Transcript userfiles/919/my files/ecosystem

The “OTHER” relationships
Symbiosis
I CAN…
• Analyze the relationships between organisms
and determine whether the organism is
harmed, not affected, or benefits.
• Predator- one who captures and eats other
animals
• Prey-one who is killed and eaten by the
predator
Reflect-prior knowledge
• How can organisms interact with each other?
• Jot down your thoughts on your notes.
Good relationships vs. bad
relationships
• Are these relationships good or bad?
Symbiosis
http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandb
ehavior/symbiosis/preview.weml#
Symbiosis
3 types of symbiosis
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Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
One organism benefits in ALL of these…..but
the other organism?????????????
Examples of mutualism…
Mutualism
• Lichen provide energy to the fungus,
while the fungus gives the lichen a
place to grow. This relationship
benefits BOTH species.
• One gets energy ….the other gets
a home.
Tick birds and the rhinoceros
• On a daily basis, the rhino is similar
to a magnet, attracting itchy ticks to
its body. Without any defense, the
rhino is constantly subjected to
them. The tick birds help the
rhinos, by feeding off the ticks on
their back. Both organisms benefit.
• How?
Stop and jot
• What is mutualism?
Examples of commensalism….
Commensalism-Sea anemone and clown fish
• In an ocean ecosystem, a sea anemone is a gentle
creature with tube-like tentacles that are filled with a
mild poison to trap its prey. A clown fish can swim
through these tentacles, immune to its poisonous
trap. Therefore, the fish can swim through these
tentacles and be safe from other predators, while the
anemone is not helped or hurt in any way.
• Clown fish gets a safe place to swim
• Sea anemone gets NOTHING…
Commensalism-Barnacles and whales…
• Barnacles are small crustaceans who do not
move on their own during much of their
adult life. They attach themselves to much
larger organisms, such as the whales, to be
transported to new food sources. This does
not hurt or help the whale in any way.
• The barnacle receives a temporary home
and is transported to new food.
• The whale is not affected.
Caribou and the Arctic Fox….
• Caribou migrate in herds throughout the
tundra, passing through and cleaning snow
from the ground as they travel. The arctic
fox follows the caribou throughout its
journey in order to hunt the smaller animals
that become exposed by the caribou.
• Who benefits????
• Who is not affected????
Stop and jot
• What is commensalism?
Examples of parasitism….
Parasitism
• The puppy and the roundworm is an
example of parasitism. A roundworm
attaches itself inside the intestine of the
puppy to feed on the nutrients in the
puppy’s blood.
• The puppy is hurt by the parasite and
loses blood.
• The roundworm benefits by receiving
food.
Fungus and the tree
• An example of parasitism is when the fungus
grows on trees. The fungus gets nutrients by
breaking down the tree. As a result, the tree
decays, gets weak, and becomes very vulnerable
to the weather. Only one organism benefits,
which is the fungus, while the tree is harmed.
• Who benefits?
• Who is harmed?
Stop and jot
• On your notes describe “What is parasitism?”
Now let’s practice…….
Partner activity
• You will be given a card with the name of an organism on it.
Using the list, find your partner, and your paragraph in the
matching color on the table. Partners, read your paragraph
and identify your relationship.
• Pairs will come to the front with their organism cards, and
give the name of their organism, then what they get from
their relationship with their partner.
Trees and mistletoe
Egyptian ploverbird and crocodile
Mammals and ticks
Bees and flowers
Human intestines and bacteria
Human intestines and tapeworm
Lichen and Fungi/algae
Trees and mistletoe
Mistletoe is a plant that people hang above
doorways at Christmas-time. Before it gets
picked and hung inside it grows by living off of
other plants. Mistletoe grows on woody plants,
taking nutrients and moisture from them. It also
“strangles” it—reducing the nutrients that the
plant can take in. The woody plant or tree has to
support itself as well as the mistletoe.
Egyptian plover bird and
crocodile
You might think that if a bird landed in the mouth of a
crocodile, the crocodile would eat it. Well, not the
Egyptian Plover bird. Egyptian Plovers and crocodiles
have a unique symbiotic relationship. Because
crocodiles can’t use dental floss, they get food stuck in
their teeth. All that food rots their teeth and probably
causes them some pain. When a crocodile feels the
need for a good tooth cleaning it will sit with its mouth
wide open. The Egyptian Plover bird recognizes this
invitation, and if one is nearby it will fly into the mouth
of the crocodile, eat the food stuck in its teeth, and fly
away.
Mammals and ticks
• Ticks are pinhead-sized arachnids that form
parasitic relationships with birds, reptiles,
animals, and sometimes humans. Ticks attach
to their host’s skin and feed off its blood. In
this way it gets both food and a home. Ticks
can consume enough food to grow 200 to 600
times their original body weight. In this
relationship, the tick gets a warm home and
food. The tick may even give the host a
disease, which could weaken or kill it.
Bees and flowers
• You are all probably familiar with the idea that bees and
flowers have some kind of relationship. A bee goes from
flower to flower gathering nectar. While it is doing this,
some of the flower’s pollen ends up sticking to the bee’s
hairy body and legs. When it goes to the next flower,
some of that pollen rubs off of the bee and gets into the
flower. The flower needs pollen to reproduce, but since
flowers can’t move to get it themselves, the bees get it
for them. Without bees, some flowers would have no
way of getting the pollen they need to reproduce.
Without flowers, bees wouldn’t get the nectar they need
to eat.
Human intestine and bacteria
• You might wonder how you can have your very own
symbiotic relationship going on right now and not
know it. It’s because it happens in your intestine
where you can’t see it. When you eat food, very little
of it gets digested in your stomach. It travels through
your intestine where bacteria further digest the
partly digested food. The bacteria also produce
vitamins. Your food gets digested, you get vitamins,
and the bacteria get a meal. You have your very own
partnership, without which, your body would not be
as healthy!
Human intestine and tapeworm
Tapeworms are long, flat parasites that live in the
intestines of pigs, cows, and even humans. A
tapeworm gets into its host by laying its eggs in the
host’s food source. The host eats this food, and the
eggs develop and grow into tapeworms, which
attach themselves to the intestines of their host.
Tapeworms feed off the food that the host eats, and
sometimes a tapeworm has been known to live in a
human for ten years without being detected! The
tapeworm has a safe, warm home and a constant
food source. In some rare cases, the tapeworm can
make the host sick or even cause death.
Lichen and fungi / algae
Lichen. The first time you see lichen, you may be
surprised that it is alive! It can be flat and not
very obvious; it almost looks like a discoloration
on a rock. Lichen is special because it can live in
places where other organisms cannot. Lichen is a
partnership or symbiotic relationship between
two different species. Fungi and algae combine
to create lichen, because together they can live
in places where alone, as just algae or fungi, they
could not survive.