Transcript Slides from Lecture 2 - Courses - University of California, Berkeley

Database Life Cycle and
Introduction to Access
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information
Management and Systems
SIMS 257: Database
Management
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.08.29 - SLIDE 1
Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
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Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
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Database Environment
CASE
Tools
Repository
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User
Interface
DBMS
Application
Programs
Database
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Database Components
DBMS
===============
Design tools
Database
Database contains:
User’s Data
Metadata
Indexes
Application Metadata
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Table Creation
Form Creation
Query Creation
Report Creation
Procedural
language
compiler (4GL)
=============
Run time
Form processor
Query processor
Report Writer
Language Run time
Application
Programs
User
Interface
Applications
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Terms and Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Database
DBMS
Enterprise
Entity
Attributes
Data values
Records
File
Key
Primary Key
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Terms and Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data Dictionary
Data Administration
Database Administration
Data Steward
DA
DBA
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Terms and Concepts
• Data Independence
• Models
– (1) Levels or views of the Database
• Conceptual, logical, physical
– (2) DBMS types
• Relational, Hierarchic, Network, ObjectOriented, Object-Relational
• Metadata
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Models (1)
Application 1
External
Model
Application 2
Application 3
Application 4
External
Model
External
Model
External
Model
Application 1
Conceptual
requirements
Application 2
Conceptual
requirements
Application 3
Conceptual
requirements
Conceptual
Model
Logical
Model
Internal
Model
Application 4
Conceptual
requirements
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Data Models(2): History
• Hierarchical Model (1960’s and 1970’s)
– Similar to data structures in programming
languages.
Books
(id, title)
Authors
(first, last)
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Publisher
Subjects
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Data Models(2): History
• Network Model (1970’s)
– Provides for single entries of data and
navigational “links” through chains of data.
Authors
Subjects
Books
Publishers
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Data Models(2): History
• Relational Model (1980’s)
– Provides a conceptually simple model for data
as relations (typically considered “tables”) with
all data visible.
pubid
Book ID
1
2
3
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Title
pubid
Introductio
The history
New stuff ab
Another title
And yet more
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2
4
3
2
1
Author id
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Book ID
pubname
Harper
Addison
Oxford
Que
Authorid
1
2
3
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5
Author name
Smith
Wynar
Jones
Duncan
Applegate
Subid
1
2
3
4
4
2
1
3
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3
Subid
Subject
1 cataloging
2 history
3 stuff
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Data Models(2): History
• Object Oriented Data Model (1990’s)
– Encapsulates data and operations as
“Objects”
Books
(id, title)
Authors
(first, last)
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Publisher
Subjects
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Data Models(2): History
• Object-Relational Model (1990’s)
– Combines the well-known properties of the
Relational Model with such OO features as:
• User-defined datatypes
• User-defined functions
• Inheritance and sub-classing
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Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
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Database System Life Cycle
Physical
Creation
2
Conversion
3
Design
1
Growth,
Change, &
Maintenance
6
Integration
4
Operations
5
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The “Cascade” View
Project
Identifcation
and Selection
Project
Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical
Design
Physical
Design
Implementation
See Hoffer, p. 41
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Maintenance
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Design
• Determination of the needs of the
organization
• Development of the Conceptual Model
of the database
– Typically using Entity-Relationship
diagramming techniques
• Construction of a Data Dictionary
• Development of the Logical Model
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Physical Creation
• Development of the Physical Model of
the Database
– data formats and types
– determination of indexes, etc.
• Load a prototype database and test
• Determine and implement security,
privacy and access controls
• Determine and implement integrity
constraints
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Conversion
• Convert existing data sets and
applications to use the new database
– May need programs, conversion utilities to
convert old data to new formats.
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Integration
• Overlaps with Phase 3
• Integration of converted applications and
new applications into the new database
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Operations
• All applications run full-scale
• Privacy, security, access control must be in
place.
• Recovery and Backup procedures must be
established and used
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Growth, Change & Maintenance
• Change is a way of life
– Applications, data requirements, reports, etc.
will all change as new needs and
requirements are found
– The Database and applications and will need
to be modified to meet the needs of changes
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Another View of the Life Cycle
Integration
4
Operations
5
Design
Physical
1
Creation Conversion Growth,
2
Change
3
6
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Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
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Test Database
• The DiveShop database contains
information for the business operations
of a skin & scuba diving shop that:
– Organizes trips to particular locations
(destinations) with various dive sites
– Dive sites have various features including
• types of marine life found there
• other features (like shipwrecks)
– Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers
for particular trips.
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ER Diagrams
• Entity-Relationship Diagrams are one of
the main tools for database design
• We will examine ER diagrams in greater
detail later
• ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles)
and their attributes (ovals) and the
relationships between entities (diamonds)
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Diveshop Entities: SITES
Site
Highlight
Site
Notes
Site Name
Destination
no
Distance
From Town (M)
Distance
From Town (Km)
Depth (ft)
Sites
Site no
Depth (m)
Visibility(ft)
Skill Level
Visibility (m)
Current
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Diveshop Entities: DIVECUST
City
State/Prov
Street
Name
Customer no
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ZIP/Postal
Code
Country
DiveCust
Phone
First
Contact
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Diveshop Entities: DEST
Spring Spring
Avg Temp (C)Temp (F) Summer
Temp (C)
Temp (C)
Avg
Summer
Temp (F)
Temp (F)
Destination
name
Dest
Destination no
Accommodations
Travel
Cost
Body of
Water
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Fall
Temp (C)
Fall
Temp (F)
Winter
Winter Temp (C)
Temp (F)
Night
Life
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Diveshop Entities: BIOLIFE
Species
Name
Common
Name
Category
Length
(cm)
Length
(in)
Notes
external
BioLife
Graphic
external
Species no
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Diveshop Entities: SHIPWRCK
Type
Interest
Tonnage
Length
(ft)
Category
Site no
Shipwrck
Ship Name
Graphic
external
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Condition
Passengers/
Cause
Crew
Survivors Comments Date
external Sunk
Length
(m)
Beam
(ft)
Beam
(m)
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Diveshop Entities: DIVESTOK
Reorder
Point
On Hand
Cost
Equipment
Class
Description
Sale
Price
DiveStok
Rental
Price
Item No
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Diveshop Entities: DIVEORDS
Ship
Via
Sale
Date
Customer
No
DiveOrds
Order no
CCNumber
Vacation
Cost
Destination
Return
Date
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Payment
Method
CCExpDate
No of
People
Depart
Date
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Diveshop Entities: DIVEITEM
Rental/
Sale
Item no
DiveItem
Qty
Line
Note
Order no
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Diveshop Entities: BIOSITE
Species
No
Site
No
BioSite
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Diveshop Entities: SHIPVIA
Ship
Via
Ship
Cost
ShipVia
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DiveShop ER Diagram
Customer
No
Destination
Name
Destination
no
DiveCust
Customer
No
1
ShipVia
DiveOrds
n
Dest
1
Destination
no
Site No
ShipVia
n
Destination
1
n
Order
No
ShipVia
1
1
Order
No
n
Sites
n
Site No
1
n
BioSite
Species
No
DiveItem
1
Item
No
1/n
ShipWrck
n
n
Site No
1
Species
No
BioLife
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1
DiveStok
Item
No
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Assignment 1 (also online)
• How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware?
• What is customer Karen Ng’s address?
• At what destinations and sites might you find a
Spotted Eagle Ray?
• Where (what destination) is the site Palancar
Reef?
• What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip?
• Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip.
Is he going to the right place?
• What equipment is Richard Denning getting?
• What is the cost of the equipment rental for
Louis Jazdzewski
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Assignment 1: cont.
• The Database is available on the course
web site
• Download your own copy
• For each of the questions create a query
in Access.
• Create a document (Word, etc.) containing
– The query being answered
– The results of your query cut and pasted from
Access
• Due Tuesday Feb. 3
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