Transcript Sociology: Then and Now - Valley Central School District

Justin Bieber Fan Club
List how many groups you are
part of
FOCUS:
How did the field of sociology
develop?
Who are the early Sociologists?
How are these theories different?
What are some CURRENT theories?
Write these down in your
notebook
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Industrial Revolution
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Rural
Economy
Changes to
Industrial
Economy
Growth of
Cities
Housing shortages, crime, poverty, different lifestyles
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Interactions used to be based on personal relationships
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Impersonal nature of cities –relationships now based
on work
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Relationships no longer
personal, less helpful, more
anonymous. People became
frustrated, many were
poor and some were
wealthy – middle class
develops – political
revolutions…
Many also questioned
religious and traditional
explanations of life
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I was born in
January actually,
I don’t know
why my mom
named me
Auguste
• 1st to apply research to study social life
• Focused on Social Order and Social Change
•Influenced by Charles Darwin
•Social change and unrest were natural and
led to stability and perfection
•No steps should be taken to correct
problems – best aspects of society would
survive over time.
I don’t know
where my hair
stops and my
beard begins?
It is me, Karl. I started
Communism.
Yeah…yeah…I know. It
didn’t work out well.
• Society structured by
economy
• Two classes: proletariat
(workers) and bourgeoisie
(capitalists)
• Imbalance would lead to
revolution and be primary
cause of social change
• CONFLICT THEORY
• Believed shared beliefs/values held
society together
• Viewed these parts as functions
• FUNCTIONALISM
• Sociologists should study features
that are observable and can be
tested.
• Father of Sociology – 1st to make it
a Science
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Verstehen!
NO! I am not sneezing!
• More interested in separate groups in society
• Focus: effect of SOCIETY on the INDIVIDUAL
• Should go beyond study of observations – but uncover feelings and
thoughts of individuals
• Principle of VERSTEHEN –translates to Meaningful Understanding"
putting yourself in the shoes of others to see things from their
perspective.
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• How did the field of sociology
develop?
• Who are the early Sociologists?
• What did Herbert Spencer believe?
• What did Karl Marx believe?
• What type of viewpoint is Max
Weber known for?
• What is Emile Durkheim known for?
What do sociologists look at?
• CAUSE=Direct result of an action/issue/event
• CORRELATION= Related to action/issue/event
but not necessarily a cause. Ex. You have more
of a probability of dying if you go to the
hospital.
In three words or less, describe “who” you are
in:
Math Class
Lunch
Gym
Last weekend
What is your sociological identity?
The collection of group memberships
that determine your identity
Student
Daughter
Son
Sister
Brother
Employee
Volunteer
Musician
Dancer
Writer
Mathematician
Friend
Colleague
Neighbor…..
How is Sociology Scientific?
Sociology
Study of human
behavior in groups
What people do?
Why they do it?
Sociologists use
the Scientific
Method to study
Politics, race, location,
gender, culture,
socioeconomic issues,
etc
All interact with each
other – causing group
behavior
What is a
Sociological Perspective?
Studying groups
without attributing your
own opinions or values
Sociology seeks to see
how society “is”, not
what it should be
What is a Sociological Imagination?
The ability to
see a
connection
Between you
And the larger
world
View the world through other’s eyes
Look beyond commonly held beliefs to hidden meanings
What is racism?
A questions
about ideas that
is answered by
other ideas
Moral Question
Theoretical Question
Empirical Questions
Can be
answered by
gathering facts
Different from
other types of
questions
Should there be
racism?
Empirical Question
Why do Sociologists use Empirical
Questions?
A question that
asks you to make
a value judgment
Does racism exist
in society?
A question that
can be answered
with
observations and
investigation
Sociology is a Science –using observations
and research can provide data that can be
measured
Does the quantity of social ties affect the quality of social ties?
(Does having more acquaintances harm or help close friendships?)
Is inequality inherited?
(Do people raised in poverty go on to different jobs than those who
were raised with wealth?)
Does working hard guarantee success?
(Does working hard determine quality of life or do issues like illness,
disabilities, economics, geographic location limit success?)
Summary
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What is Sociology?
What is sociological identity
What kinds of questions are there?
How do sociologists measure society?
What is sociological perspective?
What is sociological imagination?
In what areas do sociologists work?
What content areas do sociologists look at
and why?
• Out of all the following below, which of these
people is more likely to commit suicide?
• Explain your answers
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Leah
Sullivan
Age 13
Julien Hug 35
Tyler Clementi
18
Justin De'Andre James, 8
Jessica Fashano , 27
Abraham Biggs, 1925
Emile Durkheim’s Suicide Study: 1897
• Wrote the first book in the field of
Sociology.
• Durkheim explored the differing suicide
rates among Protestants and Catholics,
arguing that stronger social norms among
Catholics results in lower suicide rates.
• Concluded that social unity and lack of
isolation was more related to suicide than
religion
Durkheim’s Types of Suicides
• Egoistic suicide: reflects a prolonged sense of not
belonging, of not being integrated in a community
• No bond to social groups (well-defined values,
traditions, norms, and goals)
• Were left with little social support or guidance
• Altruistic suicide: is characterized by a sense of
being overwhelmed by a group's goals and beliefs.
It occurs in societies where individual needs are seen
as less important than the society's needs as a
whole. (cults, military).
• Anomic suicide: reflects an individual's moral
confusion and lack of social direction, which
is related to dramatic social and economic
upheaval….can’t adjust to life changes.
(Economic conditions cause rise/fall – lost “dreams”.
• Fatalistic suicide: the opposite of anomic
suicide, when a person is excessively
regulated. Prisons, institutions.
Results of Durkheim’s Study:
• Suicide rates are higher in men than women (although married women
who remained childless for a number of years ended up with a high
suicide rate)
• Suicide rates are higher for those who are single than those who are
married
• Suicide rates are higher for people without children than people with
children
• Suicide rates are higher among Protestants than Catholics and Jews
• Suicide rates are higher among soldiers than civilians
• Suicide rates are higher in times of peace than in times of war Suicide
rates are higher in Scandinavian countries
• the higher the education level, the more likely it was that an individual
would commit suicide, however
• Durkheim established that there is more correlation between an
individual's religion and suicide rate than an individual's education level;
Jewish people were generally highly educated but had a low suicide rate.
Current Day Statistical Proven Causes of Suicide:
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The death of a loved one.
A divorce, separation, or breakup of a relationship.
Losing custody of children, or feeling that a child custody decision is not fair.
A serious loss, such as a loss of a job, house, or money.
A serious illness.
A terminal illness.
A serious accident.
Chronic physical pain.
Intense emotional pain.
Loss of hope.
Being victimized (domestic violence, rape, assault, etc).
A loved one being victimized (child murder, child molestation, kidnapping, murder,
rape, assault, etc.).
Physical abuse.
Verbal abuse.
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Sexual abuse.
Unresolved abuse (of any kind) from the past.
Feeling "trapped" in a situation perceived as negative.
Feeling that things will never "get better."
Feeling helpless.
Serious legal problems, such as criminal prosecution or incarceration.
Feeling "taken advantage of."
Inability to deal with a perceived "humiliating" situation.
Inability to deal with a perceived "failure."
Alcohol abuse.
Drug abuse.
A feeling of not being accepted by family, friends, or society.
A horrible disappointment.
Feeling like one has not lived up to his or her high expectations or those of
another.
• Bullying. (Adults, as well as children, can be bullied.)
• Low self-esteem
• What reasons did you use for your
“causes” of suicide?
• What did Emile Durkheim discover
in his “Suicide Studies”?
• What is the difference between
cause and causation?
• What is Anomic suicide?
• What is Egoistic suicide?
• What is Altruistic suicide?
Sociology
• Friday, February 10th Test on all material in
notes.
Do Now:
• What kind of car do you want?
• Why?
• What are your plans for the prom? (Where will you get
your clothes? How will you get there? Are you going to
the hair salon, nail salon?)
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What are some Current Sociology
Theories?
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Current Perspectives
• Comte, Spencer, Durkheim
• Society a set of interrelated
parts that work together to
produce a stable society
• Consensus
• Not all elements run smoothly
• DYSFUNCTION: negative
consequence for the lack of
stability in society
• Example: Crime – disrupts –
not stabilizes
• There are positive functions
and negative functions
• Each can be either
• MANIFEST or LATENT
• Manifest: intended
consequence
• Latent: unintended
consequence
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Example:
A Manifest function
of a car is to provide
transportation
A Latent function
of a car is to gain
social standing
through a display
of wealth
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Can you list things in society that have
both Manifest and Latent Functions?
In a group of three….brainstorm items, institutions,
etc. that have both Manifest and Latent Functions
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• What are theories behind
Functionalist Theory?
• What is Manifest Content?
• What is Latent Content?
• What is “a negative consequence for
the lack of stability in society”
called?
Exit Quiz
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What is Manifest Function?
What is Latent Function?
What is Conflict Theory?
List three (3) relationships you have that
illustrate conflict theory
•People in society who possess more
power in society control others with
less power – what theory is this?
•How does this theory play a role in
America?
•How did this theory play a role in
your life?
•How is this important in change in
society?
Did you greet anyone yet today in the hallway?
Describe three people you greeted and how you greeted them.
• How would you greet someone:
1. You see every day
2. You work with
3. You haven’t seen in a long time
• Functionalists and Conflict
Theorists focus on society in
general or groups
• Interactionists focus on
individuals and their
interaction with each other
• Role of symbols in life
• Symbol: anything that
represents something else
Example: objects, words,
gestures
American flag, salute, a high
five, slang
How people use symbols is
symbolic interaction
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Interactionist Activity 1.
Volunteers come up to express the word
given to you to the class without talking
Interactionist Activity Wrap Up
• Was it difficult to get your point across using
only “symbols”?
• Are there any symbols that you used in a
different state or country that are entirely
different here?
• Are there any symbols you use at home that
only the micro-culture of your family would
understand?
• What is “Looking Glass Self”?
Can you list four (4)
groups in society
that possibly
illustrate Conflict
Perspective?
Reading 1
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Current Perspectives
Conflict Perspective
• Karl Marx
• People in society who
possess more power in
society control others with
less power
• Study various groups:
women and men, race,
family, employers and
employees, etc.
Competition over scarce
resources (power, wealth)
Group gains control of it –
establish rules and procedures
to keep it
Protect their interests at
expense of other groups
Leads to social conflict – social
change – inevitable in society
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Institutions and relationships that
are inherently in conflict
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Employee/Boss
Teacher/Student
Principal/Student
College Prof./Student
Coach/Player
Landlord/Tenant
Police/Citizen
Shopkeeper/Customer
Parent/child
Wealthy/poor
Name some relationships in
which you are in conflict with
each day – whether or not you
are the controller…or controlled.
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Group – present your list of conflicts
Are you the controller…or controlled?
Put “controlled” on left side of paper
Put “controller on right side of paper
In what role do you play most?
What is Conflict
Perspective?
What is Interactionist
Perspective?
Give an example of a
symbol?
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Homework Assignment: Test
Grade
You are a sociologist studying an issue of your
choice.
Find an article about your issue and in a five (5)
paragraph essay look at it from one of the below
viewpoints
Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
Due: February 9th
Wrap Up
• What event started the need for sociology?
• Why?
• What did Emile Durkheim study and what were his
observations?
• What is a correlation? Give an example
• What would be a direct cause?
• What is manifest content?
• What is latent content?
• What do interactionists look at?
Why is it important to measure assumptions before accepting
them as fact?
What do we do?
In your group you must define and choose five (5) different
group members to interview and how many members of
that group to survey.
• Assign a group member to an interview (s)
• Create a survey with at least ten (10) questions. Try to create
measurable questions as they are easier to tabulate and
create data from. Multiple choice, True or False, “On a scale of
1 to 5, 5 being the most and 1 being the least…” etc.
• Who will type the survey, hand out, collect and measure,
create charts, where, when, etc.
• Your group must include sociological research in reference to
their topic.
• Hand in list of group members and their assignments
• Create a PowerPoint Presentation on your Project
Computer Lab for Sociology Project
• Can create PowerPoints, calculate survey
answers, prepare presentations, etc.
• Computer Lab is in room 223.
Sociology Project DUE
• Valley Central High School Sociology Project: Due Feb. 27
2012 Group Culture and Perceptions
• Your group will choose an issue at Valley Central High School
and explore this issue using a sociological perspective. You will
collect information from different groups to create a survey.
Make sure you DO NOT demean or make fun of ANY group –
this is Sociology Class and a certain maturity level is expected.
• Work together – you are studying groups, group interaction,
and also working together in a group. You are responsible for
making sure each member has a role and is accountable for it.
What are you looking for?
• Choose an issue as a basis for your survey. Examples:
Perceptions about North Cafeteria vs. South Cafeteria, Race
and Ethnicity, Bullying Perception, Groups and Cliques, Drug
Use, Perceptions about high school experience, VC Trends, etc.
Project Grading Rubric:
1-10 points each. 50 pts. =100
1. Project contains data from surveys. Group used
data to try and explain the results of their issue.
2. Multiple surveys were created, given out and
collected. No demeaning or insulting stereotypes
3. Contains at least: One (1) pie chart/bar graph, Six
(6) or more slides explaining results.
4. A summary explaining your perceptions of your
results. Did the data prove your expectations? Were
there any surprises or obstacles you didn’t foresee?
5. Visually pleasing, neat, creative, interesting.
You MUST…
• Make sure you DO NOT demean or make fun
of ANY group – this is Sociology Class and a
certain maturity level is expected.
• Work together – you are studying groups,
group interaction, and also working together
in a group. You are responsible for making
sure each member has a role and is
accountable for it.
Do Now:
(Hand in from yesterday)
Straight Man in a Gay World
• 1. What are the two viewpoints being
explored in this episode
• 2. Why did the Castro District become a mecca
for gay rights?
• 3. Describe a scene where one of them is
faced with experiencing the opposite
viewpoint and their reaction.
• 4. At what point do you think there was a
turning point?
How and when did the field of sociology start?
Who are the early Sociologists?
What is manifest? Latent?
What was Durkheim known for?
What is Functionalism?
What did Comte believe?
What did Weber believe?
What did Spencer believe
What did Marx believe?
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Common Core Standards:
Unit I Introduction to Early Sociology & Theories
I. RS: History/Social Science 11-12
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Reading 1: Interactionist Theory: 6. 8.
II RS: Science Technical 11-12
2. 6.8.
• Reading 2: Cooley’s Looking Glass Self: 1. 6. 7. 8.
• Reading 3: What is Conflict Theory?: 2. 4. 6.
• Reading 4: Functionalist Theory: 2. 6.
I. WS History/Science/Tech 11-12
Writing 1 a. b. e.
Anchor: Reading:
Domain specific, evaluate, differentiate, analyze, compare multiple theories, synthesize, (through
activities), nonfiction technical, primary source excerpts, data use, validity.
Sociological Experiment PROJECT:
Anchor: History, Science/Tech 11-12: assert/defend claims, convey clearly, evidence, research,
produce, collaborate, publish, multiple sources, reflect, revise
Anchor: Reading Science/Tech11-12: evaluate, argue, differentiate, analyze, challenge, diagrams
and data, compare, validity, quantitative evidence.
Fact Finders
• http://2010.census.gov/2010census/
• http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pa
ges/index.xhtml
Survey for Teachers
• http://freeonlinesurveys.com/rendersurvey.as
p?sid=2hxgfcx0d1d6kgb968868
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