Cognitive screening Instruments
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Transcript Cognitive screening Instruments
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
If patient changes suddenly ….
Search for occult infection, e.g., urinary tract infection
(UTI)
Review medication list for potentially contributory
medications or potentially harmful interactions
Rule out drug or alcohol withdrawal
Support referrals to geriatrics, pharmacy, internal
medicine
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Case Study
Mrs. Smith is a 91 years old lady admitted from R.H. with low back pain
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
History of presenting illness
sudden increase in low back pain 3 days ago;
unable to walk
new onset of urinary incontinence at home
GP started Lorazepam 1 mg Q HS 5 days ago
for poor sleep
confusion over 48 hours –disoriented to
time, not consistently recognizing family
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Course in the hospital
indwelling Foley catheter inserted
not sleeping well – she is awake during the night
and sleeping much of the day
takes pain medication regularly due to low back
pain
not drinking or eating much
stays in bed most of the day
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Past Medical History
Hypothyroidism
Dyslipidemia
Hearing loss
Macular degeneration
Hypertension
?TIA
Arthritis
Chronic Low Back Pain
Degenerative Disc Disease, Scoliosis
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Social History
Widowed, 3 children, 9 grandchildren
Retired teacher – grade school and ESL
Enjoys listening to music, attending socials and
visiting with families
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Baseline Function
Walks with walker independently to D/Room
Toilets independently; no history of incontinence
Assisted with bath 2 x per week
1 year history of short term memory loss, repeats
stories, forgets family visits
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Investigations
X Ray spine: no obvious fracture except for possibly a
displaced right transverse process fracture of L3
Urine C & S: result pending
CT Head: mild cerebral atrophy, moderate ischemic
change in the white matter, no acute infarct or
intracranial hemorrhage
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Blood work
Lab Findings
Normal Range
urea 11.2
3.0-6.5 mmol/L
Creat 115
60-115 umol/L
TSH 18
12-22 pmol/L
WBC 13,3
4.0 – 11.0 x 10 9/L
Hgb 130
130-180 g/L
Albumin 23
35 - 50 g/L
Medications
Aspirin 81 mg OD
Lorazepam 1 mg Q HS
Baclofen 10 mg TID
Levothyroxine 0.125 mg OD
Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg OD
Lipitor 20 mg OD
Fosinopril 20 mg OD
Colace 100mg BID
Senokot 2 tabs Q HS
Tylenol # 3 1-2 Q 4 H PRN
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
What are Mrs. Smith’s risk factors for
delirium and functional decline?
a) Age
o True
o False
b) ADL impairment
o True
o False
c) Dehydration
o True
o False
d) Vision impairment
o True
o False
d) Hearing Impairment
o True
o False
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
What medications could contribute to her
confusion?
a) Baclofen 10 mg TID
o True
o False
b) Levothyroxine 0.125 mg OD
oTrue
o False
c)Lorazepam 1 mg Q HS
oTrue
o False
d) Tylenol # 3 1-2 Q 4 H PRN
oTrue
o False
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Based on the clinical presentation and blood work what would you suspect as
the most likely cause of Mrs. Smith’s cognitive and functional decline?
a) Displaced right transverse process fracture of L3
o True
o False
b) Arthritis flare up
o True
o False
c) Urinary Tract Infection
o True
o False
d) Hypothyroidism
o True
o False
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Based on Mrs. Smith’s history and her current clinical
presentation she is most likely experiencing…
a) Delirium
o True
o False
b) Dementia
o True
o False
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
Distinguishing Delirium from Dementia
Delirium
Dementia
Onset
Hrs – days
Months
Fluctuations
Within a day
Within days
Attention
Impaired
Not until Severe
Disorganized thinking
Usually present
Memory Impairment
Level of Consciousness
Often impaired
Not until Severe
Adapted from Rudolph, J.L, Marcantonio, E.R.,
Geriatrics & Aging 2003: 6(10): 14 – 19.
I WATCH DEATH
I - Infections
W - Withdrawal
A – Acute Metabolic
T – Toxins
C – CNS Pathology
H – Hypoxia
D – Deficiencies
E – Endocrine
A – Acute Vascular
T – Trauma
H – Heavy Metals
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
HELP CNS Assessment
Cognitive Assessment
SMMSE
Mini-Cog
Confusion Assessment
Method
Digit Span Test
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
HELP CNS Assessment
Functional Assessment
Mobility status
Fall’s risk
Continence
Emotional Health
Discharge barriers
Nutritional status
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
HELP Interventions
Mrs. Smith
Delirium Protocol (suggest to
D/C Lorazepam, Tylenol #3,
Baclofen; routine urinalysis done
on admission )
Recommend more blood work(
B12, calcium, glucose, lytes)
Early mobilization Protocol
Fluid Repletion protocol
Vision protocol
Hearing Protocol
Referrals to OT, PT, SW, RD,
Geriatrician
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH
HELP Interventions
Mrs. Smith
Remove catheter, check for
voiding
Check for constipation
Regular Pain Assessment
Sleep Enhancement
Protocols
Discharge Planning
The Hospital Elder Life Program © 2000, Sharon
K. Inouye, MD, MPH