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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Sociology
 What is Sociology? Any ideas? What do you
already know?
 Sociology is the social science that studies
human society and social behavior.
 -Sociologists make connections between
behavior and society by asking questions and
solving problems.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
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Create 6-10 questions you would ask
these people to better understand
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their society.
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
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Create 6-10 questions you would ask
these people to better understand their
society.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Understanding the significances of
studying human behavior activity
 Create a list of as many things as you can think of to describe
yourself.
 Review you list and then cross off everything listed that
describes yourself as an individual. (hair color, academic
achievements) Leave all the things that describe you in terms
of your relationships with others. (positions in your family,
groups and friends)
 All of those items still listed are indications that we are not
simply members of a society but that we also identify
ourselves in social terms.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
CHAPTER 1
The Sociological Point of View
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Objectives:
 Describe what sociology is and explain what it
means to have a sociological imagination.
 Explain how sociology is similar to and
different from other social sciences.
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Ch. 1 section 1 Terms and People (Define and Identify)
 Anthropology Economics History Political Science Psychology Sociological Imagination Social Interaction-
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 Sociological Perspective Social Phenomena Social Psychology Social Science Socialism C. Wright Mills-
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Comparing Sociology to
Other Social Sciences
 SIMILAR: examines the relations between
society and culture, the individual economics,
politics, and past events which are all the focus
of one or more of the social sciences
 DIFFERENT: sociologists are mainly
interested in social interaction and tend to
focus on the group rather than the individual
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section: 1 Examining Social Life
Question:
How can having a sociological perspective help one
look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden
meanings behind human actions?
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Section: 1 Examining Social Life
1. The sociological perspective helps you see that all
people are social beings.
2. It tells you that your behavior is influenced by social
factors and that your learned behavior is influenced
from others.
• The clothes that you wear.
• Voting for the same candidate as your
parents.
3. The sociological perspective allows you to see beyond
your own day to day life by viewing the world
through other’s eyes.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section: 1 Examining Social Life
1. Using the Sociological perspective is a fresh way of
looking at a familiar surrounding.
2. Look at paperweight / snow globe with the snow
scene in it. This represents a microcosm (a little
world) of society. You are not part of that society,
you are separated from it and therefore, are able to
see it from all angels with an objective perspective.
3. This is the perspective of sociologist. It has no
biases, no prejudices. This is how one should study
societies throughout the world.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Question:
What does it mean to have a Sociological
Imagination?
 A sociological imagination is the ability to see the
connection between the larger world and one’s
personal life.
 C. Wright Mills describes this as:
“the capacity to range from the most impersonal and
remote to the most intimate features of the human selfand to see the relations between the two.”
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Section 1: Examining Social Life
Teacher
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
Future of the world
My connection
between the
larger world and
my own personal
life.
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Examining Social Life
Individual
Teacher
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
Donating Blood
Future of the world
My connection
between the
larger world and
my own personal
life.
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SECTION 1
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
SOCIOLOGY
Examining Social Life
Illustration
SOCIOLOGICAL
IMAGINATION
?
?
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Create your own
Illustration
?
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
Objectives:
 Describe how the field of sociology developed.
 Explain how the focuses of the three main
theoretical perspectives in sociology differ.
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Conflict PerspectiveDysfunctionalFunctionFunctionalist PerspectiveIdeal TypeTheoryInteractionist perspectiveLatent FunctionManifest Function-
Social DarwinismSymbolSymbolic InteractionTheoretical PerspectiveVerstehen-
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Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
The Development of Sociology
 The rapid social and political changes that took place in
Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution
 Rapid growth of urban populations produced a multitude of
social problems
 Over time, it became more difficult to ignore the effect of
society on the individual
 Sweeping political, social, and economic changes caused some
scholars to question the traditional explanations of life and
attempted to prove their beliefs using a variety of methods
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5 Early Sociologists
August Comte (1798 – 1857)
 Considered Founder of Sociology and coined
the term
 He focused on social order and social change
 The basic principles of these 2 forces could be
uncovered through scientific research
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SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Herbert Spencer (1820 – 1903)
 Strongly influenced by Charles Darwin
 Society is a set of interdependent parts that
work together to maintain the system over
time.
 Social change and unrest were natural
 Coined phrase “survival of the fittest”
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 Did not believe you needed to intervene to
correct social ills, that they would correct
themselves over time.
 Called Social Darwinism
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Karl Marx (1818 – 1883)
 Believed that the structure of society is
influenced by how its economy is organized
 2 classes of people – bourgeoisie and
proletariat
 Proletariat must violently overthrow the
bougeoisie
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 Emphasized that conflict was the primary
cause of social change
 Became known as conflict theory
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Emile Durkheim (1858 – 1917)
 Developed the first university sociology course
 Viewed the interdependent parts of society in
terms of their function
 A function is the consequence that an element
of society produces for the maintenance of its
social system.
 Believed that sociologists should only study
features of society that are directly observable
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Max Weber (1864 – 1920)
 He was interested in separate groups within
society rather than society as a whole.
 Verstchen – attempting to understand the
meaning individuals attach to their actions
 Ideal type – a description comprised of the
essential characteristics of a feature of society
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SECTION 2
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
Question:
What are the three main
theoretical perspectives in
sociology and how do they
differ in their focus?
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Section 2: Sociology: Then and Now
Three Main Theoretical Perspectives
Differ in Focus
 FUNCTIONALISTS – see society as a set of interrelated parts
that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on
functions and dysfunctions
 CONFLICT THEORISTS – focus on forces in society that
promote competition and change; see social change as an
inevitable feature of society
 INTERACTIONISTS – focus on how individuals interact in
society and on the meanings individuals attach to their own
and to other’s actions
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SECTION 2
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
SOCIOLOGY
Sociology: Then and Now
Functionalists
see society as a set of
interrelated parts that work
together to produce a stable
social system; focus on
functions and dysfunctions
THREE SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVES
Conflict Theorists
Interactionists
focus of forces in society that
promote competition and
change; see social change as
an inevitable feature of society
focus on how individuals
interact in society and on the
meanings individuals attach to
their own and others’ actions
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CHAPTER 1
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
SOCIOLOGY
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. What is the main focus of sociology?
2. What does it mean to have a sociological
perspective and sociological imagination?
3. What are the differences between sociology and
other social sciences?
4. Identify the major early sociologists.
5. What are the three main theoretical
perspectives in sociology, and which of the
founders of sociology is connected to which
perspective?
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CHAPTER 1
THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
SOCIOLOGY
Short Essay Questions
Answer 3 of the following 5 questions.
1) How did Max Weber’s approach (perspective) to sociology differ from that of Comte,
Spence, Marx, and Durkheim?
2) Explain how the focus of Sociology is both different and similar to the focus of the
other Social Sciences. You must address at least 4 other Social Sciences and be sure to give
examples in your response.
3) Explain the historical factors which led to the development of Sociology as a distinct
field of study. Be sure to address changes in society at that time.
4) Identify and describe the 3 main theoretical perspectives in sociology, be sure to include
a real world example of each.
5) Explain how developing a Sociological Perspective and a Sociological Imagination can
help you in your daily life? Be sure to define both terms in your response.
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