New Drugs in Palliative Care
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Transcript New Drugs in Palliative Care
Dr Chloe Webb
Palliative Care Registrar
Beaumont Hospital
Drugs Covered
Targin
Durogesic Dtrans
Pecfent
Buprenorphine
Transtec
Butrans
Effentora
Palexia
Oxynorm Dispersa
Relistor
Targin
Targin
Indication
Opioid analgesic
Combines oxycodone with opioid antagonist
naloxone
Naloxone is added to counteract opioid-induced
constipation
- Blocks the action of oxycodone at opioid receptors
locally in the gut.
Oral use
Twice daily dose
Targin
Recommended starting dose in opioid naïve patients
- 10 mg/5 mg oxycodone/naloxone BD
Max daily dose of Targin - 80 mg/40mg.
If higher doses required – consider administration of
supplemental oxycodone hydrochloride prolongedrelease at the same time.
Beneficial effect of naloxone hydrochloride on bowel
function may be impaired with additional oxycodone
PecFent
Fentanyl Nasal Spray
Indication
Management of breakthrough pain in adults already
receiving maintenance opioid therapy for chronic cancer
pain
60mg PO morphine daily,
25mcg/hr TD fentanyl,
30mg PO oxycodone daily,
8mg PO hydromorphone daily
PecFent
Nasal mucosa is highly vascularised with a large surface
area
– Lipophilic drugs such as fentanyl are rapidly and
extensively absorbed
Avoids first pass metabolism and issues with oral
pathologies
e.g. nausea / vomiting or dry / ulcerated buccal
membrane
PecFent
Available in two
strengths:
Yellow pack –
100mcg/spray
strength
Violet pack –
400mcg/spray
strength
Pecfent
Starting dose of 100 mcg (one spray)
Titrated to an “effective dose”
At least 4 hours before further dose of
PecFent can be used.
Review background opioid treatment if
>4 episodes of breakthrough pain/24hrs
Patient Instructions
Blow your nose if you
feel you need to
Spray (listen for the
click)
Sit down with head
Stay sitting for at least 1
upright
Put the nozzle a short
distance (about 1 cm)
into your nostril
Close the other nostril
with a finger from your
other hand
minute after using the
nasal spray
Do not blow your nose
straight after using the
PecFent nasal spray
Effentora
Effentora
Buccal Fentanyl
Indication
Treatment of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer
already receiving maintenance opioid therapy for chronic
cancer pain.
60mg PO morphine daily,
25mcg/hr TD fentanyl,
30mg PO oxycodone daily,
8mg PO hydromorphone daily
Effentora
Individually titrated to an
“effective”/maintenance dose
The effective dose of Effentora is not
predictable from the daily maintenance dose
of opioid.
At least 4 hours between doses
May require readjustment of maintenance
dose
Effentora - Titration
100mcg initially
Multiple tablets may be
- If pain still present
within 30mins
- Give 2nd same strength
Effentora tablet.
used to treat a single
episode of pain
- up to four 100mcgs
- up to four 200mcgs
Increase dose to the next
Doses >800mcgs were
strength to treat the next
episode of pain.
not evaluated in clinical
studies.
Effentora – How to use it!
Blister pack (peel open)
Place tablet above an upper rear molar
between cheek and the gum/sublingually
Dissolves/disintergrates in ~15-25mins
Shouldn’t be sucked or chewed
If any tablet remains after 30mins – swallow
with a glass of water
Palexia
Palexia
Tapentadol
Indication
Relief of moderate to severe acute & chronic pain in adults
µ-opioid receptor agonist & noradrenaline reuptake-
inhibition
Nociceptive, neuropathic, visceral and inflammatory pain
Mainly evidence supports use in nociceptive pain conditions
including postoperative orthopaedic & abdominal pain, also
chronic pain due to osteoarthritis (hip/knee).
Palexia SR
Starting dose - 50mg tapentadol BD
(12hrs apart).
Increase in increments of 50 mg
tapentadol SR twice daily every 3 days
Titrate dose to provide adequate
analgesia with minimal undesirable
effects
Palexia
Non-Opioid
Dose Independent
Tramadol PO
(mg/d)
< 400mg
400 – 600mg
600mg
Oxycodone PO
(mg/d)
< 40mg
40 – 60mg
60 – 80mg
Morphine PO
(mg/d)
< 80mg
80 – 120mg
120 – 160mg
Hydromorphone
PO (mg/d)
< 12mg
12 – 16mg
16 – 20mg
Fentanyl TD (µg/h)
< 37.5µg
37.5 – 50µg
50 – 75µg
Buprenorphine TD
(µg/h)
< 35µg
35 – 52.5µg
52.5 – 70µg
Palexia SR
50mg BD
100mg BD
150mg BD
Oxynorm Dispersa
Orodispersible oxycodone
Indication
Treatment of severe pain/breakthrough pain
Oral use
Taken every 4-6hours as needed
Dissolves on tongue
Relistor
Methylnaltrexone bromide
Subcutaneous injection
Indication
Treatment of opioidinduced constipation in
palliative care patients
when response to usual
laxative therapy has not
been sufficient
Given on top of usual
laxatives
Relistor Dose
Recommended dose
- 8 mg (0.4 ml) for patients weighing 38-61 kg
- 12 mg (0.6 ml) for patients weighing 62-114 kg
- Patients whose weight falls outside these ranges
should be dosed at 0.15 mg/kg.
Induces prompt bowel motion
Single dose alternate days.
Doses may also be given with longer intervals, as per
clinical need.
Rotate injection sites (upper arms & legs, abdomen)
Relistor
Use with caution in patients with known or
suspected GI lesions.
- Increased risk of GI perforation
Advise patients to discontinue and consult their
doctor if they develop severe, persistent, and/or
worsening abdominal symptoms (GI perforation).
Note concomitant medications [e.g. bevacizumab
(AVASTIN), NSAIDs and steroids]
Durogesic
Durogesic
Transdermal fentanyl patch
Indication
Management of chronic intractable pain in patients
requiring opioid analgesia
Reapplied every 72hours
Initial dose - based on the patient's current opioid use.
Recommended that Durogesic DTrans be used in
opioid tolerant patients
Durogesic DTrans
Opioid-tolerant patients
Use Equianalgesic potency conversion chart to convert from
PO/parenteral opioids to Durogesic Dtrans.
Dose may be titrated up or down
- increments of 12/25 µg/h
- achieve the lowest appropriate dose of Durogesic
Dtrans
- depends on response and supplementary analgesic
requirements.
Oral 24hr Morphine
(mg/day)
Durogesic Dtrans Dose
(µg/h)
4 hourly PO morphine
(mg) breakthrough
< 44
12
< 7.5
45-89
25
10-15
90-134
37
15-20
135-189
50
25-30
190-224
62
35
225-314
75
40-50
315-404
100
55-65
405-494
125
70-80
495-584
150
85-95
585-674
175
100-110
675-764
200
115-125
765-854
225
130-140
855-944
250
145-155
945-1034
275
160-170
1035-1124
300
175-185
Durogesic DTrans
Opioid-naïve patients
The normal initial Durogesic DTrans dosage should not
exceed 25 µg/h.
Recommended that patients be titrated with low doses of
immediate-release opioids (e.g., morphine, oxycodone) to
attain equianalgesic dose relative to Durogesic 12/25 µg/h
TD fentanyl is licensed for use as a 1st line strong opioid
severe dysphagia,
renal failure
high risk of diversion and tablet misuse.
Durogesic – Patient Instruction
Apply to upper arm or chest area
Don’t apply patch in same place twice in a row
Clean and dry skin
Takes 18-24hr to become therapeutic intially
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Open the pouch – tear off edge of pouch
Mind not to tear patch
Peel off backing – try not to touch sticky side
Press onto skin firmly (hold for 30secs)
Wash your hands
Butrans & Transtec
Transdermal Buprenorphine
Indication
Pain of moderate to severe intensity
Alternative to both weak opioids and morphine
Not suitable for the treatment of acute pain
Take into account previous opioid history
Opioid naive pts – prescribe lowest strength (5mcg/h)
Buprenorphine
Butrans
Transtec
7 day patch
4 day patch
Doses available
5, 10 and 20mcg/h
Doses available
35, 52.5, 70mcg/h
Onset of action
18–24h
Onset of action
21h for 35mcg/h patch;
11h for 70mcg/h patch
Peak plasma concentration
60 hrs
Peak plasma concentration
3 days
Butrans vs Morphine
Buprenorphine
Morphine
5µg/hr
10mg/24hrs
10µg/hr
20mg/24hrs
20µg/hr
30mg/24hrs
35µg/hr
40mg/24hrs
52.5µg/hr
80mg/24hrs
70µg/hr
100mg/24hrs
References
Palliative Care Formulary 3 - Robert Twycross and
Andrew Wilcock
www.palliativedrugs.com
www.medicines.ie
Archimedes Pharma
Cephalon
JanssenCilag
Grunenthal
Mundipharma
Wyeth