Transcript Medical

Professional Schools
Douglas H. McBride
Career and Academic Advisor
College of Ag & Life Sciences – Health Professions
Medical School
Medical
Nature of work
– Physicians diagnose illnesses
and prescribe and administer
treatment for people suffering from
injury or disease
This is accomplished by:
– Extracting patient information and obtaining medical
histories
– Performing and interpreting diagnostic tests
Medical
Two Types of Physicians
– M.D.-Doctor of Medicine – Allopathic
Traditional Medicine
– D.O.-Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.
Greater emphasis on the relationship between the
organs and the musculoskeletal system as well as
on treating the whole individual rather than just the
disease.
Similarities:
– Applicants to both DO and MD colleges typically have a fouryear undergraduate degree with an emphasis on science
courses.
– Both DOs and MDs complete four years of basic medical
education.
– After medical school, both DOs and MDs can choose to practice
in a specialty area of medicine—such as psychiatry, surgery,
obstetrics, or sports medicine—after completing a residency
program (typically two to six years of additional training).
– Both DOs and MDs must pass comparable state licensing
examinations.
– DOs and MDs both practice in fully accredited and licensed
hospitals and medical centers.
– Both are medical doctors; MD is specifically Doctor of Medicine
and DO is Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.
Medical
So which one should you choose:
– Allopathic training is the most widely available and recognized type
of medical training.
– Allopathic training, the M.D. is universally recognized as a medical
degree. If you are interested in practicing overseas, the M.D. is far
easier to negotiate with than is the D.O.
– The best way to decide which path is right for you is to spend time
with each and talk about the differences in their practices.
Medical
Working Conditions
– Many physicians work in small private offices or clinics.
– Increasingly, physicians practice in groups or healthcare
organizations. They are less independent than solo practitioners
of the past.
– Almost one-third of physicians work 60 hours or more a week.
– Physicians and surgeons often have to take call, and may make
emergency visits to hospitals.
Medical
Getting into Med School
– Acceptance to medical school is highly competitive.
Average Acceptance
– 3.64 Overall GPA/ 3.57 Science GPA
– 30 MCAT
– Applicants must submit:
Transcripts / Pre-requisites
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)
Letters of recommendation
American Medical College Admission Service application
(AMCAS)
Medical
Undergraduate Training
– Academic:
Physics, biology, mathematics, english, and inorganic and
organic chemistry. Students also take courses in the
humanities and the social sciences.
– Non-Academic
Volunteer work
Community Service
Shadowing
Other clinical Exposure
Leadership
Research
Medical
Medical School Training
– Minimum educational requirement for entry
into a medical school is 3 years of college.
Most applicants, however, have at least a
bachelor's degree, and many have advanced
degrees.
– There are 147 medical schools in the United
States
125 Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree;
22 Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree.
Medical
Medical Curriculum
– First 2 years
Courses in anatomy, biochemistry, physiology,
pharmacology, psychology, microbiology, pathology, medical
ethics, and laws governing medicine.
– Last 2 years
Students work with patients under the supervision of
experienced physicians in hospitals and clinics.
– Following medical school
M.D.s enter a residency which may last 3 to 9 years.
Most D.O.s serve a 12-month rotating internship after
graduation before entering a residency which may last 2 to 6
years.
Medical
Earnings
– Physicians have among the highest earnings
of any occupation.
– Median income for a physicians is about
$160,000+
Specialties Salaries
Medical
Additional Information
MD
– Association of American Medical Colleges http://www.aamc.org
– American Medical Association: http://www.ama-assn.org
DO
– American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
http://www.aacom.org
– American Osteopathic Association: http://www.aoa-net.org
Podiatry
Podiatry
Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)
– A doctor of podiatric medicine is to the foot what a
dentist is to the mouth or an ophthalmologist to the eye
- a specialist who has undergone lengthy, thorough
study to become uniquely well-qualified to treat a
specific part of the body.
Podiatry
Nature of work
– A Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM)
specializes in the prevention, diagnosis,
and treatment of foot disorders, diseases
and injuries. They perform surgery;
administer medications, and prescribe
physical therapy regimens.
Podiatry
Nature of Work Cont’d
– DPMs often detect serious health
problems that may otherwise go
unnoticed, because a number of diseases
manifest first through symptoms of the
lower extremities (i.e., diabetes, arthritis,
heart disease, or kidney disease).
Podiatry
Working Conditions
– The practice of podiatric medicine lends itself to flexible hours
and is therefore comfortable for individuals who want time for
family, friends and other involvements that characterize a
balanced lifestyle.
– Work hours of a podiatric physician
can vary from 30 to 60 hours a week.
– Podiatrists in private practice can
set their own hours.
Podiatry
Getting into Podiatry School
– Acceptance to Podiatric school is competitive.
Average Acceptance
– 3.3 Overall GPA/ 3.0 Science GPA
– 22 MCAT
– Applicants must submit:
Transcripts / Pre-requisites
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)
Letters of recommendation
American Association of Colleges of Podiatric
Medicine (AACPM) application.
Podiatry
Undergraduate Training
– Academic:
Physics, biology, mathematics, english, and inorganic and
organic chemistry. Students also take courses in the
humanities and the social sciences.
– Non-Academic
Volunteer work
Community Service
Shadowing
Other clinical Exposure
Leadership
Research
Podiatry
Podiatry School Training
– Minimum educational requirement for entry
into a Podiatric school is 3 years of college.
Most applicants, however, have at least a
bachelor's degree, and many have advanced
degrees.
– There are 8 podiatry schools in the United
States
Podiatry
Medical Curriculum
– First 2 years
Courses in anatomy, biochemistry, physiology,
pharmacology, psychology, microbiology, pathology, medical
ethics, and laws governing medicine.
– Last 2 years
Students work with patients under the supervision of
experienced Podiatrists in hospitals and clinics.
– Following podiatry school
Choice of 24 or 36 month residency to be board certified.
The 36 month residency includes extensive rear foot and
ankle surgery.
Podiatry
Earnings
– Median income for a physicians is about
$120,414 +
– There are many types of podiatry specialties,
including the following:
Pediatric podiatry
Podiatric medicine and orthopedics
Podiatric surgery
Sports medicine and biomechanics
Wound care
Podiatry
Additional Information
– American Association of Colleges of Podiatric
Medicine www.aacpm.org
– American Podiatric Medicine Association
http://www.apma.org/s_apma/index.asp
Dental
Dentistry
Two degrees awarded
– Equivalent
(DDS) Most dental schools award
the Doctor of Dental Surgery
(DMD) The rest award the Doctor of
Dental Medicine
Dentistry
Nature of work
– Dentists diagnose, prevent, and treat problems with teeth or
mouth tissue.
– Remove decay, fill cavities, examine x rays, place protective
plastic sealants on children’s teeth, straighten teeth, and
repair fractured teeth.
– Perform corrective surgery on gums and supporting bones
to treat gum diseases.
– Extract teeth and make models and measurements for
dentures to replace missing teeth.
– They provide instruction on diet, brushing, flossing, the use
of fluorides, and other aspects of dental care.
– They also administer anesthetics and write prescriptions for
antibiotics and other medications.
Dentistry
Working Conditions
– Average 36 hours per week in their practices
– They have great flexibility in determining the number of hours
per week they choose to work.
– Initially, dentists may work more hours as they establish their
practice.
– Many continue in part-time practice well beyond the usual
retirement age.
– Most dentists are solo practitioners, some dentists have
partners, and a few work for other dentists as associate
dentists.
Dentistry
Getting into Dental School
– Acceptance to Dental school is very competitive.
Average Acceptance
– 3.6 Overall GPA/ 3.5 Science GPA
– 20 DAT
– Applicants must submit:
Transcripts / Pre-requisites
Dental Admissions Test (DAT)
Letters of recommendation
Associated American Dental Schools Application Service
(AADSAS)
Dentistry
Undergraduate Training
– Academic:
Physics, biology, mathematics, english, and inorganic and
organic chemistry. Students also take courses in the
humanities and the social sciences.
– Non-Academic
Volunteer work
Community Service
Shadowing
Other clinical Exposure
Leadership
Research
Dentistry
Dental School Training
– A bachelor’s degree is not required. Most applicants,
however, have at least a bachelor's degree, and
many have advanced degrees.
– There are 56 dental schools in the United States
Dentistry
Dental Curriculum
– First 2 years
Studying biological sciences learning structure and function
of human body and it’s diseases, concentrating on the oral
aspects of the sciences. They also learn basic diagnostics
and treatment procedures.
– Last 2 years
Concentration on clinical study. Working with patients to
provide competency in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
of oral diseases and disorders under direction of clinical
instructors.
Dental
Earnings
– Median income for a dentist is about
$134,000 +
– Specialties
http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/Career.1.aspx
Dentistry
Additional Information
– American Dental Association http://www.ada.org
– American Dental Education Association
http://www.adea.org
Optometry
Optometry
Nature of the Work
– Optometrists provide primary vision
care to the 50% of Americans who
wear corrective lenses.
– Optometrists examine people's eyes
to diagnose vision problems and eye
diseases.
– Optometrists prescribe eyeglasses
and contact lenses
– Optometrists provide preoperative
and postoperative care to cataract,
laser vision correction, and other eye
surgery patients.
Optometry
Nature of the Work
– Don’t confuse Optometrists with Ophthalmologists
or Opticians.
Ophthalmologists are physicians who perform eye
surgery, and diagnose and treat eye diseases and
injuries. Like optometrists, they also examine eyes and
prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Opticians fit and adjust eyeglasses and in some states
may fit contact lenses according to prescriptions written
by ophthalmologists or optometrists.
– Most optometrists are in general, private practice.
Optometry
Working Conditions
– Optometrists usually work in their own offices.
– Most full-time optometrists work about 40 hours a week. Many
work Saturdays and evenings to suit the needs of patients.
Employment
– Currently about 35,000 jobs in the U.S.
– Although many optometrists practice alone, a growing number
are in a partnership or group practice.
– Some optometrists work as salaried employees of other
optometrists or of ophthalmologists, hospitals, health
maintenance organizations (HMOs), or retail optical stores.
Optometry
Getting into Optometry School
– Acceptance is very competitive.
Average Acceptance
– 3.43 Overall GPA
– 330 OAT
– Applicants must submit:
Apply through each school individually
Transcripts / Pre-requisites
Optometry Admissions Test (OAT)
Letters of recommendation
Optometry
Undergraduate Training
– Prerequisite courses in English, mathematics,
physics, chemistry, and biology.
– Non-Academic
Volunteer work
Community Service
Shadowing
Other clinical Exposure
Leadership
Research
Optometry
Optometry School Training
– A bachelor’s degree is not required. Most applicants,
however, have at least a bachelor's degree.
– There are 17 Optometry schools in the United States
Optometry
Optometry Curriculum
– First 2 years
Studying biological sciences learning structure and function
of human body and it’s diseases, concentrating on the oral
aspects of the sciences. They also learn basic diagnostics
and treatment procedures.
– Last 2 years
Concentration on clinical study and external rotations.
Working with patients to provide competency in prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment in pediatric optometry, glaucoma,
contact lenses, rehabilitative optometry, retinal and
neurological disease, ophthalmic lasers, refractive surgery,
environmental optometry, primary care optometry and
practice management.
Optometry
Earnings
– Median income for a optometrists is about
$124,000 +
– Specialties
Most doctors of optometry practice “full-scope” primary care
optometry and treat all forms of visual and ocular conditions.
However, some may choose to treat a particular population
or condition.
Optometry
Postgraduate Training
– Optometrists wishing to teach or do research may study for
a master's or Ph.D. degree
– One-year postgraduate clinical residency programs are
available for optometrists who wish to specialize in family
practice optometry, pediatric optometry, geriatric optometry,
vision therapy, contact lenses, hospital-based optometry,
primary care optometry, or ocular disease.
Optometry
Additional Information
– American Dental Association http://www.ada.org
– American Dental Education Association
http://www.adea.org
Chiropractic
Chiropractic
Nature of the Work
– Some chiropractors use water,
light, massage, ultrasound,
electric, and heat therapy.
– Chiropractors do not prescribe
drugs or perform surgery.
– Many chiropractors are solo or
group practitioners who also
have the administrative
responsibilities of running a
practice.
Chiropractic
Working Conditions
– Chiropractors work in clean, comfortable offices.
They spend a great deal of time on their feet and
practice using hands-on manipulation
techniques to resolve imbalances in the patient's
skeletal system.
Employment
– Chiropractors currently hold about 50,000 jobs in the
U.S.
– Most chiropractors are in solo practice, although
some are in group practice or work for other
chiropractors.
Chiropractic
Getting into Chiropractic School
– Average Acceptance
– 3.2 Overall GPA
– Applicants must submit:
No entrance exam required
Apply through each school individually
Transcripts / Pre-requisites
Letters of recommendation
Chiropractic
Undergraduate Training
– All required applicants must have at least 90 semester hours:
English
Social sciences and/or humanities
Organic and inorganic chemistry
Biology
Physics
Psychology.
– Non-Academic
Volunteer work
Community Service
Shadowing
Other clinical Exposure
Leadership
Research
Chiropractic
Chiropractic School Training
– Most states require at least 2 years of undergraduate
education
– An increasing number of states require a 4-year
bachelor's degree.
– All states require completion of a 4-year chiropractic
college course at an accredited program leading to
the Doctor of Chiropractic degree.
– There are 16 chiropractic programs in the United
States accredited by the Council on Chiropractic
Education.
Chiropractic
Chiropractic Curriculum
– First 2 years of Chiropractic School
Classroom and laboratory work in basic sciences.
– Last 2 years of Chiropractic School
Courses in manipulation and spinal adjustments
Clinical experience in physical and laboratory
diagnosis, neurology, orthopedics, geriatrics,
physiotherapy, and nutrition.
Chiropractic
Job Outlook
– Job prospects are expected to be good for persons
who enter the practice of chiropractic with faster than
average growth.
– Chiropractic care is appealing to many healthconscious Americans due to its holistic approach.
– Demand for chiropractic treatment is also related to
the ability of patients to pay, either directly or through
health insurance.
Chiropractic
Earnings
– Median income for a chiropractor is about
$75,000 +
– Self-employed chiropractors
usually earn more than
salaried chiropractors.
Chiropractic
Additional Information
– American Chiropractic Association
http://www.amerchiro.org
– International Chiropractors Association
http://www.chiropractic.org
– World Chiropractic Alliance
http://www.worldchiropracticalliance.org