Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogens
Welcome
To our OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Course
Presented by:
Safety and Risk Services
UNM Health Sciences Center Epidemiology
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Instructions
This course was designed for you in an electronic book format. It
offers you convenience and the most current information available.
 Simply “read” through the electronic pages
by clicking on
Next page
When you complete this module return
to Learning Central and complete the
on-line Bloodborne Pathogens Exam
Introduction
On December 6, 1991, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) finalized a federal
regulation to protect employees against exposure to
bloodborne pathogens. This regulation is known as
the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard and requires the
use of Standard Precautions to prevent exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
This regulation was revised in November 1999 to
increase the emphasis on prevention of employee
exposure to bloodborne pathogens through
engineering controls.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000
set out in greater detail the requirement for
employers to identify, evaluate and implement safer
medical devices. This act also mandated additional
requirements for maintaining a sharps injury log and
for the involvement of non-managerial healthcare
workers in evaluating and choosing devices.
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Introduction
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms found in human
blood, blood components and body fluids and known to cause
diseases in humans. The Hepatitis B and C viruses and
Human Immunodeficiency Virus are the bloodborne pathogens
of greatest importance in clinical settings.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Who is at risk?
Anyone who handles human blood, blood components, blood
products or body fluids is at risk. This includes:
Health Care Workers
Laboratory and Research Personnel
Correctional Facility Personnel
Police Officers
Infectious Waste Personnel
Morticians
Custodial Personnel
Medical Equipment Personnel
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Fire Fighters
Introduction
How are bloodborne pathogens transmitted in the healthcare
setting?
The most efficient mode of transmission for bloodborne diseases is
from contaminated needle-stick injuries. Bloodborne pathogens are
also transmitted from blood or body fluid (BBF) contamination of
eye, mouth or other mucous membranes, or from BBF contact to
non-intact skin, e.g. cuts scrapes, burns, and dermatitis.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
What job duties may involve potential exposure to bloodborne
pathogens?
Job duties involving possible exposure to bloodborne diseases
include:
Drawing blood
First aid
Dental procedures
Blood spill clean-up
CPR
Giving injections
Bathing patients
Surgery
Sterilizing instruments
Handling soiled linen
Autopsies
Gathering infectious waste
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part 1
Hepatitis B
What is Hepatitis B? (HBV)
HBV is a virus that infects liver cells, resulting in acute, and
sometimes chronic, liver disease.
In the U.S, there are an estimated 750,000-1,000,000 chronic
HBV carriers who transmit infection to others primarily through
sexual contact and contact with blood and body fluids of
infected individuals.
Perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B may also occur.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Next page
Hepatitis B
What are the symptoms of HBV infection?
Acute Hepatitis B with complete resolution
This is the most frequent response to HBV infection in adults.
Persons with a history of infection become immune against reinfection. Some infected individuals show no symptoms, some will
have mild flu-like illness not diagnosed as hepatitis, and 25% will
have severe symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, nausea, dark
urine, abdominal pain, fever, joint pain and jaundice (yellowing of
skin and eyes).
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Progression to chronic hepatitis B infection following acute
episode
Chronic HBV is the outcome of 1-10% of all HBV infections in adults
(rates differ in different populations and are much higher in infants).
Viral infection of the liver remains persistent. A “hepatitis carrier” may
be infectious to others. Patients with chronic HBV may develop
chronic active hepatitis (ongoing liver inflammation), cirrhosis of the
liver or primary liver cancer.
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Hepatitis B
HBV Vaccine
Pre-exposure vaccination is the most effective preventive
measure.
Healthcare workers should note that patients with chronic HBV
may be highly infectious and that many exposures may not be
apparent to the healthcare worker.
All healthcare workers should be vaccinated for HBV before any
possible contact with blood and body fluids occurs.
Vaccinations are free for employees with occupational exposure
to blood/body fluids.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Contact Employee Occupational Health Services (272-8043) to
receive vaccination.
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Hepatitis B
The HBV Vaccine Series
The HBV vaccine series involves a series of three doses over a
period of 4-6 months to induce protective antibody levels in 85-97%
of healthy adults.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Measurable antibodies in vaccinees usually persist for more than 8
years, provided the employee responds to the vaccine with a
measurable titer initially. All employees receiving the HBV vaccine
must be tested for proof of immunity with a follow-up serology after
the third dose of vaccine. Employees who fail to develop immunity
after the first series often respond to a second series of HBV
vaccine. In the rare instance that a non-immune employee is
exposed to HBV, infection can be prevented by use of HBV immune
globulin. Employees uncertain of their immune status should contact
Employee Occupational Health Services at 272-8043
Boosters
The CDC has no recommendation concerning boosters of HBV
vaccine in vaccine responders because it is unknown whether
routine boosters will be required to prevent symptomatic disease.
So far, vaccine responders, appear to be protected from clinical
Hepatitis B disease for at least 20 years, even if antibody levels
decline to undetectable levels.
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part 2
Hepatitis C
What is Hepatitis C? (HCV)
Hepatitis C is the most common blood-borne pathogen in the
U.S. Approximately 1.4% of the U.S. population is infected with
HCV. Most of these persons (around 85%) are chronically
infected and many are unaware of their infection because they
are not clinically ill.
HCV is transmitted primarily through large or repeated direct
percutaneous exposures to blood. Blood transfusion accounted
for a large proportion of HCV infections acquired prior to 1990,
but is now rarely a source of new infection. Injection drug use
now accounts for 60% of new cases.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Multiple sexual partners, occupational exposure, and perinatal
exposure are risk factors that are thought to account for most of
the remaining cases.
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Hepatitis C
Acute HCV
Most cases of acute HCV are asymptomatic. Some
patients have jaundice or symptoms of malaise, poor
appetite or abdominal pain. A small proportion of patients
with acute HCV, 15-25%, appear to resolve their acute
infection.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Chronic HCV
Most patients with HCV remain chronically infected, and
some progress to cirrhosis of the liver or primary liver
cancer. Concurrent alcohol use is a significant risk factor
for progression of liver disease in patients with HCV.
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Hepatitis C
There is no vaccine for HCV
HCV infection in healthcare workers is best prevented through
following Standard Precautions.
All persons with exposure, regardless of source HCV status,
should have a follow-up. For persons with high-risk exposure to a
known HCV-seropositive patient, a follow-up HCV RNA test by
PCR is recommended at 4-6 weeks.
Any healthcare worker with a positive PCR and/or seroconversion
after exposure will be referred to Gastroenterology Services for
discussion of treatment.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Studies of healthcare workers with nosocomial exposure to HCV
suggest early antiviral treatment may result in higher rates of
resolved infections. The average incidence of anti-HCV
seroconversion after unintentional needlesticks or sharps
exposures from an HCV-positive source is 1.8% (range in studies:
0-10%).
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part 3
HIV
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus? (HIV)
HIV is the human retrovirus which causes Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS, first reported in the
U.S. in 1981. HIV is now estimated to infect around 900,000
people in the US.
HIV is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, injection
drug use, and perinatally.
In most cases, HIV causes progressive immunodeficiency
marked by declines in CD4 lymphocyte counts.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Infected persons with advanced immunodeficiency are
vulnerable to multiple infections.
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HIV
What are the symptoms of HIV?
HIV infection progresses in stages:
Acute seroconversion syndrome may occur 6-12 weeks
after infection with flu-like symptoms.
After seroconversion, infected patients may have no
further signs or symptoms for months or years.
However, they are infectious to others through sexual
contact and blood and body fluid contact.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Progressive disease in untreated patients is
characterized by a steady decline in the CD4
lymphocyte count and increasing susceptibility to
infection.
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HIV
How can HIV infection in exposed health care workers
be prevented?
The average risk of HIV seroconversion after a
percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is
approximately 0.3%, and after a mucous membrane
exposure is 0.09%
Post-exposure treatment should be given immediately to
prevent or inhibit infection
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Antiretroviral medications given immediately after
exposure have been shown to prevent HIV infection.
Next page
part 4
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions prevent exposure to bloodborne
pathogens
All blood or body fluids are treated as potentially infectious.
This applies to all patients.
Standard Precautions prevent the healthcare worker from
coming into contact with blood and other potentially infectious
material (OPIM) of all patients by using the correct Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Summary of Standard Precautions
 Perform hand hygiene before and after patient care and after
glove removal
 Wear gloves if blood or OPIM contact with hands is likely
 Wear gowns if blood or OPIM contact with clothing is likely
 Wear goggles & mask if blood or OPIM splash is likely (or
face shield)
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Standard Precautions
Disposable Single Use Gloves
Surgical or examination type gloves.If exposure to a large quantity
of blood is likely, or if gloves might be damaged,wearing two pairs
(double gloving) is recommended.
Heavy Duty Utility Gloves
Household utility gloves are used for some tasks, e.g. cleaning up
blood spills. May be decontaminated and re-used if they are not
cracked, peeling, torn, punctured, discolored or deteriorating
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Eye and Face Protection
Eye protection is required whenever blood or infectious materials
can splash, spray, spatter or contaminate the eyes, nose, or
mouth.A mask may be used with goggles/glasses with solid side
shields.A chin-length face shield may be used.
Outer Protective Gear
A gown, apron, or booties may be required to keep contamination
away from the body or personal clothing.
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Employee Work Practices
When is hand hygiene recommended?
 Before and after every patient contact and after glove
removal
After handling potentially infectious material, even if you
have been wearing gloves.
 Before eating, smoking, or touching your face
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Note: in addition to protecting healthcare workers from
exposure to bloodborne pathogens, hand hygiene
before and after every patient contact is the single
most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated
infections in patients
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Employee Work Practices
How is hand hygiene performed?
Note: alcohol hand disinfection is the preferred technique
unless hands are visibly soiled or contaminated with blood or
OPIM
Alcohol hand disinfection (AHD) technique:
Apply enough alcohol-based product to cover both hands thoroughly
- Rub over all surfaces until hands are dry
- Use a CHW every 5-6 AHDs to get rid of emollient residue
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Conventional hand wash (CHW) technique:
Wet hands, apply 5cc of anti-microbial soap
Rub all hand surfaces under warm running water to for 15-30
second
Other aspects of hand hygiene:
Avoid skin dryness or irritation
Use hospital-supplied lotions that will not compromise the integrity of
latex gloves or interfere with the action of antimicrobial soap
products.
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Employee Work Practices
How can needle sticks be avoided?
 Locate the sharps container before beginning any
procedure
 Ensure that the sharps container is not overfilled (more
than ¾ full). If it is, close the container and obtain a new one.
 Dispose of sharps immediately into designated sharps
containers.
 Do not bend, shear or break contaminated needles or
sharps.
Never interfere with the operation of a safety device
Make sure safety devices are fully engaged
Never throw a contaminated sharp to the floor or stick a
sharp of any kind into a patient mattress or examining table.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Never recap needles!
In the rare instance when a needle needs to be resheathed for medical reasons, a device should be used.
Anticipate the need for extra syringes before starting a
procedure
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Employee Work Practices
Use good work habits to avoid exposure to bloodborne
pathogens and other hazards
What is meant by good personal habits?
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]

Do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or apply cosmetics
or lip balms where you may be exposed to blood and body
fluids, e.g. patient care areas. Eating and drinking in
patient care areas may also expose healthcare workers to
infection with other highly contagious pathogens, such as
Hepatitis A

Only eat and drink in designated break areas

Do not keep food and drinks in refrigerators, freezers,
cabinets or on shelves, countertops or bench tops where
blood or infectious materials may be present
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part 6
Needlestick Safety and
Prevention Act
Why do we have another law involving
bloodborne pathogens?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that
healthcare workers in the US sustain nearly 600,000
percutaneous injuries annually involving contaminated sharps.
Many of these injuries involve sharps contaminated with blood
or other potentially infectious materials containing HIV.
An estimated 16,000 of these injuries involve sharps
contaminated with blood or OPIM containing HIV.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
It is thought that use of safer devices could prevent about 80%
of these injuries.
In response to both the continuous concern over these
exposures and the technological developments which may
increase employee protection, Congress passed the
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000.
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Needlestick Safety and
Prevention Act
Under this law, what must employers do?
 Document consideration and use of appropriate,
commercially available and effective safer devices.
 Solicit input from non-managerial employees
responsible for direct patient care regarding the
identification, evaluation and selection of effective
engineering controls.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
 Document, in the exposure control plan, how this
input was received.
 Maintain a detailed sharps injury log.
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Needlestick Safety and
Prevention Act
What is expected of employees?
 Not to interfere with the safety features of any device.
 Employees are encouraged to report all exposures
immediately.
 Participate in the evaluation of effective engineering controls as
these are introduced into their area.
 Share ideas and opinions concerning safer devices by
communicating in writing with the appropriate safety officer, giving
specific details of the device and any problems or advantages
regarding the use of the device.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
How are needlestick data collected?
Employee Occupational Health Services (EOHS) collects detailed
data on all exposures for trending and analysis. The UNM Health
Sciences Center contributes data from UNM employees.
All data entries are confidential and are not name-linked at the
database level.
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part 7
Storage and Disposal
Biohazard Symbol
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Where are warning labels required?
Warning labels are required on:
 Containers of waste, refrigerators, microwaves and freezers
used for blood or potentially infectious materials.
 Containers used to store, transport or ship blood or
potentially infectious materials.
 Doors to rooms containing potentially infectious materials.
 Any contaminated equipment until the equipment is
decontaminated.
What do the warning labels look like?
Labels must include the Biohazard symbol and legend. The
symbol must be either fluorescent orange, orange-red, with a
red/orange background, or predominantly so.
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Storage and Disposal
How are sharps disposed of?
Discard all needles and contaminated sharps as soon as possible
in a labeled or color-coded container which is puncture-proof,
able to be tightly closed, and leak-proof.
How are non-sharps disposed of?
In soak-proof or leak-proof bags or containers which are labeled
and color-coded if waste is considered biohazardous.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Non-sharp medical waste is considered biohazardous only if
it consists of:
 Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious
material (OPIM)
 Contaminated items, e.g. gauze pads that could release blood
or OPIM in a liquid or semi-liquid state when compressed
 Items that are caked with dried blood or OPIM and are
capable of releasing these materials during handling
 Pathological or microbiological wastes containing blood or
OPIM
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part 8
Housekeeping/ Decontamination
What is good housekeeping?
The work area is kept clean and sanitary. Equipment and
working surfaces are decontaminated after contact with
infectious materials. Decontamination is accomplished with
appropriate disinfectants.
Reusable bins pails or cans are inspected and decontaminated
regularly or after contamination.
Reusable sharps are not stored so employees must reach by
hand into containers where sharps are stored.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Protective coverings (plastic wrap, aluminum foil, and
absorbent paper) are removed and replaced after
contamination.
Next page
Housekeeping/ Decontamination
What is a safe decontamination procedure?
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
 Wear appropriate PPE.
 Use approved hospital disinfectant in clinical areas.
 Laboratory workers may use bleach according to their lab
protocol. Fresh 1:10 dilution of ordinary household bleach and
water is effective (One and one-half cups of bleach to one gallon
of water).
 If possible, cover contaminated area with paper towels (or
absorbent cloth).
 Pour bleach solution over paper towels.
 Allow bleach solution to soak through paper towels.
 Wipe area.
 Pour more bleach solution over area.
 Use fresh paper towels to wipe clean and dry.
 Some equipment may be damaged by bleach: other
disinfectant may be required or 1:100 bleach and water solution
may be used.
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part 9
Post-Exposure Protocols
After exposure, what are the chances of infection?
The risk of infection depends on specific type of exposure, type of
body substance involved, route of entry and
severity of exposure
Estimated risks of becoming infected after injury with
contaminated hollow bore needle (highest risk exposure):
Hepatitis B
19-37%
Hepatitis C
1.8%
HIV
0.3%
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Fewer than 20% of Hepatitis B infected HCWs in past studies
reported a known injury. Therefore, much of the transmission of
Hepatitis B from patient to HCW occurred from inapparent
exposure. Vaccination before possible exposure is essential.
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Post-Exposure Protocols
What are appropriate emergency first aid procedures?
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
 Thoroughly wash area with soap and warm water as soon as
possible.
 Do not use abrasive soap or scrubbing devices that could
break intact skin.
 Using caustic fluids, e.g. bleach, on injuries is not
recommended and could increase risk of infection through
tissue damage.
 The use of antiseptic agents has not been shown to reduce
the rate of infection.
 If material has splashed into eyes, immediately use an
emergency eyewash or clean running water to flush eyes for at
least 15 seconds.
 Report exposure to your supervisor and seek post exposure
evaluation immediately.
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Post-Exposure Protocols
Where do we report for evaluation?
8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
 UNM employees report to Employee Occupational Health Services 2728043 (in Family Practice Building on Tucker behind HSC library)
 UNM employees working in the main hospital building may report to the
Occupational Health Clinic 272-2517 (5th floor UH) for an initial evaluation
and treatment, then follow up at Employee Occupational Health Services
 UNM housestaff rotating at the VA hospital should report first to the VA
Employee Health Clinic and then follow up at Employee Occupational Health
Services
 University Hospital employees report to the Occupational Health Clinic
 Students report to Student Health Center, UNM Main Campus (see
Student Health website on UNM website www.unm.edu for more details)
 UNM students rotating at the VA hospital should report first to the VA
Employee Health Clinic on the first floor and then follow up at the Student
Health Center
After hours, holidays or weekends
 UNM/ UH employees and students report to UH ER
 UNM employees (housestaff) rotating at the VA Hospital should report first
to the VA Emergency Room and then follow up at Employee Occupational
Health Services
 UNM students rotating at the VA Hospital should report first to the VA
Emergency Room and then follow up at the Student Health Center Next page
Post-Exposure Protocols
Medical Evaluation and Treatment
A medical evaluation and treatment is no cost to UNM or UH
employees, and is covered by mandatory student insurance for all
Health Sciences Center students. Test results and medical records
are kept confidential and are available to the employee or student.
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
Treatments:
Effective prophylactic treatment is available for Hepatitis B
exposure if an employee is not immune to Hepatitis B.
No prophylactic treatment is available for Hepatitis C, but follow-up
and early disease treatment in the event of infection has had good
outcomes.
Early prophylactic treatment with antiretroviral drugs reduces the
risk of HIV seroconversion.
Exposure to an Outpatient
Special procedures are needed if an employee or student is
exposed to the blood and body fluids of an outpatient. Ask the
patient to STAY IN THE MEDICAL CENTER until arrangements are
made to draw a “source panel” (HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
serologies) on that patient. This will be done through the provider
seeing the exposed employee or student.
Next page
part 10
Take the Test
Instructions
When you are ready to take the test: Return to Learning Central .
Then, click on “Return to Content Structure.” Then, click on
“Bloodborne Pathogens Exam.”
Any questions that arise
during the course of this
training may be directed
immediately to the UNM
epidemiologist, Susan Kellie,
MD, at 272-1670, pager
951-1067 or e-mail
[email protected]
This will take you to the assessment test for this course. There are
13 questions on the test. You must score at least 75% to obtain
credit. When you have successfully completed the test, go to the
main Learning Central homepage. Click on the “Reports” folder and
then click on “Learning History.” Next, enter the appropriate
timeframes in the “Completed Date From:” and the “Completed
Date To:” spaces. Finally, click on “Run Report.” Your transcript of
learning sessions should appear and you can print this page out to
submit to your credentialing agency for proof of your annual OSHA
Bloodborne Pathogens training. Thank you for visiting this site.
Comments or questions about the design of this course may be sent
to: [email protected]