Transcript Bootcamp

Adam Manko, M.D.
PGY-3 Internal Medicine
University Hospitals Case Medical Center
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Sepsis – Definition
Initial Management
Medications
Mechanical Ventilation - Briefly
What Your Senior Expects From You
Summary
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69 y/o Male presented to ER with shortness
of breath.
VS 38.3 88/46 114 28 86%
He is placed onto 50% ventimask, but
continues to have low oxygen saturation and
is intubated in the ER.
He is given 2L of NS and repeat BP is 92/44
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The Patient arrives in the MICU…..what do
you do next?
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Sepsis is a continuum…..
SIRS
Sepsis
Severe Sepsis
Septic Shock
Refractory Septic Shock
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
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SIRS Criteria
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Temperature >38.3 (or >38.0 for 1 hour) or <36.0
WBC >12k or <4k, or >10% bandemia
RR >20, or paCO2 <32mmHg
HR >90
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Sepsis = SIRS + suspected infection
◦ Does not have to be culture proven infection to
begin treatment for Sepsis
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Severe sepsis = sepsis + and signs of at least one
organ dysfunction thought to be from tissue
hypoperfusion
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Hypotension
Elevated lactate
Urine output <0.5ml/kg
Acute Lung Injury with PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <250
ARDS
Acute Renal Failure
Elevated bilirubin
Platelet Count <100,000
Coagulopathy with INR >1.5
Altered Mental Status
Abnormal EEG findings
Cardiac Dysfunction
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“Early Goal Directed Therapy”
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Goal SBP >90
Goal MAP >65
Goal Hemoglobin 7-9
Goal urine output >0.5ml/kg/hr
Goal normalized serum lactate
Goal Mixed Venous >70%
Central Venous >65%
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Goal SBP >90, MAP >65, Hgb 7-9
IVF bolus with NS
What if you give IVF and remains hypotensive?
◦ Need to check a CVP!!!
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CVP
◦ = Central Venous Pressure
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What is the utility of a CVP
◦ Estimates the Right Atrial Pressure
◦ What is a Normal Right Atrial Pressure
 <6
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Place a CVC = Central Venous Catheter
Locations include
◦ Internal Jugular
◦ Subclavian
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CVP >8
If intubated, CVP >12
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What if still hypotensive but at goal CVP?
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Norepinephrine
◦ First Line pressor (preferred agent over dopamine
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(NEJM 2010 Comparison of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in the Treatment of Shock)
◦ Mainly A1, some B1
◦ Dosing in mcg/min
 Typically uptitrate to max of ~30 mcg/min
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Vasopressin
◦ Second line pressor
◦ Entirely V1
 Can be titrated, however we typically turn it “on or off”
at dose of 0.04 U/min
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Phenylephrine
◦ Weaker pressor, A1 activity
◦ Less arrhythmogenic
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Dopamine
◦ Dose dependent
◦ Low dose 1-3mcg/kg/min = “renal” dosing, almost
all D1
◦ Medium dose 3-10mcg/kg/min = B1 and D1
◦ High Dose >10mcg/kg/min = “pressor” dosing
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Epinephrine
◦ “king of pressors”
◦ Used as last line pressor at our institution
◦ Side effect includes increased risk of intestinal
ischemia
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Pressor photo
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Mixed Venous >70
◦ Mixed venous taken from a swan-ganz catheter
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Central Venous >65%
◦ Taken from Central Line in the SVC
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High Venous saturation with unclear utility
Low Venous saturation means increased
extraction peripherally
How to increase mixed venous saturation,
you have 2 option
◦ Increase hematocrit
◦ Increase cardiac output
 Dobutamine
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Consider when refractory hypotension
◦ when you are adding 2nd pressor, think of adding
steroids!!
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No longer recommended to do ACTH stim or
random cortisol
Empirically add hydrocortisone, dose 50mg
q6h
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Antibiotics within 1 hour
Typically vancomycin and zosyn are first line
agents if unclear of source
Start broad and narrow when source
identified
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ABX photo from UH guide
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Maintain tight blood glucose control with goal
140-180
If unable to manage easily (you get 2 tries
with SQ insulin) then start on insulin gtt
Protocol driven by nursing
◦ FYI this is different than the DKA protocol
◦ (2010 NEJM – Glycemic Control in the ICU)
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DVT
◦ If no contra-indications….
 Heparin SQ preferred agent
◦ If contraindications
 SCDs and TED hose
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Stress Ulcer
◦ PPI or H2 blocker
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Protective Lung Ventilation Strategy
ARDSnet protocol
◦ Low tidal volumes
 6ml/kg of IBW
◦ PEEP
◦ Goal plateau pressure <30
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(2007 NEJM - Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
(2000 NEJM – Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung
Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
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ARDS NET photo
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RRT = Renal Replacement Therapy
◦ HD = Hemodialysis
◦ UF = Ultrafiltration
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CRRT = Continuous Renal Replacement
Therapy
◦ CVVH = Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
◦ CVVHD = Continuous veno-venous hemodialysis
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A
◦ Acidosis
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E
◦ Electrolyte imbalance
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I
◦ Intoxication
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O
◦ Fluid Overload
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◦ Uremia
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Sedation
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Versed for anxiety
Fentanyl for pain
Haldol for agitation
Propofyl
Precedex
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Assess the patient!!
(Go into room, not
look in EMR first)
Labs
◦ CBC
◦ RFP
◦ LFTs
◦ Coag
◦ Type and Screen
◦ Lactate!!!
◦ In the right setting
 Troponin, amylase,
lipase, etc
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Microbiology
◦ Blood cultures x2
◦ UA and culture
◦ +/- sputum culture
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Imaging
◦ CXR, +/- KUB
◦ CT in right setting
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Check for Access
◦ Prep for CVC
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If hypotensive, need invasive hemodynamic
monitoring
◦ Central Line (CVC)
◦ Arterial Line
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Other
◦ HD Catheter?
◦ Introducer (Cordis)?
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Get us if you are uncomfortable in a situation,
aka the patient is very sick and crashing!!
STAY CALM!!!
Nurses are your friend or worst enemy, the
choice is yours!!
◦ They have taken care of more patients than you,
they often know what the next step is, use them as
a resource!!
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In Summary, the Goals of Sepsis are……
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69 y/o Male presented to ER with shortness
of breath.
VS 38.3 88/46 114 28 86%
He is placed onto 50% ventimask, but
continues to have low oxygen saturation and
is intubated in the ER.
He is given 2L of NS and repeat BP is 92/44

The Patient arrives in the MICU…..what do
you do next?
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Identify Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early
IVF
Early invasive hemodynamic monitoring
Goal endpoints
◦ Urine output, SBP, MAP, lactate, central venous sat,
CVP <8 or 12
◦ Pressors and Steroids
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Cultures and ABX
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Thank you!!!