column shows the counts. The “L” or “H” after the count
shows whether the counts are lower (“L”) or higher (“H”) than the normal range.

Reference Interval (or Reference Range): The “Reference Interval” column
shows the normal range for each measurement for the lab performing the test. Note
that reference intervals may vary slightly among different laboratories.

White Blood Cells: The complete blood count (CBC) report shows that the
patient’s total white blood cell count (WBC) is 1.5, which is lower than the normal
range of 5.0-10.0. The low WBC count (leukopenia) may point toward autoimmune
diseases, such as lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, bone marrow
problem, disease of the liver or spleen, or related to some medications, such as
chemotherapy.

Red Blood Cells: The report shows that the patient has a red blood cell count of
3.50, which is lower than the normal range of 4.1-5.3. The low red blood cell count
may suggest anemia, which can have many causes. Possible causes include
autoimmune diseases, bone marrow failure, leukemia, malnutrition, heavy
menstrual bleeding, stomach ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, or some tumors.
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B

Hemoglobin: The report indicates that the patient’s Hb count is 10.8, which is
below the normal range of 12.0-18.0. Low hemoglobin values may indicate anemia,
or blood loss.

Hematocrit: Hematocrit is also low. This means that the patient has mild anemia
and may be starting to notice symptoms.

Platelets: The report indicates that the platelet count for this patient is normal.

Differential: also known as white blood cell (WBC) differential count. This
portion of the report shows the counts for the five main types of white blood cells,
either as percentages (the first five counts) or as the absolute number of cells (the
second five counts). Such information helps the doctor monitor patients with
allergies and determine how a patient is recovering from an illness or responding to
therapy.
Translation
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B
如何看懂全血细胞计数化验单
全血细胞计数计算血液细胞成分。它测量单位体积内白细胞、红细胞以及
血小板等的浓度，有助于诊断恶性肿瘤、贫血、血栓等病情。尽管各检验部门
对全血细胞计数的检验结果可能采用不同的报告格式，但常用如下格式：
全血细胞计数检验样例
下述全血细胞计数检验结果显示患者的白细胞数和红细胞数均偏低。
全血细胞计数化验单
项目名称
白细胞计数
红细胞计数
血红蛋白浓度
血球容积比
血小板计数
中性粒细胞比率
淋巴细胞比率
单核细胞比率
嗜酸性粒细胞比率
嗜碱性粒细胞比率
中性粒细胞计数
淋巴细胞计数
单核细胞计数
嗜酸性粒细胞计数
嗜碱性粒细胞计数
检查结果
1.5 L
3.50 L
10.8 L
31.1 L
302
23 L
68 H
7
2
0.6
3.4 L
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
单位
× 103/mm3
× 106/mm3
g/dl
%
× 103/mm3
%
%
%
%
%
× 103/mm3
× 103/mm3
× 103/mm3
× 103/mm3
× 103/mm3
参考范围
5.0-10.0
4.1-5.3
12.0-18.0
37.0-52.0
150-400
45-76
17-44
3-10
0-4
0.2
1.8-7.8
0.7-4.5
0.1-1.0
0.0-0.4
0.0-0.2
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B
读懂化验单
检验结果：“检验结果”栏显示计数。计数后的“L”或“H”显示数量是低于或
高于正常值范围。
参考范围：“参考范围”栏显示进行该检验的相关部门所设定的每一项检验结
果的正常值范围。注意参考值范围在不同的实验室之间会略有差异。
白细胞：全血细胞计数化验结果显示该患者的白细胞计数为1.5，低于5.0-10.0的
正常值范围。低白细胞计数（白血球减少症）可提示自身免疫性疾病，如红斑
狼疮或风湿性关节炎、骨髓疾病、肝脾疾病，或与一些药物治疗有关，如化疗。
红细胞：化验结果显示该患者的红细胞计数为3.50，低于4.1-5.3的正常值范围。
低红细胞计数提示患者可能患有贫血。致病的原因有很多，包括自身免疫性疾
病、骨髓造血障碍、白血病、营养不良、月经大量出血、胃溃疡、肠炎或某些
肿瘤。
血红蛋白浓度：化验结果显示该患者的血红蛋白浓度为10.8，低于12.0-18.0的正
常值范围。低血红蛋白浓度值可能表明贫血或失血。
血球容积比：血球容积比也较低。这意味着患者有轻微贫血并且应该开始注意
到相应症状。
血小板：化验结果显示该患者的血小板计数正常。
分类计数：也被称为白细胞分类计数。这部分检验报告显示五种主要类型白细
胞所占的百分比（前五项计数）和绝对数值（后五项计数）。这些信息有助于
医生监控过敏症状患者，明确患者的康复情况或患者对治疗的反应。 < Back
Unit 2 Examination Process
makeup
n. a particular combination of people or things that form a group
e.g. It also introduced the makeup of the lecturers’ team at the same time.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
malnutrition
n. a state of poor nutrition resulting from insufficient or
excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb
foods
e.g. A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.
tumor
n. an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
e.g. A benign tumor will not cause you any fatal harm.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B
Task 1 Read the passage and decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F).
T
F
F
T
1. CBC is a calculation of the cellular makeup of blood.
2. Different labs use the same format to report CBC.
3. The normal range of WBC is 6.0-12.0.
4. The report shows that the patient has a red blood cell count lower than
the normal range.
F 5. Low hemoglobin values may indicate disease of the liver or spleen.
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B
Task 2 Match the following terms with their Chinese meanings.
c
b
d
e
a
1. reference interval
2. stomach ulcer
3. bone marrow failure
4. rheumatoid arthritis
5. leukopenia
a. 白血球减少症
b. 胃溃疡
c. 参考范围
d. 骨髓衰竭
e. 风湿性关节炎
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Reading B
Task 3 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three
types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and
platelets (thrombocytes). Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the
presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the
most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they can provide an
overview of a patient’s general health status. A CBC is routinely performed
during annual physical examinations in some jurisdictions.
在血流之中循环的细胞通常分为三类：白细胞、红细胞和血小板。计数结
_______________________________________________________________
果异常增高或降低可能表示存在许多种疾病，可以提供关于病人总体健康
_______________________________________________________________
状况的信息，因此全血细胞计数属于医学领域中最为常见的血液检验项目
_______________________________________________________________
之一。在有些地方，年度常规体检当中就包括CBC。
_______________________________________________________________
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Writing
Task 1 A memo is generally made up of three parts: Introduction,
Body and Conclusion. It needs to be brief, to the point and
clear. Read the following sample memo and learn about
how it is organized.
A Sample Memo
TO: (person or group to whom the memo is addressed)
FROM: (person or group sending the memo)
DATE: (current date-month/date/year
SUBJECT: (what the memo is about, this should be in bold )
First Sentence:
Reason for the memo
e.g. I would like to remind you that...
Second Sentence - Main Body:
Any Instructions or information
Closing Sentence:
What is required of the readers
e.g. confirmation, answers or feedback
Please share this announcement with co-workers immediately.
Sample
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Writing
Objective: Ss can correctly write a memorandum.
Steps:
▲Ss read Writing Task 1.
▲Ss discuss in small groups to list points that should be included in the memorandum.
▲Ss work on the task individually.
▲Give help if needed.
▲Comment briefly.
A Sample Memo
TO: (person or group to whom the memo is addressed)
FROM: (person or group sending the memo)
DATE: (current date-month/date/year)
SUBJECT: (what the memo is about, this should be in bold)
First Sentence:
Reason for the memo
e.g. I would like to remind you that...
Second Sentence-Main Body:
Any Instructions or Information
Closing Sentence:
What is required of the readers
e.g. confirmation, answers or feedback
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Please share this announcement with co-workers immediately.
Unit 2 Examination Process
Writing
Task 2 Suppose you are a clerk working in the family planning
office of a hospital. Please write a memo based on the
following information. Your memo should include the tips
given in Task 1.
Situation:
A summing-up meeting on the 2008 family planning work of the
hospital is to be held on April 25th, 2008. Besides, the 2008 family
planning work will be assigned at the meeting. Those who are in charge
of family planning work in all departments and offices are requested to
attend the meeting.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Task 2
Suggested Answers
A Memo
TO: Those who are in charge of family planning work in all departments and offices
FROM: Family Planning Office
DATE: April 21st, 2008
SUBJECT: Summing-up Meeting on the 2008 Family Planning Work
Dear Sir,
I would like to remind you that the Summing-up Meeting on the 2008 Family Planning
Work of our hospital is to be held at the multifunction hall on April 25th, 2008. And the
2008 family planning work will be assigned at the meeting.
Your presence is requested at the meeting. Please be there on time!
Sincerely yours,
Wang Li
Family Planning Office
Xinhua Hospital
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Project
Project Guidelines
This project aims to go through the whole process of measuring patient’s vital signs as an
essential part of the physical examination. The overall tasks are divided into three steps. Step
one looks at recording the temperature by a thermometer. Step two focuses on measuring the
blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer (血压计) . Step three is intended for taking the
patent’s pulse and giving a presentation.
Please follow the Task Description to complete your work.
Task Description
Step One
• Organize a small group with 4-6 students in your class;
• Divide the group into two sides: one side is the nurses; the other side the patients;
• Take turns to play each role to take the temperature of the patients with a
thermometer and record the results.
Step Two
• Measure the blood pressure of the patients using a sphygmomanometer;
• Record the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure;
• The two sides exchange their roles to take the blood pressure.
Step Three
Instruction
• Take turns to play each role to take the patents’ pulse;
• Compare the records and discuss the details to be paid attention to during the vital
signs measuring procedure, then give a presentation to the whole class. < Back
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Project
This project aims to go through the whole process of measuring patient’s vital signs as
an essential part of the physical examination. The students are supposed to be divided
into several groups then follow the three steps mentioned in the project.
As for the first step, let the students practice how to take a child’s temperature.
The best way to take a child’s temperature depends on his or her age and ability to
cooperate. Here are some questions for the students to discuss:
Which type of thermometer should you use?
Is an armpit temperature good enough?
Are the thermometer rules different for babies and older children?
During the second step, the students can measure their blood pressure in two different
manners if conditions permit. That is, using the cuff or by measuring it digitally. The cuff
is the most common way of measuring blood pressure. It is wrapped around your upper
arm and a tube connects the cuff to a reservoir of mercury at the bottom of a vertical
glass tube.
Digitally, there are two ways of measuring blood pressure. These are:
1) The auscultatory method
2) The oscillometric method
In the third step, ask the students to take pulse at multiple sites.
Equipment: Diagram of the body and a stethoscope may be helpful.
Safety: When taking the carotid pulse in the neck, be certain to take one side at a time!
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Vocabulary and Structure
Task 1 Match the following terms with their Chinese meanings.
b
d
c
f
g
h
e
a
1. blood clotting
2. heart rhythm
3. lung infection
4. liver function
5. metabolic disorder
6. autoimmune disease
7. brain injury
8. white blood cell
a. 白细胞
b. 血栓
c. 肺部感染
d. 心律
e. 脑损伤
f. 肝功能
g. 代谢紊乱
h. 自体免疫疾病
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Vocabulary and Structure
 Task 2 Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from Reading A and
Reading B that match the meaning in the right column. The first
letters are already given.
c___
ount
s___
ign
the total number counted
(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of
a disorder or disease
m___
of or relating to metabolism
etabolic
t___
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells
issue
having a similar structure and function
i___
nflammation a response of body tissues to injury or irritation
characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat
i___
a visual representation (of an object or scene or person
mage
or abstraction) produced on a surface
hythm
r___
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs
h___
the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with
eartbeat
each beat of the heart
p___
rovide…with sb. give something to somebody who needs it
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Vocabulary and Structure
 Task 3 Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the word given in
medical
metabolic
brackets.
1. The frontiers of (medicine)____ knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.
typical
2. The (metabolism)____ abnormalities were corrected and renal function remained normal.
3. Will you please recommend some (typical)____ Chinese dishes to the foreign guest here?
4. Some women experience morning sickness during the first three months of (pregnant)
visibility
______. pregnancy
5. Dense fog is covering roads in the north and (visible)_____ is very poor.
6. Modern machines, (range) ____from TV to computers, can do various types of work for
reference
refer to
ranging
man.
7. Dictionaries and encyclopedias are (refer) _______books. You may (refer)_____ them
while reading or writing. consulting
8. A (consult)_____ room is a place in the OPD where a doctor sees his patients.
Immunity
9. (immune)_____ can be
acquired by having had the disease or by the use of vaccines.
10. The illness was (diagnose)______ as mumps (腮腺炎).
diagnosed
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Vocabulary and Structure
 Task 4 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases given
below. Change the form if necessary.
Perform
recover
evaluate
measure
find out
aid
ultrasound
respond
interpret
determine
1. Fatty liver is an abnormal finding frequently seen in abdominal _____scans of
ultrasound
performed
middle-aged
people.
Find
out
2. Their football team ______very well in the match the day before yesterday. evaluate
3. _____your own comfortable rhythm of living and stick to it.
measures
4. The school has only been open for six months, so it’s too early to _____its success.
interpret
recovered
5. Americans abroad
sometimes find local eye behaviors hard to _______.
6. The government was urged to take______ to combat the spread of AIDS.
respond
7. He’s now fully______ from his stroke.
8. He failed to ______to the treatment.
determine
9. Goals ______what you’re going to be.
10. A first ______kit should be brought along for emergency purpose.
aid
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Unit 2 Examination Process
Vocabulary and Structure
 Task 5 Translate the following sentences into English using the words or
phrases given in brackets.
1. Those who are in their forties are required to ________________________
(于今天下午进行体检). (physical examination)
2. Coffee and tea may reduce _________________（肝脏严重受损的风险）in
people who drink alcohol too much. (liver damage)
3. My boss _____________（心脏病发作，正在恢复中）. (recover from)
4. The local community_________________ （协助我们调查）. (aid in)
5. An animal can _____________（对病毒感染有各种各样的反应，包括发烧、
分泌干扰素、由免疫系统发动攻击等）.（respond to）
1. have a physical examination
this afternoon
3. is recovering from a heart attack
2. the risk of serious liver damage
4. aided us in our investigation
5. respond to a viral infection in various ways, including fever,
secretion of interferon, and attack by the immune system
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Vocabulary and Structure
 Task 6 Prefix “gastr(o)-”: 多用于名词和形容词前，表示胃，胃的
Example:
gastroanastomosis 胃吻合术
gastrocamera 胃内照相机
gastroduodenoscope 胃十二指肠镜
Complete the sentences with the words given below.
gastroxia
gastroptosis gastrectomy gastrocamera gastrointestinal
gastrectomy
gastroptosis
1. Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach is called ________.
gastrointestinal
2. Loosening the belt after a meal is apt to cause_________ .
3. If blood is found in fecal examination, the patient may suffer from _____bleeding.
4. Physicians may diagnose
stomach ulcer, stomach tumor and some other diseases by the
gastrocamera
use of a ________.
5. Patients suffering from________ may have a heartburn stomachache, which
gets worse when having spicy or sour foods.
gastroxia
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Thank You!
深圳职业技术学院应用外国语学院