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CID 2003 Database Management Systems LO1: Discuss the importance of database control measures including data security, backup and data recovery. 1 Topics Data, Databases, and (DBMS) Database Management System Security Issues Backup and Recovery 2 What is Data? A single piece of data is a single fact about something that interests us. A fact can be any characteristic of an object . Salesperson Salesperson Number Name 137 Baker Cit y Detroit State MI Figur e 2.1 Facts about salesperson Baker. 1-3 Office Number 1284 Commi ssion Year of Percentage Hir e 10 1995 What is Data ? Examples: Collecting facts about mobiles This is Data Collecting facts about students This is Data Collecting facts about cars This is Data 1-4 Database & Database Management System (DBMS) 2-5 What is a Database? • It’s an organized collection of data. What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? • A database management system (DBMS) is the software you need to organize that data in a flexible manner. • This software includes tools to add, modify or delete data from the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored in the database and produce reports summarizing selected contents. 6 DBMS provides an interface between the user and the data” Examples of Relational Database Management Systems: Oracle (from Oracle Corporation) SQL Server (from Microsoft) MS Access (small-from Microsoft) DB2 (from IBM) 7 Database Management Systems DBMS Oracle Rules That Manage the Database Users DBMS software HCT Database Data stored in computer files on Disk. Database 8 The Database Environment Encourages data sharing Helps control data redundancy (Less duplicate data entry ) ensures data accuracy Permits storage of vast volumes of data with acceptable access speed. Allows database queries (Easier and faster to find data) Provides tools to control: data security data privacy backup and recovery The coming slides will explain these concepts 1-9 Data Privacy Every organization or individual has to limit what data can be shared with third parties. e.g. making sure that even employees who normally have access to the company’s data are given access only to the specific data that they need in their work. e.g. patient confidentiality for all healthcarerelated data. 1-10 Data Security Every company must protect its data from theft, malicious (nasty)destruction, deliberate attempts to change the data. e.g. someone trying to increase his/her own bank account balance. 1-11 Methods of Breaching Data Security (to illegally access data ) 1-12 Methods of Breaching Data Security Unauthorized Intercepting Stealing Computer Access Data Communications Disks or Computers Computer Viruses Damaging Computer Hardware 1-13 Backup and Recovery 2-14 Backup and Recovery The ability to reconstruct data if it is lost or corrupted. e.g., following a hardware failure e.g., following a natural disaster 1-15 Backup and Recovery We have to assume that from time to time something will go wrong with our data, and so we have to have the tools available to correct or reconstruct it. Data backups • are one of the most effective ways of protecting against data loss. • Establish data backup procedures (ways of doing something) e.g. Backup Daily, Weekly etc • Storage for data backups, and securing data backups using passwords. 1-16 Backup On a regularly scheduled basis, a company’s databases must be backed up or copied. (daily/weekly/monthly…etc) The backup copy must be put in a safe place, away from the original in the computer system. 1-17 Data Recovery Data recovery is the process of recovering or reconstructing data from the backup copy when it cannot be accessed normally( maybe it got corrupted or lost) 18