Transcript SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY Chapter 1: The Sociological Point of View Section 1: Examining Social Life Chapter Objectives • Examine the nature of sociological inquiry or research • Understand the research done during the early years of sociology • List and explain the current theoretical perspectives of Sociology Background • We live in a complex social environment • Our view of the world is shaped by our – – – – – – – daily lives Values Beliefs Life styles Historic events Our friends Our families • All these factors help to mold us into the individuals we are today… we are different from one another, but many of us share the same perceptions and characteristics What is Sociology • It is the science that studies human society and social behavior – Sociologist are • mainly interested in social interaction: how people relate to one another and influence one another’s behavior • Always focusing on the group rather than on the individual – They examine the social phenomenon which is the observable fact of event The Sociological Perspective • Sociologists look at everyday events in different ways to look beyond common held beliefs to the hidden messages behind human actions • Our behavior is the result of social factors and that we have learned our behavior from others • By adopting a sociological perspective, we can 1. 2. 3. 4. Increase our sense of what is possible See beyond our day to day world Think and act in different ways Help us find an acceptable balance between our personal desires and demands of our social environment How Sociology helps us • We can gain insight into how our social environment shapes us and we can in turn shape our environment • The ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives is what is known as sociological imagination – this was termed by C. Wright Mills Sociological Imagination “ The sociological imagination, I remind you, in considerable part consists of the capacity to shift from one perspective to another, and in the process to built up an adequate view of a total society and of its components. It is this imagination, of course, that sets off the social scientist from the mere technician.” C. Wright Mills It gives people the ability to see the connections between the larger world and their personal problems. SITUATION A: A 15 year old high school student becomes pregnant by her 16 year old boyfriend. Describe some of the social consequences for the following people or groups: • The pregnant student • The girl’s boyfriend • The parents of the girl • The parents of the boy • School officials • Society as a whole SITUATION B: A 17 year old high school student is caught under the influence of drugs at school. Describe some of the social consequences for the following people or groups: • The student using drugs • The student’s classmates • The parents of the student on drugs • School officials • Society as a whole Sociology’s Place in the Social Sciences • All related disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior are called the social sciences • They include: #1 Anthropology • Comparative study of various aspects of past and present cultures and is the closest to sociology #2 Psychology • Study that deals with the behavior and thinking of organisms • Focuses on individual behavior rather than on group behavior • Areas of interest are: personality, perception, motivation, learning #3 Social Psychology • Study of how an individual’s behavior and psychology are affected by the social environment #4 Economics • Study of the choices people make in an effort to satisfy wants and needs • Examine: – Process by which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed – Effects of government policies on economic growth and stability #5 Political Science • Examines the organization and operation of governments • Areas of mutual interest with sociology include: – Voting patterns, concentration of political power, formation of politically based groups #6 History • Study of past events • Sociologists are interested in past events in an effort to explain current social behaviors and attitudes Social Sciences Merge • Over time, the divisions between the social sciences have become less distinct and borrow freely from one another in order to better understand the social forces that shape our lives