Transcript Soc 100 Lect 14.C7 Deviance - California State University, Bakersfield

Edited 3/31/01
Soc 100 C7 Deviance
Deviance and Social Control
1
• “Society prepares the
crime; the criminal
commits it”
• Billy Wagner
Introduction 1
Two types of deviance
Deviance (chapter 7
1. Personal and patterned deviance within an institutional
framework--Deviant acts survey
Collective Behavior (chapter 17 )
2. Social behavior directed toward changing social
institutions
2
Chapter 7
Deviance and Social Control
0. Introduction* Answer deviance questions-in workbook
1. What is Deviance *
2. Theories of Deviance *
3. Crime and The justice System *
3
0. Introduction
Beer Crisis of 1621: Pilgrims and other settlers drank beer. It was
felt safer then the water in European cities but there was limited
supplies on the Mayflower. After negotiation the captain shared the
ship’s beer, vital for the trip home, with the settlers. All, even
children drank with meals. Today much of this would be felt to be
deviant. Text page 227
Models and Deviance: some examples
(1) Push--biological reasons, phrenology, body types, XXY
chromosomes, etc.
(2) Mixed/WW--Freud would see repression, regression,
stuck at a stage or parent-child relationship (uncaring,
arbitrary and/or punitive).
(3) Religious--original sin, “sinners who had succumbed to
temptation or …been taken over by evil spirits or the devil”
(p239 6th ed.)
(4) Legal--violation of formal rules
4
1. What is Deviance: Sociological
Sociologically: "breach of social order, violation of
social rules and expectations, elicits disapproval"
(1) deviance is universal --not in 6th edition *
(2) the definition [content] of deviance is highly varied --not
in 6th edition *
(3) the functions of deviance --not in 6th edition *
(4) deviance and social control *
(5) irony of social control --not in 6th edition *
Absolutist position deviance lies within the act, viewed as a
transgression against god. Examples: “right to life”, “animal
rights” as well as lots of ethnocentric beliefs.
5
(1) deviance is universal
• People universally differentiate between
acceptable and unacceptable behavior
• Responses to deviance vary with intensity
from disgust to outrage
• Though social definitions creating deviance
are universal specific behaviors defined as
deviance are highly varied
Examples of variations historically and cross culturally are
“Drinking in America” and “International Trends in Alcohol
Consumption” (text page 229-235)
6
(2) the definition [content] of deviance is highly varied
-place
-time
-actor
Belgium & Netherlands MJ legal, Arabs hash hish ok, alcohol
no; Hindus beef no Muslims & Jews pork no; Eskimos sex
hospitality ok
Opium in 1900 ok; marihuana 1930's "Reefer Madness"
marihuana 60's 0k; marihuana 1992 no;
Coca-Cola ["dope"-cocaine] 1903 ok; valium 1992 OK;
desert storm Dexedrine and relaxants OK
child temper tantrums ok; MD "take off clothes" ok
sharp military commands ok; authoritarian teacher "rude"
rape by black of white in old south death ;
rape by white of black in old south not a crime
-situation
-audience
-power
7
claim to be Napoleon; theater ok ; at home mental illness
killing: self defense ok; protect weak ok; war ok;
in an argument Murder
rowdy, noisy behavior; party & drinking ok,
work or school bad
parents, friends, coworkers, other students
drug types and SES, rape SES, roles (prostitute, husband, date)
Examples of time and place in US
Where and how you get your “drugs” makes the difference
between legal and illegal
(3) the functions of deviance.
Not in text
-Establish boundaries
Labeling certain behavior and people
as outside the limits of the group
(marriage, friendship)
-Promote internal stability
Norms are not concrete, thus censure
reaffirms norms and establishes the
limits of acceptable behavior
8
Pornography X Violence
Not in text
• studied since 60's
• no scientific evidence sexually explicit material
cause sex crimes
• limited evidence pairing of violence and sex may
indirectly shape attitudes for some
• Denmark, as hard core pornography became
available (legal) sex crime rate decreased
• some research finds child molesters, rapists had
less contact with sexually explicit material as adolescents
than non-offenders
• among non offenders extensive exposure to "pornography'
leads to boredom
• exposure of male college students to deceptions of sexual
violence against women increased their saying they would
commit rape if no risk
Kensey Report May 19, 92 SFC
9
(4) deviance and social control*
Social Control; any efforts to prevent
or punish deviance
Sanctions; specific reinforces to obtain conformity
(a) Positive sanctions; pat on the back, "good boy"
(b) Negative sanctions; failure on a test, rejection
(c) Formal sanctions and Formal social controls;
(institutional, laws, official rules,
promotions, firing, scholarships)
results are advances, fines, jail...
(d) Informal sanctions, gossip, pat on the back, smile....
Effectiveness;
[MOST] internalized-> informal->formal [LEAST]
10
(5) irony of social control
Not text
"Social controls can contribute to deviance"
Gary Marx 1981
(a.) escalation; defines, upgrades violence
e.g. riots, traffic chase, drugs more
profitable, air conditioning fluid
(b) nonenforcement, defines behavior as OK
e.g. allowing gambling, prostitution
informants, observing illegal
without action
(c) covert facilitation, (deliberately encourage)
e.g. pose as easy prey (old, tourists...)
send illegal porno mail (Iowa man)
Set up decelerate illegal operation
( abscam, fence operations)
11
2. Theories of Deviance *
Psychological theories----why certain individuals deviate
(1) Biological/Psychological theories
"Born to be Bad”, regression or repression...
Sociological theories------circumstances promoting deviance
(2) Social theories
a. Social learning *
b. Labeling *
c. Anomie *
d. Control theories
e. Social Structure *
f. Cultural Transmission *
12
g. Conflict theories
2. Social theories of deviance
a. Social learning-most general sociological position
“Social learning”; The overall Sociological deviance
position
--all is learned to a sociologist.
--people are not “Born to be Bad”
People learn to break laws (drugs, prostitution, etc.)
just as they learn everything else ( also S-R model )
-individual psychological explanations fail to
account for patterns and change
-deviance is related to the consensus or lack of
consensus about the social order
13
b. Labeling
Moral entrepreneurs; the labelers (e.g. Ms. Manners, MADD,
Ask Beth, Rush, Dear Abby, Dr. Laura...
Labeling theory; deviance is seen as a social creation
Rule makers define deviance and label deviants
Basic characteristics of the labeling process as
observed by labeling theorists:
Primary-Act
Secondary - Label
=master status
exaggeration--------assume deviant behavior is typical
centrality-------------deviance is central to person
persistence----------once a deviant always a deviant
dichotomizing------either you are or are not
homogeneity--------all are alike
clustering------------deviance's go together
Thus develops; deviant ID, deviant career, deviant
subculture
Neutralization of label: denial of responsibility or injury, condemn
condemners, appeal to higher loyalties
14
c. Anomie
Durkheim
Anomie; a condition of normlessness or loss of
accepted social rules (wars for losers, crisis and
natural disaster, dramatic social change). Durkheim
traced to breakdown of small close-knit communities
and rise of urban, modern changing social structures
Anomie--Control theory
4 elements ( Hirschi ) of Anomie
(1) degree of attachment, e.g. family, friends, etc.
(2) commitment to conventional (e.g. education, career)
(3) involvement in conventional activities "idleness is
the Devil's workshop"
(4) beliefs extent of one's agreement with social rules
15
d. Control Theories
Refinement of Durkheim's Anomie Theory (Travis Hirschi)
Juvenile Delinquency found related to: Criticism
(1) what causes a person
(1) Attachment (or lack of) to parents
(2) Dislike of school
(3) Number of friends
(4) Lack of conventional aspirations
w/o these characters to
act defiantly
(2) deviance possibly a
cause rather than
consequence
(3) deviance may be
reciprocal influence
(5) Unlikely to defer gratification--live for the present
• Thus JD related to family, friends, environment, values
16
•Hirschi saw as set in childhood, lead to weak self
control but others see self control as related to life
occurrences
(employment, divorce, etc.)
•others see possibly that deviance occurs then 1-5
follows
e. Social Structure
Merton; Our desires are created by the by the sociocultural system,
inconsistencies between social goals( ends) and social means to obtain
the goals create deviance.
Americans have high value on material success and means are hard work
but for many that success is not obtainable through hard work.
Mode of Adoption Cultural Goals Cultural Means Example
Conformist
X
X
most
Innovator
X
(new)
Ritualist
(new)
X
Milkin,
Boesky
"good poor"
Rebels
(new)
(new)
Religious
cults
Also Clinard and Ohlens "availability of illegitimate opportunity"
e.g. stockbroker (Boesky, Milkin), banker, government official
performed “white collar crime” not drug sales
17
f. Cultural Transmission
Edwin Sutherland; deviance is conformity, but to
a subculture
Differential association; exposure to more criminal
than conformist culture
The most important things are exposure and association
18
g. Conflict Theories
Based on Marx's Theory economic = power
POOR; commit crimes to obtain what has been denied
and to express anger and frustration
RICH; commit crimes to maintain or enhance their
position and have more influence in making the rules
FOCUS; law makers rather then law breakers
(e.g. Drugs: legal (UC partake) vs illegal (UC not use)
Crime street (robbery, murder) vs. White
collar and corporate crime
Example: (a) The politics of prohibition seen as a control over
immigrants. (b) The changing importance and definition of rape
with the change in power and income of women. © Laws over
lower class crimes (street crimes, drug possession (crack vs
cocaine powder) prostitutes vs. johns in prosecutions...
19
3. Crime and The justice System
(a) Types of Crimes
(b) Crime in the US
(c) Equal Justice?
(d) Goals of the CJ System
Crime; the violation of a
codified law that is backed
Types ;
by official authority
(1) Common crimes; violent, property (p246)
(2) White - Collar* (p247)
(3) Corporate Crime (249)
(4) Organized crime (p251)
(5) Crimes without victims (p252)
20
NOTE Laws not = norms
norms not= laws
laws not=deviance
(1) Common crimes; violent, property (p246)
Estimate
2/3 of
business
loss is due
to
employee
theft not
shop
lifters,
thieves
etc.
21
• Violent crimes: murder, rape, robbery and assault,
direct confrontation
• Property crimes burglary, larceny, pick pocketing
• African American and Latino males typical victim
• most criminals do not travel far from home
• Most violent crimes attacker and victim are acquainted
• One in 4 aggravated assaults occur in the home
• Large % of murders are committed by family members
(2) White - Collar Crime* (p247)
Violations of the law committed by upper and middle class mostly more typically white
people in the course of their business and social life-10 billion year cost estimate.
Examples: Many of the losses from the S& L crises
estimated to exceed the cost of all crimes
reported to cost $1000 a year for each adult
and child in the US police for next 30 years
$250-$500 billion.
Characteristics of a typical white collar
Boesky, Milkin...
criminal:Professional, business owner,
or a low level employee, white average
Sample Types:
age 40
-Ripping the company
Employee theft (2-4% of product cost)
Computer crime
-Fraud and deception: false advertising,
consumer fraud, financial fraud
-Conflicts of interest: lobbyist and spec interests
-Bribery and corruption (state legislature)
-Manipulating the marketplace
22
* Coleman, James William The Criminal Elite: The Sociology of
White -Collar Crime 1994, St. Martin's Press
(3) Corporate Crime (249)
Crimes committed by the corporation on behalf of the corporation.
---Highest cost of all crimes---
• sell defective products
• polluting environment
• discrimination
• negligence
• bribery
(1) Deaths as a result of asbestos exceeds "murders"
for last 10 years.
(2) Archer Danials Mcmillan monopoly of citric acid
market in 90s
(3) Tobacco companies and cancer deaths and related
illnesses
23
(4) Organized crime (p251)
Focus on organizations that exist primarily to profit from providing illegal
goods and services
• Sale of forbidden goods and services is primary (drugs,
prostitution)
• provide goods and services where legit businesses won’t
work (loan sharking, cigarette smuggling)
• providing legal goods and services but illegal means
(control of garbage or taxis in some big cities)
• Typically involvement is new immigrant and minority
groups not as stereotyped, Italian immigrants only.
24
(5) Crimes without victims (p252)
Activities declared illegal because they offend public morals not because they
cause direct harm
• Pornography, illegal sex acts between consenting adults, sale and
use of illegal drugs, public drunkenness, illegal gambling
• Those favoring criminalization of these activities believe that
society has obligation to protect people against themselves and
their victims, the individual and indirect effects (sex transmitted
diseases, traffic accidents...)
• recent trend has been decriminalization of these acts (gambling,
legal prostitution in Nevada, non enforcement of sodomy laws...)
Victims without crimes; someone injured or suffering a loss in situation where
no crime has been committed, aids victims, land mine injuries, etc.
The question is whether or not we should and can legislate morality
25
Crime in The US
US is one of the most violent nations in the world, why?
(1) Economic stress--gap between rich <-> poor
(2) Social disintegration--divorce, cultural heterogeneity,
(3) Demography--% of age group (16-28?) and gender(M) most
likely to commit crimes
(4) cultural context, wars, executions, violent culturally accepted
(TV, movies, sports…)
U.S. is one of the most violent nations
(see clocks page 255)
Crime rate has a pattern
(see graph page 256)
Most crimes are not reported
(see table page 257)
(Note Uniform Crime Report from FBI shows absolute and rate of crimes has
decreased)
26
Types of Crimes
Type I; homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, robbery,
burglary, larceny-theft, vehicle theft
•Type II; white collar, victimless crimes. These not counted by
FBI, no arrests and white collar handled as civil
•Absolute number of crimes; actual number of crimes
•Crime rates; the number of crimes per 100,000 population
UCR: Uniform Crime Report created by the FBI from reported crimes in the US
NCV: National Crime Victimization Survey of approximately 60,000 American
households to determine non reported crime
27
Crime Pays--Approximate % at each level --not in 6th edition
Not same in text
Estimate of total crimes committed
=100%
Crimes reported to the police
=37%
Persons arrested
=12%
Convictions
=6%
Incarcerated
=1%
28
See similar data in text 6 ed. page 258
Equal Justice: The System
Police
Courts
Prisons
Who’s more likely to enter the CJ system:
poor, minorities, young, males
Police
Police involvement occurs when they witness a crime, uncover a
crime in an investigation, private citizen complaint.
Police are selective about crimes they investigate
Most crimes are not solved by police but by witnesses
Many recent charges of racial discrimination. Evidence mixed, some
support and some counter evidence.*
29
Racial discrimination
• Black juveniles more likely arrested then white juveniles
• Black juveniles more likely to be stopped and questioned
• Complaints from black adults about black juveniles more
likely then whites to demand arrest
• Latinos disadvantaged in the system
• Location of crime, social makeup of community affects
treatment
• Minorities more likely to be treated harshly in suburbs
• African Americans higher chance of receiving death
penalty
30
Courts
Courts become involved after arrest or grand jury indictment
• Charge suspects
• Bring suspect to trial
• Determine penalties
• Prosecutor decides yes or no on bringing to trial and specifics of
charges
• 90% of cases are “plea bargains”
• Likely trial cases (1) have attracted public attention and (2) are
likely for prosecutor to win
• Poor at a disadvantage in court with court appointed attorney vs
prosecutors office
• 9 of 19 defendants found guilty in criminal trial
31
(a) Do Prisons Work -- not in 6th edition
Not in text
We imprison more people than the rest of the modern world
U.S. imprisons more then USSR(old #1),
S. Africa (old #2)
US rate imprisoned black males 5X SA
U.S. rate
400 per 100,000,
Rest of "civilized" world
40 per 100,000
Relationship; number imprisoned X number of crimes
1980-present imprisoned 3X increase
1980-1990 crime rate not significantly
different
1990 to 1996 decrease in crime rate, increased
incarceration by 19% to 1.7 million
Issues
mandatory terms, lower class crimes vs. upper
prisons , an education for crime, capital punish
32
(b) Do Prisons Work
Why increase in prison;
(1) drug offences not counted but increased prison sentencing
(2) Longer sentencing
(3) Fewer released on parole
(4) Alternative, crime down because criminals in jail
33
•Serving time in jail is almost as common as military service
when US had draft system. More common for black male to be
incarcerated then in college in some areas of US.
•Prison system diverts money from other uses. In California
higher Education has gone from 12.5% to 8 % of budget while
corrections share has gone from 4.5% to 9.4%
(1) Goals of the Criminal Justice System
• Retribution, force criminals to pay back society for
crimes they committed.
•
“Eye for an eye”, “Just desserts”, punishment should fit
the crime.
• Difficulty in use because of context of crime (battered
women vs wife abuser kills spouse)
• Mandatory-minimum specified period of sentence for
specified crime regardless of context. Lots of
circumvention by prosecutors, judges and juries and racism
34
(2) Goals of the Criminal Justice System
• Incapacitation, protect society by confining criminals or
preventing from committing further crimes.
• Three strikes law quite popular (second offence with prior
violent or serious gets 2 times sentence, third offence 25 to
life)
Rand study said full compliance would decrease crime
22% but costs 4.5 to 6.5 billion a year, might increase court
trials in desperation, might result in shootouts if three timer
and would result in needless imprisonment of older
prisoners unlikely to commit further crimes, impossible to
imprison all 4 million convicted each year.
35
(3) Goals of the Criminal Justice System
• Deterrence, using a sentence to set an example to keep
others from crime
• Specific deterrence using penalties to convince specific
people not to further transgress
• General deterrence, penalizing certain offenders to
reducing desire in general public
• Problem; rests on assumption humans are rational and
calculate costs and benefits. Possibly true for instrumental
crimes (robbery, embezzlement, white collar crimes..) but
not emotional or street crimes)
• Studies indicate certainty of punishment has more impact
then severity of punishment
• Police action, number , etc seems to have little effect
36
(4) Goals of the Criminal Justice System
• Rehabilitation, belief society helped in creating criminal
so society should help in correcting criminal behavior by
providing practical skills
• 1960’s prisons renames “correctional facilities” and guards
“correctional officers”
• Crime rates rose in 70s and rehabilitation declared a failure
• Some argue prison encourages criminal behavior by
socializing to new criminal skills and secondary labeling.
Evidence for this position is weak
• High rates of recidivism may be result of judges releasing
to probation first time offenders
• General public believes at least some can be rehabilitated
37
(5) Goals of the Criminal Justice System: Capital Punishment
• Capital Punishment, ultimate form of control, taking the life of the criminal
• Supreme court in1972 “cruel and unusual punishment” ( black vs white) executions
• 1976 court ruled states with clear standards death penalty constitutional
• Currently increasing executions but still rare (56 in 1995)
• Location of crime big determiner of death penalty (but 19 were in Texas in 1995)
• Race of perpetrator and victim related to death penalty
• No significant pattern found between deterrence and recent publicized execution
• No evidence of decreased homicide in countries with death penalty
• Argument against is possibility of innocent person executed (since 1972 --23 known
innocent executions and 48 on death row found innocent, other data page 266)
• Widespread international view against capital punishment
• Widespread US public opinion for capital punishment (77% favor)
• Why American view (1) high level violent crime (2) violent crime and death penalty
38 product of violent culture
Executions in The US 1608-1991
Not in text
METHOD OF EXECUTION
10000
8000
6000
2000
C
R
E ED
THTT D
OBE NE S
IB O IN
G G E HA
D
U NC
BL I
G
N
EL
U
E
H
H
W
G D
IN NE
AK R
E BU
BR
G
IN
SS
E
N S
PR TIO -GA
C N
JE IO
IN IAT
N
YX
O
T TI
PH
OCU
AS
SHO
TR
E
EL
AN
0
H
Frequency
4000
G
IN
G
MET HOD OF EXECUTION
*EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-1991: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451)
Executions in The US 1608-1991
Not in text
SEX OF OFFENDER
16000
14000
97.5%
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
2.5%
0
MALE
FEMA LE
SEX OF OF FENDER
*EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-1991: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451)
Frequency
Executions in The US 1608-1991
Not in text
RACE OF OFFENDER
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
WHITE
NATIV E AMERICAN
BLACK
HISPA NIC
ASIA N-PACIFIC IL
OTHER
RACE OF OFFENDER
*EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-1991: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451)
Executions in The US 1608-1991
Not in text
AGE AT EXECUTION
400
300
200
100
0
12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 83
AGE AT EXECUTION
*EXECUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1608-1991: THE ESPY FILE (ICPSR 8451)
Group Discussion Chapter 6 --Deviance
(0) In your own words define the vocabulary words on
page 269 and where possible think of an example
not mentioned in the text.
(1) What is deviance and what are the variables
involved defining deviance (examples where
possible)
(2) What are the theories and the evaluation of these
theories of deviance?
(3) Is the criminal justice system in the US fair? Support
your reason.
(3) What is the criminal justice system in the US and
does it work? Support your answer with data.
(4) Should we have capital punishment for crimes?
Support your reason.
39
Current Estimates on Costs
• $30,000 per year costs for a prisoner paid
for by state
• $11,241 last year CSUB student costs paid
for by state
Deviant Acts by Students
Not in text
Total Deviant Acts Committed-Old Data
i
100
s
T
N
V
M
M
M
M
M
M
9
0
80
5
0
0
60
0
0
40
20
Std. Dev = 5.32
Mean = 11.0
N = 289.00
0
0.0
5.0
2.5
40
10.0
7.5
15.0
12.5
20.0
17.5
Total Deviant Acts Committed
25.0
22.5
30.0
27.5
Deviant Acts by Males-Old Data
Not in text
Total Deviant Acts Committed: Males
i
20
8
0
6
0
0
0
0
s
T
N
V
M
M
M
M
M
M
10
Std. Dev = 4.87
Mean = 16.0
N = 38.00
0
5.0
7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5
Total Deviant Acts Committed
Deviant Acts by Females--ld Data
Not in text
Total Deviant Acts Committed
50
i
s
T
N
V
M
M
M
M
M
M
5
40
0
8
0
0
30
0
0
20
10
Std. Dev = 4.65
Mean = 10.4
N = 125.00
0
2.5
7.5
5.0
42
12.5
10.0
17.5
15.0
Total Deviant Acts Committed
22.5
20.0
27.5
25.0
Observations from deviance survey data
• Space; what is deviant in Georgia is not deviant
in California
• What was deviant 20+ years ago is not deviant
today
• We all commit deviant acts regardless of sex,
ethnicity, social class, etc
• Occurrence of deviant acts are related to other
variables, age, gender, opportunity…
42a
Don’t Print
Next Assignments
NEXT SOCIAL INEQUALITY 8, 9, 10
Next Class Quiz Chapter 8 possibly 9
43
Interesting facts Practice Quiz
• Highest $ cost type of crime (p249)
• Age, Race, Gender of typical high $ criminal? (247)
• Age, Race, Gender of typical violent criminal? (247)
• “Burden of Proof” for criminal charge? (246)
• “Burden of Proof” for civil charge? (247)
• Typical criminal experiencing capital punishment?(WB)
• Relation between education and prisons in California (260)
• How many convicted of capital punishment 1900-1985 have
been later found innocent.
Don’t Print
Interesting facts Practice Quiz Answers
• Highest $ cost type of crime (p249) #Corporate
• Age, Race, Gender of typical high $ criminal? (247) #Ed
budget down –1 new CSU
• Age, Race, Gender of typical violent criminal? (247)
• “Burden of Proof” for criminal charge? (246)
• “Burden of Proof” for civil charge? (247)
• Typical criminal experiencing capital punishment?(WB)
• Relation between education and prisons in California (260)
• How many convicted of capital punishment 1900-1985 have
been later found innocent.
Quiz C7 Pt a
Answers
At Top: Name, Quiz C7, School, Group
Don’t Print
1. Hirschi concluded that the reason for most people who committed
crimes was their lack of attachment to others. This theory is called?
2. Give me one behavior that is unacceptable in our society but
acceptable in another society and identify the society.
3. Which type of crime costs the most in human and financial costs?
4. The least effective method of social control is_____________
5. One way in which social control can increase deviance is by______
6. One sociological theory of deviance?
7. A poor inner-city person who had the traditional American beliefs and
values but looted TV's and other goodies he/she could not normally
afford. This is an example of Merton’s ________________.
8. Those people who take it upon themselves to define good. evil, right,
wrong, appropriate, inappropriate are called what by sociologists?
9. Approximately what % of crimes result in incarceration?
10. What are two characteristics of “criminals” if we focus on crimes that cost45
1. Hirschi concluded that the reason for most people who commited Don’t
crimesPrint
was
their lack of attachment to others. This theory was called? Anomie or more
precisely Control theory
2. Give me one behavior that is unacceptable in our society but acceptable in
another society and identify the society. Hashhish Arab, Long walk-Eskimos
3. Which type of crime costs the most in human and financial costs? Corporate
Crime 1/2 for whit collar
4. The least effective method of social control formal
5. One way in which social control can increase deviance
escalation, non enforcement, covert facilitation
6. One sociological theory of deviance Social learning
Anomie, Social Structure, Cultural Transmission, Labeling
7. A poor inner-city person who had the traditional American beliefs and values
but looted TV's and other goodies he/she could not normally afford. This is an
example of Merton’s innovator.
8. Those people who take it upon themselves to define good. evil, right, wrong,
appropriate, inappropriate are called what by sociologists?
Moral entrepreneurs
9. Approximately what % of crimes result in incarceration 1%
10. What are two characteristics of “criminals” if we we focus on crimes costing
45 most? White, Mid age, MC Males, UC
the
Answers
Alternative Quiz Chapter 6
Name_____________________
Don’t Print
School____________________
1. Scientific studies have pretty much shown pornography is
related to crime rates ______
2. The most effective method of seeing that behavior conforms
to norms (social control) is internalization,_________________
3. Normlessness in a society leads to suicide (Durkheim) and
crime. This state is called _____________
4. At the broadest level deviance for Freud is________________
46
Grader__________________
alternative Deviance Quiz Answers
Don’t Print
1. Scientific studies have pretty much shown pornography is
related to crime rates NO
2. The most effective method of seeing that behavior conforms
to norms (social control) is internalization, socialization, primary
3. Normlessness in a society leads to suicide (Durkheim) and
crime. This state is called Anomie
4. At the broadest level deviance for Freud is
47
1. Biological/Psychological theories--not in 6th edition
Don’t Print
Actually no longer simply "Born to be Bad" but rather:
1. Bio deficiency
stigmatized
-> Poor performance in school,
-> lead to deviant behavior
2. The "criminal mind" personality traits and pattern
of "faulty, irrational thinking" fond in criminals
Mollification
Cutoff
Entitlement
Power orientation
50
Sentimentality
Superoptimism
Cognitive laziness
Discontinuity
XXXIntroduction 2
Don’t Print
Chapter 6 Deviance
"behavior that violates widely held social norms"
Measuring deviance-workbook "Deviant Acts Survey"
Uncommon commonness of deviance
Incest the unthinkable:
-16% surveyed adult women were victims
-not confined SES, ethnicity, etc.
-most frequently ,stepfathers, uncles
-most traumatic :biological fathers
51
New
Prison Populations and Crime
What will be the effect of 3 strikes laws
Using the sociological Imagination
Population age distribution X crime rate
San Francisco Chronicle
52
Don’t Print
Redo W02Calendar for Rest of Quarter Soc100
Thursday 5/17
Don’t Print
C7
_________________________________________
Tuesday 5/22
Thursday 5/24
C8
C9
_________________________________________
Tuesday 5/29
Thursday 5/31
Monday Schedule
C10
_________________________________________
Tuesday 6/5
Thursday 6/7
C12 & Final Hints
Final (at CSUB)
3:30-5:30
Redo W02Calendar for Rest of Quarter LS492
Thursday 5/17
Don’t Print
C10
_________________________________________
Tuesday 5/22
Thursday 5/24
C12
A06 Exam
_________________________________________
Tuesday 5/29
Thursday 5/31
Memorial_Day Ed 128 Web Proj A05ab due
____________________)____________________
Tuesday 6/5
Thursday 6/7
Ed 128 Web Proj
Ed 128 Web Proj
Tues 6/12 Web proj?
Final Exam as scheduled –Web Project Evaluation