Transcript Bootcamp
Adam Manko, M.D.
PGY-3 Internal Medicine
University Hospitals Case Medical Center
Sepsis – Definition
Initial Management
Medications
Mechanical Ventilation - Briefly
What Your Senior Expects From You
Summary
69 y/o Male presented to ER with shortness
of breath.
VS 38.3 88/46 114 28 86%
He is placed onto 50% ventimask, but
continues to have low oxygen saturation and
is intubated in the ER.
He is given 2L of NS and repeat BP is 92/44
The Patient arrives in the MICU…..what do
you do next?
Sepsis is a continuum…..
SIRS
Sepsis
Severe Sepsis
Septic Shock
Refractory Septic Shock
Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
SIRS Criteria
◦
◦
◦
◦
Temperature >38.3 (or >38.0 for 1 hour) or <36.0
WBC >12k or <4k, or >10% bandemia
RR >20, or paCO2 <32mmHg
HR >90
Sepsis = SIRS + suspected infection
◦ Does not have to be culture proven infection to
begin treatment for Sepsis
Severe sepsis = sepsis + and signs of at least one
organ dysfunction thought to be from tissue
hypoperfusion
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Hypotension
Elevated lactate
Urine output <0.5ml/kg
Acute Lung Injury with PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <250
ARDS
Acute Renal Failure
Elevated bilirubin
Platelet Count <100,000
Coagulopathy with INR >1.5
Altered Mental Status
Abnormal EEG findings
Cardiac Dysfunction
“Early Goal Directed Therapy”
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Goal SBP >90
Goal MAP >65
Goal Hemoglobin 7-9
Goal urine output >0.5ml/kg/hr
Goal normalized serum lactate
Goal Mixed Venous >70%
Central Venous >65%
Goal SBP >90, MAP >65, Hgb 7-9
IVF bolus with NS
What if you give IVF and remains hypotensive?
◦ Need to check a CVP!!!
CVP
◦ = Central Venous Pressure
What is the utility of a CVP
◦ Estimates the Right Atrial Pressure
◦ What is a Normal Right Atrial Pressure
<6
Place a CVC = Central Venous Catheter
Locations include
◦ Internal Jugular
◦ Subclavian
CVP >8
If intubated, CVP >12
What if still hypotensive but at goal CVP?
Norepinephrine
◦ First Line pressor (preferred agent over dopamine
(NEJM 2010 Comparison of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in the Treatment of Shock)
◦ Mainly A1, some B1
◦ Dosing in mcg/min
Typically uptitrate to max of ~30 mcg/min
Vasopressin
◦ Second line pressor
◦ Entirely V1
Can be titrated, however we typically turn it “on or off”
at dose of 0.04 U/min
Phenylephrine
◦ Weaker pressor, A1 activity
◦ Less arrhythmogenic
Dopamine
◦ Dose dependent
◦ Low dose 1-3mcg/kg/min = “renal” dosing, almost
all D1
◦ Medium dose 3-10mcg/kg/min = B1 and D1
◦ High Dose >10mcg/kg/min = “pressor” dosing
Epinephrine
◦ “king of pressors”
◦ Used as last line pressor at our institution
◦ Side effect includes increased risk of intestinal
ischemia
Pressor photo
Mixed Venous >70
◦ Mixed venous taken from a swan-ganz catheter
Central Venous >65%
◦ Taken from Central Line in the SVC
High Venous saturation with unclear utility
Low Venous saturation means increased
extraction peripherally
How to increase mixed venous saturation,
you have 2 option
◦ Increase hematocrit
◦ Increase cardiac output
Dobutamine
Consider when refractory hypotension
◦ when you are adding 2nd pressor, think of adding
steroids!!
No longer recommended to do ACTH stim or
random cortisol
Empirically add hydrocortisone, dose 50mg
q6h
Antibiotics within 1 hour
Typically vancomycin and zosyn are first line
agents if unclear of source
Start broad and narrow when source
identified
ABX photo from UH guide
Maintain tight blood glucose control with goal
140-180
If unable to manage easily (you get 2 tries
with SQ insulin) then start on insulin gtt
Protocol driven by nursing
◦ FYI this is different than the DKA protocol
◦ (2010 NEJM – Glycemic Control in the ICU)
DVT
◦ If no contra-indications….
Heparin SQ preferred agent
◦ If contraindications
SCDs and TED hose
Stress Ulcer
◦ PPI or H2 blocker
Protective Lung Ventilation Strategy
ARDSnet protocol
◦ Low tidal volumes
6ml/kg of IBW
◦ PEEP
◦ Goal plateau pressure <30
(2007 NEJM - Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
(2000 NEJM – Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung
Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
ARDS NET photo
RRT = Renal Replacement Therapy
◦ HD = Hemodialysis
◦ UF = Ultrafiltration
CRRT = Continuous Renal Replacement
Therapy
◦ CVVH = Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
◦ CVVHD = Continuous veno-venous hemodialysis
A
◦ Acidosis
E
◦ Electrolyte imbalance
I
◦ Intoxication
O
◦ Fluid Overload
U
◦ Uremia
Sedation
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Versed for anxiety
Fentanyl for pain
Haldol for agitation
Propofyl
Precedex
Assess the patient!!
(Go into room, not
look in EMR first)
Labs
◦ CBC
◦ RFP
◦ LFTs
◦ Coag
◦ Type and Screen
◦ Lactate!!!
◦ In the right setting
Troponin, amylase,
lipase, etc
Microbiology
◦ Blood cultures x2
◦ UA and culture
◦ +/- sputum culture
Imaging
◦ CXR, +/- KUB
◦ CT in right setting
Check for Access
◦ Prep for CVC
If hypotensive, need invasive hemodynamic
monitoring
◦ Central Line (CVC)
◦ Arterial Line
Other
◦ HD Catheter?
◦ Introducer (Cordis)?
Get us if you are uncomfortable in a situation,
aka the patient is very sick and crashing!!
STAY CALM!!!
Nurses are your friend or worst enemy, the
choice is yours!!
◦ They have taken care of more patients than you,
they often know what the next step is, use them as
a resource!!
In Summary, the Goals of Sepsis are……
69 y/o Male presented to ER with shortness
of breath.
VS 38.3 88/46 114 28 86%
He is placed onto 50% ventimask, but
continues to have low oxygen saturation and
is intubated in the ER.
He is given 2L of NS and repeat BP is 92/44
The Patient arrives in the MICU…..what do
you do next?
Identify Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early
IVF
Early invasive hemodynamic monitoring
Goal endpoints
◦ Urine output, SBP, MAP, lactate, central venous sat,
CVP <8 or 12
◦ Pressors and Steroids
Cultures and ABX
Thank you!!!