Transcript operating system

Information Technology
Coordonator: Dr. Z. Pólkowski
Siposs Arnold Konrad
Introduction
• Information technology (IT) is a general term that covers all
forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use
information in various forms.
• IT includes several layers of physical equipment (hardware),
virtualization and management or automation tools, operating
systems and applications (software) used to perform
essential functions. User devices, peripherals and software,
such as laptops, smartphones or even recording equipment,
can be included in the IT domain. IT can also refer to the
architectures, methodologies and regulations governing the
use and storage of data.
Source: http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/IT
Communication over the Internet
Source: http://www.templates.com/preview/illustrations/il-1219.html
Base information
• Once an individual has access to the Internet, there are a
wide variety of different methods of communication and
information exchange over the network.
• These numerous methods of communication and
information retrieval are constantly evolving and are therefore
difficult to categorize concisely.
• The most common methods of communications on the
Internet can be roughly grouped into six categories: one-toone messaging (ex. "e-mail"), one-to-many messaging
(ex."listserv"), distributed message databases (ex. "USENET
newsgroups"), real time communication (ex. "Internet Relay
Chat"), real time remote computer utilization (ex. "telnet") and
remote information retrieval (ex. "ftp," "gopher," and "World
Wide Web").
Source: http://www.ciec.org/trial/complaint/facts3.html
Communication nowadays
• The world has change so much in the last decade because
of the technologies, as today communication methods include
video and audio conferencing and Internet telephony, which
are also available on the Internet. They require more
multimedia capabilities of computer systems and are more
taxing of network resources than the others. They also are
adaptations of other technologies to the Internet.
• Most of the technologies that are unique to the Internet
require communication to be done in text—letters with some
symbols and punctuation. Communicating effectively involves
taking the time, except in informal communications, to use
correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation and writing an
appropriate message.
Source: http://webliminal.com/essentials/eoc-rtfs/ch03.htm
Operating systems
Source: http://sj.foodsci.info/?p=6087
Description
• An operating system or OS is a software that enables the
computer hardware to communicate and operate with the
computer software. Without a computer operating system, a
computer and software programs would be useless.
• For hardware functions such as input, output and memory
allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary
between programs and the computer hardware, although the
application code is usually executed directly by the hardware
and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or be
interrupted by it
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
Basic information
• The operating system is also responsible for security,
ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.
Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html
Windows system
• Windows OS is an computer operating system developed
by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs).
Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for
IBM-compatible PCs.
• Windows version released in 1985 was Windows 95 which
for the first time allowed DOS users to visually navigate a
virtual desktop, opening graphical “windows” displaying the
contents of electronic folders and files with the click of
a mouse button, rather than typing commands and directory
paths at a text prompt.
Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/645197/Windows-OS
Linux system
• Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. As an open
source operating system.
•The definig component of the Linux system is the Linux
kernel.
• The OS user interface, also known as the shell, is either
a command-line interface (CLI), a graphical user
interface (GUI), or through controls attached to the
associated hardware, which is common for embedded
systems. For desktop systems, the default mode is usually a
graphical user interface, although the CLI is available
through terminal emulator windows or on a separate virtual
console.
Source: https://www.linux.com/learn/new-user-guides/376-linux-is-everywhere-an-overview-of-the-linux-operating-system
Unix system
• UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in
the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever
since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs
which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user,
multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
• UNIX OS also has a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to
Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment.
However, knowledge of UNIX is required for operations which
aren't covered by a graphical program, or for when there is no
windows interface available, for example, in a telnet session.
Source: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/unixintro.html
Desktop application
Source: http://www.clavolike.com/desktop-application.html
Description
• Application software is a set of computer programs
designed to permit the user to perform a group of coordinated
functions, tasks, or activities.
• Application software cannot run on itself but is dependent on
system software to execute.
• Examples of an application include a word processor, a
spreadsheet design and management system, an
aeronautical flight simulator, a console game, a drawing,
painting, and illustrating system, or a library management
system.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software
Application
• In the entertainment world, it refers to games.
• In the business world, it refers to the data entry, update,
query (order entry, billing, inventory, human resources,
payroll, manufacturing).
•The term may also refer to a generic application, often called
a "productivity program," such as a Web browser,
spreadsheet, word processor, database or e-mail program.
For a list of major application software categories you can
check here.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software
Databases
Source: http://mashable.com/2008/09/11/social-databases/
Introduction
• A database is a collection of information that is organized so
that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one
view, databases can be classified according to types of
content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.
• In computing, databases are sometimes classified according
to their organizational approach. The most prevalent
approach is the relational database, a tabular database in
which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and
accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed
database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among
different points in a network. An object-oriented
programming database is one that is congruent with the data
defined in object classes and subclasses.
Source: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database
Information
• Database management systems (DBMS) are computer
software applications that interact with the user, other
applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze
data. DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation,
querying, update, and administration of databases. Wellknown DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL,Microsoft SQL
Server, Oracle.
• Database management systems are often classified
according to the database model that they support; the most
popular database systems since the 1980s have all
supported the relational model as represented by
the SQL language
Source: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database
MySQL
• MySQL is the world's second most widely used relational
database management system and it is open source.
• The MySQL development project has made its source
code available under the terms of the GNU General Public
License
• MySQL is a popular choice of database for web
applications, and it’s a central component of the widely
used LAMP open source web application software stack.
• MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written
in yacc, but it uses a home-brewed lexical analyzer.
• MySQL can also be run on cloud computing platforms such
as Amazon EC2. Some common deployment model for
MySQL on the cloud can be “Virtual Machine Image”.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL
Example of MySQL Workbench
Source: https://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/
Oracle
• Oracle Database is an object-relational database
management system produced and marketed by Oracle
Corporation.
• An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a unit.
The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related
information. A database server is the key to solving the
problems of information management.
• In general, a server reliably manages a large amount of
data in a multiuser environment so that many users can
concurrently access the same data.
Source: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/intro.htm
Example of Oracle database
Source: https://ubuntulife.wordpress.com/2008/05/11/ /
Microsoft SQL Server
• Microsoft SQL Server is a database management and
analysis system for e-commerce, line-of-business, and data
warehousing solutions.
• Microsoft SQL Server is the most common language for
databases. It is very used because it can be applyed to very
large databases.
• The base code for Microsoft SQL Server is the same like
Sybase SQL Server and it’s primary query languages are T-SQL
(Transact-SQL) and ANSI SQL.
Source: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb545450.aspx
Example of Microsoft SQL Server Database
Source: http://www.upscene.com/database_auditing/sqlserver/
Microsoft Access
• Very simple method to build a database is to use the
Microsoft Access tool, which is a very basic model of
database for not very large amount of information.
• Microsoft Access, also known as Microsoft Office
Access, is a database management
system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft
Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and
software-development tools.
• Microsoft Access applications can adopt a split-database
architecture. A single database can be divided into a separate
"back-end" file that contains the data tables and a "front-end“
that contains the application's objects such as queries, forms,
reports, macros, and modules.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access
Example of Microsoft Access Database
Source: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/10c826da-c091-4cb1-94a8-f61c671a9be6/can-aforeign-key-share-the-many-relation-with-more-than-one-table-access-2007?forum=accessdev
References
1. http://ro.depositphotos.com/35304701/stock-photo-information-technology-intag-cloud.html
2. http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm
3. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html
4. https://techiturn.wordpress.com/2015/05/09/the-window-is-closing-windows-10/
5. https://www.google.pl/search?q=microsoft+access+database&tbm=isch#tbm=i
sch&q=microsoft+access+database+templates&imgrc=kGwq5ZX1PVg6M%253A%3BxDv6ND20meabXM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252
Fimg248.imageshack.us%252Fimg248%252F5835%252Fvehicledrivershipper
altmf6.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.mrexcel.com%252Fforum%252F
microsoft-access%252F252238-relationships-joins.html%3B975%3B594