Transcript (MLU) area

Formation of
Multi-habitat for a Sustainable City
1.Introduction-Participatory Process-oriented Planning
Prof. Toshinobu FUJII
Faculty of Regional Development Studies
Toyo University
Another way of planning
• Needs of residents → housing
→public facilities/infrastructure
• In a search for another way of planning,
the lesson on Asian cities is not
necessarily unscientific,
• because these cities have possibilities to
construct multi-habitat systems as
strategic developments.
Mixed Land Use and Multi-habitat
• MLU accompanies usually with diversified
livings as one type of multi-habitat
• In Asian Mega-cities, there are mixed land use
(MLU) areas expanded mainly in inner city
between CBD and residential suburbs.
• MLU areas have been left sustainable without
any special planning, or have changed
autonomously being influenced by the socioeconomic change of a whole city.
Mixed Land Use and Multi-habit
• Considering the quality of urban life formed
historically in the MLU area, and realizing
these areas are left largely in the built-up
areas in Asian-cities, the new concept of multihabitat have to be established as a strategic
planning.
• Since the currency of globalization has made
economic growth to Asian Mega-cities,
disparities between rich and poor have become
widen, subdivided communities has weaken
traditional welfare system to leave individual
activities.
An Image of Multi-habitat
An image of Multi-habit
Urban Area and Mixed Land Use (MLU) area
• Spatial expansion of urban areas has enlarged
to both sides of CBD and suburbs from the
MLU areas, which had once occupied most
areas in traditional commercial cities.
• Up until now, the MLU area has been left
sustainable with a spontaneous improvement
that residents have took on their initiatives,
usually in cooperation with a historical and
cultural code of the district.
Multi-habitat expansion of urban areas and mixed land use areas
Two types of urban form
A type of urban form
Mixed land use
B type of urban form
(interactive)
Zoning
(division and connection)
Autonomic organization
Network organization
Human scale
Machine scale
Sustainable environment
Segregational environment
Community- based society
Associational society
Heterogeneous life style
Homogeneous life style
Traditional origin
Modern origin
SOHO/Workplace adjacent to home
Traffic congestion/long distance commuting
Rebuilding Mixed Land Use (MLU) area
• The formation of appropriate MLU area will
be promoted by encouraging the dispersing of
business facilities to residential areas
especially along roadsides, or constructing
housings into CBD, making use of
characteristic of the built-in MLU areas.
• Multi-habitat allows residents first to have
better opportunities to obtain jobs in nearby
areas, and second to keep communities with
sustainability based on their cooperative
relationship.
Rebuilding Mixed Land Use (MLU) area
• It also could make it possible for people to
communicate with each other and get
information directly, since it has formed a
certain order of urban activities for residents
to live together in a long time.
• In other point of view, multi-habit has
possibilities also for establishing new urban
life styles such as the ways of SOHO in MLU
areas.
MLU areas in Tokyo Metropolitan
• Between the central area and the residential
suburbs, the most of inner areas of MLU have
been left, since the demand for redevelopment
has presented in these areas.
• MLU areas have been located usually in a
density-inhabited and built-up area, where the
condition of physical environment is not as much
as a recommended level.
• Living in rather a shabby environment, residents
have organized committees for social activities
and human relationships among residents have
kept on well for they have lived in long time.
MLU areas in Tokyo Metropolitan
• These areas are so-called the inner-city areas
which has been defined by western sociologists as
the transition zone (Burgess 1935) where socioeconomic and environmental problems are
pointed out intensively and to be changed to
specific land use areas by development.
• Looking in Tokyo, these areas seem to be different
from the ones of the western cities because many
of the residents have jobs in diversified
workplaces adjacent to their home, and some
autonomous social systems are carried out in the
areas, which are the same as of the Asian Megacities.
Community Development to Sustainable
Multi-habitat
• Multi-habitat in communities would be a key
concept for realizing a sustainable living
environment.
• Because it has a possibility to absorb in a
development impact within its capacity, smallscale industries, people’s incentive and
process-oriented ways of living are found in
the communities.
Multi-habitat land use of inner city areas
Case of Kyojima
• In Kyojima the eastern areas of inner Tokyo,
congestion (300persons/ha), dilapidated housings
and shortage of community facilities have been
one of subjects to be solved under the pressure of
relocation and redevelopment for building
business offices or high-rise housings to catch up
with the rising land prices owing to economic
growth.
• They have wanted to stay home with acceptances
of improvements and rehabilitation. The
organized committee has started to implement
the project how they live safety in the areas.
Multi-habitat housings and a lane in Kyojima
Multi-habitat land use of Kyojima
Multi-habitat transition of mixed land use in Kyojima
Case of Kyojima
• Establishing a healthy and comfortable
living environment,
• Keeping a certain balance and closer
proximity between workplace and
housing,
• Securing a safety environment from
disasters.
Multi-habitat congestion of housings in Kyojima
Case of Kyojima
• They carried the strategies supported by the
consultant as follows;
• a) Planning the district into 5 zones considering
improvement of land use.
• b) Reconstructing community roads based on the
former utilization.
• c) Rebuilding dilapidated housings and unifying
narrow lots to build cooperative housings.
• d) Building community facilities.
Multi-habitat the plan of Kyojima
Multi-habitat improvement of the project
Multi-habitat extension of road with housing in cooperation
Multi-habitat cooperative housing for rent
Case of Kyojima
• The Kyojima story suggests that the
participatory improvement on the
partnership between an administration
and a community can rebuild their
physical environment and keep on their
lives with multi-habitat.
Region
Type of multi-habitation
Mega-City
Linkage between cities(centers) and Decentralization
villages to form a discontinuous unity Comprehensive control
Conservation of natural sources
Utilization of urban stocks
Rebuilding MLU areas
Sustainable and endogenous development
Networking of communities
Socio-economic development involving
informal sector
Formation of ethnic society
Networking of communities
Participatory Process-oriented Planning
Community development
Community Based Development
Urban Area
Community
Development Policies
Conclusion
• the living way of multi-habitat based on
both a community
that aims at
reconstructing a proximity to diversified
workspaces, developing of small scale
industries, holding a cultural complexity
and securing environment for human
development, should be plugged in the
layer of built-in urban areas, and able to
keep sustainable community lives with
their initiatives.
open space in a community
Thank you