Transcript Mac OS X 10.2

• ODBC
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ODBC
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In computing, 'ODBC' ('Open Database
Connectivity') is a standard
programming language middleware
application programming interface|API
for accessing database management
systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC
aimed to make it independent of
database systems and Operating
Systems; an application written using
ODBC can be ported to other platforms,
both on the client and server side, with
few changes to the data access code.
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ODBC
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Any ODBC-compliant application can access
any DBMS for which a driver is installed
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ODBC
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The CLI remains similar to ODBC, and
applications can be ported from one
platform to the other with few changes.
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ODBC - Early efforts
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1, 69 Unlike the later ODBC, Blueprint
was a purely code-based system,
lacking anything approximating a
command language like SQL
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ODBC - SAG and CLI
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A proposed standard was released in
December 1991, and industry input was
gathered and worked into the system
through 1992, resulting in yet another
name change to 'ODBC'.
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ODBC - Release and continued development
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Some of this was unavoidable due to
the path that the calls took through the
Jet-based stack; ODBC calls to SQL
databases were first converted from
SIMBA's SQL dialect to Jet's internal Cbased format, then passed to a driver
for conversion back into SQL calls for
the database
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ODBC - Release and continued development
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Circa 1993, OpenLink Software shipped one
of the first independently developed thirdparty ODBC drivers, for the PROGRESS
DBMS, and soon followed with their UDBC (a
cross-platform API equivalent of ODBC and
the SAG/CLI) SDK and associated drivers for
PROGRESS, Sybase, Oracle, and other
DBMS, for use on Unix-like OS (AIX, HP-UX,
Solaris, Linux, etc.), OpenVMS|VMS,
Windows NT, OS/2, and other OS.
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ODBC - Release and continued development
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The two systems remain similar, and many
applications can be ported from ODBC to
CLI with few or no changes., InfoSphere
Classic documentation, IBM, 26
September 2008
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ODBC - Release and continued development
Several new systems followed which
further turned their attention from ODBC,
including Jet Data Access Objects|DAO,
ActiveX Data Objects|ADO and ADO.net,
which interacted more or less with ODBC
over their lifetimes.
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ODBC - Release and continued development
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The later adoption of ODBC by Apple
for using the standard Unix-side
iODBC package Mac OS X 10.2|Mac
OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) (which OpenLink
Software had been independently
providing for Mac OS X 10.0 and even
Mac OS 9 since 2001) further
cemented ODBC as the standard for
cross-platform data access.
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ODBC - Release and continued development
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Inversely, ODBC-to-JDBC bridges allow Cbased programs to access data sources
through JDBC drivers on platforms or from
databases lacking suitable ODBC drivers.
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ODBC - ODBC today
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ODBC remains largely universal today,
with drivers available for most
platforms and most databases. It is not
uncommon to find ODBC drivers for
database engines that are meant to be
embedded, like SQLite, as a way to
allow existing tools to act as front-ends
to these engines for testing and
debugging.Christian Werner,
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ODBC - ODBC today
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The virtualization that ODBC offers is no
longer a strong requirement, and
development of ODBC is no longer as
active as it once was.
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ODBC - Version history
* 3.0: ca 1995, John Goodson of
Intersolv and Frank Pellow and Paul
Cotton of IBM provided significant
input to ODBC 3.0Microsoft
Corporation. Microsoft ODBC 3.0
Programmer's Reference and SDK
Guide, Volume 1. Microsoft Press.
February 1997. (ISBN13:
9781572315167)
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ODBC - Drivers
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ODBC is based on the device driver model,
where the driver encapsulates the logic
needed to convert a standard set of
commands and functions into the specific
calls required by the underlying system. For
instance, a printer driver presents a standard
set of printing commands, the API, to
applications using the printing system. Calls
made to those APIs are converted by the
driver into the format used by the actual
hardware, say PostScript or Printer
Command Language|PCL.
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ODBC - Drivers
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Finally, another set of commands, mostly
used internally, is used to convert data
from the DBMS's internal formats to a set
of standardized ODBC formats, which are
based on the C language formats.
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ODBC - Drivers
Because different technologies have
different capabilities, most ODBC drivers
do not implement all functionality defined
in the ODBC standard
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ODBC - Driver Manager
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In ODBC the Driver Manager (DM)
provides these features. The DM can
enumerate the installed drivers and
present this as a list, often in a GUIbased form.
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ODBC - Driver Manager
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But more important to the operation of
the ODBC system is the DM's concept
of 'Data Source Name's, or 'DSN'
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ODBC - Driver Manager
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When an ODBC application attempts to
connect to the DBMS using this DSN, the
system will pause and ask the user to
provide the password before continuing
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ODBC - ODBC-to-JDBC (or simply ODBC-JDBC) bridges
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An ODBC-JDBC bridge consists of an
'ODBC' driver which uses the services
of a JDBC driver#Type 1 Driver - JDBCODBC bridge|JDBC driver to connect to
a database. This driver translates
ODBC function-calls into JDBC
method-calls. Programmers usually use
such a bridge when they lack an ODBC
driver for a particular database but
have access to a JDBC driver.
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ODBC - JDBC-to-ODBC (or simply JDBC-ODBC) bridges
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independent data-access vendors deliver
JDBC-ODBC bridges which support
current standards for both mechanisms,
and which far outperform the JVM built-in.
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ODBC - OLE DB-to-ODBC bridges
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Third parties have also developed such,
notably OpenLink Software whose 64-bit
OLE DB Provider for ODBC Data Sources
filled the gap when Microsoft initially
deprecated this bridge for their 64-bit
OS.Microsoft, Data Access Technologies
Road Map, Deprecated MDAC
Components, Microsoft , retrieved July 30,
2005
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ODBC - ADO.NET-to-ODBC bridges
This provider translates ADO.NET Method
(computer science)|method calls into ODBC function
calls
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Open Database Connectivity - OLE DB-to-ODBC bridges
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Third parties have also developed such,
notably OpenLink Software whose 64-bit
OLE DB Provider for ODBC Data Sources
filled the gap when Microsoft initially
deprecated this bridge for their 64-bit
OS.Microsoft, Data Access Technologies
Road Map, Deprecated MDAC
Components, Microsoft [
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/def
ault.asp?url=/library/enus/ado270/htm/mdrefodbcprovspec.asp
ADO Programmer's Guide Appendix A:
Providers, Microsoft OLE DB Provider
for ODBC], retrieved July 30, 2005
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FileMaker - SQL and ODBC Support
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This requires installation of the SQL database
ODBC driver to connect to a SQL database
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MyODBC
'MyODBC' is an ODBC interface and
allows programming languages that
support the ODBC Interface (computer
science)|interface to communicate with a
MySQL database.
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MyODBC
The official name is 'Connector/ODBC'
which designates the MySQL AB product
family of MySQL ODBC drivers. These are
known as the MyODBC drivers.
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Microsoft Data Access Components - ODBC
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ODBC allows programs to use SQL
requests that will access databases
without having to know the proprietary
interfaces to the databases
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Microsoft Data Access Components - MSDASQL and Oracle ODBC
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The Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC,
or MSDASQL, was an OLE DB provider
for allowing ActiveX Data Objects access
to databases via any ODBC driver.
Microsoft supplied several OLE-DB
providers (for the Indexing Service, Active
Directory, Jet, SQL Server, Oracle
(MSDAORA
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Microsoft Data Access Components - MSDASQL and Oracle ODBC
and Internet Publishing), however
unless otherwise directed, ADO
defaulted to using MSDASQL as the
default provider. After MDAC 2.5 both
the Oracle ODBC driver and MSDASQL
supported Oracle 7 and partially
supported Oracle 8i. Features that were
not supported were:
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Microsoft Data Access Components - MSDASQL and Oracle ODBC
Microsoft initially deprecated the
MSDASQL component for their 64-bit
Operating SystemsMicrosoft, Data
Access Technologies Road Map,
Deprecated MDAC Components,
Microsoft [
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/d
efault.asp?url=/library/enus/ado270/htm/mdrefodbcprovspec.a
sp ADO Programmer's Guide
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Microsoft Data Access Components - MSDASQL and Oracle ODBC
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and the Microsoft Oracle ODBC driver was
later superseded by a .NET Managed
Oracle Provider, which supported Oracle
9i.
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Microsoft Data Access Components - MSDASQL and Oracle ODBC
Microsoft, MS KB article 244661: [
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q24
4661/ INFO: Limitations of Microsoft
Oracle ODBC Driver and OLEDB
Provider], last reviewed August 25,
2004, retrieved August 4, 2005.
However, Windows Server 2008 and
Windows Vista SP1 ship with a 64-bit
version of MSDASQL.
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Data Access Objects - ODBCDirect
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The ODBC connection objects consist of
QueryDef objects and recordset objects.
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ODBC Administrator
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'ODBC Administrator' is a utility in the Mac OS X
operating system for administering ODBC.
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ODBC Administrator
1
Enables database administration of
ODBC-compliant data sources. Apple
stopped including the ODBC
Administrator with Mac OS X starting
with the release of Mac OS X Snow
Leopard.
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ODBC Administrator
1
Features include connection pooling,
trace log creation, and ODBC driver
management, among other
administration features.
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JDBC driver - Type 1 Driver - JDBC-ODBC bridge
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The JDBC type 1 driver, also known as the
'JDBC-ODBC bridge', is a database driver
implementation that employs the ODBC
driver to connect to the database. The
driver converts JDBC method calls into
ODBC function calls.
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JDBC driver - Type 1 Driver - JDBC-ODBC bridge
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Type 1 drivers also don't support the
complete Java command set and are
limited by the functionality of the ODBC
driver.
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JDBC driver - Type 1 Driver - JDBC-ODBC bridge
Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge
driver: sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver.
This driver is native code and not Java,
and is closed source.
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JDBC driver - Type 1 Driver - JDBC-ODBC bridge
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It may sometimes be the case that more than
one JDBC driver is capable of connecting to
a given URL. For example, when connecting
to a given remote database, it might be
possible to use a JDBC-ODBC bridge driver,
a JDBC-to-generic-network-protocol driver, or
a driver supplied by the database vendor. In
such cases, the order in which the drivers are
tested is significant because the
DriverManager will use the first driver it finds
that can successfully connect to the given
URL.
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