Transcript Chapter 1 Notes - Net Start Class

Chapter 1 Notes:
Learning about our World
SECTION 1:
Technology Shrinks the World:
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With modern technology, the world’s people have
been brought closer together.
By studying other people and countries, you will
be able to see connections between the United
States and the world around us. When the first
telephone cable was laid along the bottom of the
Atlantic Ocean in 1956, it could carry only 36 calls
between Europe and North America at one time.
Forty years later, glass cables as fine as hairs
were carrying 300,000 long-distance calls at
once. Inventions are changing the world and it is
changing faster every year.
The internet is possible because of improved
telephone cables, satellites, and computers.
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Movies and Video
The World Next Door:
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American Communities include various groups of people
called Ethnic groups. An ethnic group is a group of
people who have a common origin, and share a
language and a history.
Customs – practices handed down from the past.
Often ethnic groups are also Minorities. A Minority
group is a group of people whose culture, race, gender,
or ethnic origin is different from most of the people in the
region. Sometimes, but not always, the minority group is
treated differently from the Majority. The majority is the
group in society that controls most of the wealth and
power; however, it is not always the largest group in
numbers.
Schools are the place where most young people first
meet people from other ethnic groups.
SECTION 2:
The Social Sciences:
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Social Scientists organize information to
help people understand the world around
them.
– Anthropologists study people and societies.
– Sociologists study human behavior as it
relates to groups of people.
– Human Geographers look at people and their
environment.
– Geographers organize facts about Earth’s
surface and people.
• Other sciences that deal with social
studies.
– Psychology
– Archeology
– History
What is Culture?:
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Culture is the way of life of people who share
similar beliefs and customs. The culture of a
people also includes their government, food,
music, literature, and the ways they make a living.
Judging other people in terms of one’s own
culture and standards is called Ethnocentrism.
Cultural Borrowing is when one group of
peoples adopts another group’s culture traits.
Cultural Diffusion is how a culture spreads its
knowledge and skills from one area to
another. Today, cultural diffusion occurs
through radio, television, telephones,
computers, and the Internet.
Important Lessons in History:
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History is the story of the past.
History tells how past conflicts influence
the present.
Studying history can also teach us
important lessons and can guide our
behavior in the present.
Government is Necessary:
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People need rules in order to live together without conflict. In
countries, rules are created by governments.
In a Limited government, constitutions or other laws set
limits on power of government officials. Democracy is a form
of limited government.
In a representative democracy, people elect
representatives who them make and enforce laws. The
United States is a representative democracy.
In an Unlimited government, power belongs to the ruler or
rulers. Unlimited governments include dictatorships
(Saddam Hussein) and absolute monarchies (kings or
queens are born into ruling families).
Constitutional monarchies are a type limited government.
Ex. Great Britain (Queen)
Balancing Our Wants and Needs:
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The different ways people and nations go about
meeting their daily needs are known as
Economic Systems. All economic systems are
concerned with producing goods.
In a Traditional economy, people meet their
needs based on their customs.
Under a Command economy, the government
makes all the decisions.
In a Market economy, individuals determine for
themselves what to produce, who will want it, how
much to produce, and how much to charge.
Most nations have a Mixed economy.
Differences in Development
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Countries differ in how much manufacturing
and industry they have.
Industrialized countries hold 97% of all
patents ownership (right to inventions).
Countries that are working toward
industrialization are called Developing
countries.
Many corporations from industrialized
countries are now building plants in developing
countries, having found a valuable “Resource”
in these places – people.
SECTION 3:
Human Migration:
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Throughout the world, people Migrate, or
move, in great numbers.
When people leave villages and farms
and move to cities, it is called
Urbanization.
The most common reason people move
to cities is to find jobs.
Refugees are people who are forced to
leave their homeland because of wars or
unjust governments.
Population Growth:
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There has been a rapid increase in world
population in recent years.
An increase in the number of people
means that more food is needed.
Since 1950 world food production has
increased faster than population on all
continents except Africa.
Because so many people in Africa need
food, bad weather or war can ruin crops
and bring disaster.
Population Growth
N
U 7,000,000,000
M
B 6,000,000,000
E
5,000,000,000
R
4,000,000,000
O
F 3,000,000,000
P 2,000,000,000
E
O 1,000,000,000
P
0
L
500
E
1000
1500
Years
2000
Population by 2050
10,000,000,000
9,000,000,000
8,000,000,000
7,000,000,000
6,000,000,000
5,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
3,000,000,000
2,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2050
Most Populated Countries
China
1.2 Billion
India
1 Billion
United States
284 Million
Indonesia
206 Million
Brazil
171 Million
Pakistan
145 Million
Russia
144 Million
Conflict and Cooperation:
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As technology brings us closer together,
nations are beginning to understand the
importance of cooperation.
Disagreement over land is a common reason
for conflict between groups and nations. This
is especially true when one culture has been
displaced, or moved, by another culture.
Other conflicts are about religion, race and
politics.
When groups and nations cooperate, they
work together to find peaceful solutions to
problems.
Civic Participation
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Civic participation – is being concerned with
the public affairs of a community, state, nation
or the world.
In a democracy, Rights are benefits and
protections guaranteed to you by law.
In a democracy, Responsibilities are duties
that you owe to your fellow citizens to make
sure that the government continues.
In Totalitarian governments, the people have
no rights. Their responsibilities are to obey the
laws of the land.
Globalization:
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Interdependence is when countries depend
on one another for goods, raw materials to
make goods and markets in which to sell
goods.
The world is sometimes referred to as a
“global village” because in a village, people
depend on one another to provide what they
need to live.
Globalization is the development of a world
culture and interdependent economy. One
danger of globalization is that it might erase
traditions and customs of smaller groups.
Technology and World Issues:
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Technology is a tool, and, like any other tool,
it can be used both wisely and foolishly.
The Internet can help develop better citizens
by providing information and easier easy to
communicate.
Because progress, in many ways, is
determined by technology, sharing technology
has become an important issue.