Transcript Engineering I - EngTech

Introduction to
Engineering
Mr. Phillip Knight
Engineering I




Engineers build bridges.
Engineers test structures by loading them
to failure.
Engineers design bridges for maximum
strength-to-weight ratio.
Unfortunately, these ideas don’t quite cut
it.
Engineering I





The essence of engineering is design.
Engineering design entails the application of
math, science, and technology to create
something that meets a human need.
The engineering design process is, at the
same time, both systematic and creative.
And the engineering design process is always
iterative: engineers must explore many
different alternatives before they can hope to
achieve an optimum solution.
These are the essential characteristics of
engineering.
Engineering I






Define Mathematics.
Define Science.
Define Technology.
Mathematics - The study of the measurement,
properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using
numbers and symbols.
Science - systematic knowledge of the physical or
material world gained through observation and
experimentation.
Technology - ??
Engineering I

What is Technology?


Construct a definition of Technology
What is an “-ology?”
Sociology, Biology, Psychology
 “Ology” – derived from Logos, meaning “study
of”


So what is good working definition of the
word “Technology”?
Engineering I





How old is technology?
Many archaeologists, sociologists believe
ONE technology has shaped our society to
what it is today. Can you guess what it is?
The plow!
What were the societal effects of this
technology?
What innovations were made on it?
Engineering I


Our earliest ancestors had to develop
ways to solve problems.
Ancient men……. Look at our teeth.
It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of
strict carnivores.
 It is also a fact that our digestive systems
differ from strict carnivores

Engineering I







In order to eat we needed to develop tools.
Tools are the first essential element for all
technology systems.
These tools are made of materials (2nd)
We name eras according to material usage
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Engineering I


Invention of the plow coincides with
domestication of animals in agriculture,
likely oxen in Mesopotamia
Importance of Agricultural Based tools:


Plow, Carts, Carriages, Water Wheels.
The waterwheel was invented around 240
BC. It was used primarily to grind grain for
food.
Engineering I

What was used prior to the water wheel for
grinding grain?
Grinding Stones -
Is this technology?
Engineering I




Adaptations today resemble turbines spun by
the flow of water through a sluice in a dam.
Additional gears and fly wheels were set up to
the original waterwheels to spin milling
equipment for lumber.
Man adapted his tools to satisfy needs.
Can you see the changes these technologies
made in the way man lived?
Engineering I



Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one!
What is it made of?
We call these materials resources.
Natural and Man-made.
 Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable.


What were the effects of this technology?


How has “drive-thru” technology altered our
society?
So now – Define technology!
Engineering I

Technology defined:



The study of applying scientific knowledge to solve
practical problems by converting available resources
into useful products for society
Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique
academic-based body of knowledge.
However, how do you think technology differs
from “traditional” academic subjects?
Engineering I

Technology is a system having seven essential
elements:







Capital
Energy
Resources/Materials
Tools
People
Information
Time
Engineering I

Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South
American rainforest. These monkeys eat brazil nuts off trees. The
shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can
use a rock to break the shell of the nut open and get to the fruit
inside it.

According to our definition…is this technology?
Other examples?

Engineering I






All Technology can be grouped into five
general classifications:
Construction
Transportation
Manufacturing
Communication
Bio-related
Engineering I








Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows
knowledge and information from all other academic areas:
Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants)
Tech and Math (wind load on buildings)
Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers)
Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility)
Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy)
Tech and Music (Instruments are tools)
Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)
M.C. Escher Artwork
Engineering I



So know lets examine engineering.
Engineering design entails the application of math,
science, and technology to create something that meets
a human need.
Human need is central.
Engineering I


Egyptian Engineers
 Imhotep: Engineer to King Djoser
 Considered the first engineer, architect, &
physician in history known by name
 Pyramids, Dams, and Canals
Mesopotamian Engineers
 The wheel!
 First Canals built by the Sumerians
of Southern Mesopotamia
 Home and Wall construction
 Iron weaponry
 Aqueducts and paved streets of
King Engineer Sennacherib
Engineering I

Greek Engineers:






Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians
and Mesopotamians
1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks.
Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist
and engineer.
Allegedly designed world’s first artificial, self-propelled
flying device: mechanical bird that flew using
compressed air/steam.
Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and
Oriental people.
Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a
result of Hellenistic Greece.
Roman Engineers




Romans were adaptive engineers;
building off others ideas.
Most were civil engineers developing
roads, bridges, etc.
Significant advances in architecture
and everyday machinery.
Kingdom of Anatolia: Indirect Central Heating



System was called the hypocaust
Discovery of Cement!
Use of the waterwheel, trusses
and the pendentive.
Engineering I

The Oriental Engineers:





Centered on religious activities.
Indian – Skills with iron works
Arabic – Skills with water clocks and
waterwheels and the first practical windmill.
Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed
bridges, canals and dams.
The European Engineers:




Middle Ages was the height of invention.
Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress
18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building.
Renaissance saw the advent of engineering
schools and engineering became a defined
discipline.
Careers in Engineering



ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology.
Engineering defined as:
 The profession which the knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study,
experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to
develop ways to use, economically, the materials and
forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.
Careers in Engineering


Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer.
 They do overlap.
 There are several sub-categories under each of the
major headings.
Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by
engineers.
 Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources,
Sales, Financial Management
 Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the
head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.
Careers in Engineering

Disciplines:




Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating
under different speeds and altitudes.
Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the
production and processing of agricultural products.
Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic
integrity of structures.
Chemical: the development of processes, and the
design and operation of plants in which materials
undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.
Careers in Engineering

Disciplines:




Civil: All principalities of communication,
transportation, construction, and manufacturing.
Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from
electric light, power systems to electronic appliances
including computer engineers.
Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems.
Mechanical: machines, production of power, and
manufacturing methods.
Careers in Engineering

Disciplines:


Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology.
Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous
hydrocarbon products from the earth.
Careers in Engineering

Assignment:

Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation








2 people per team maximum
5 slide minimum
5 related pictures or illustrations
Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school.
Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline.
Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years,
three Georgia schools offering the degree program, three nonGeorgia schools offering the degree program.
Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples
of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD
HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS).
Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.