Transcript Invertebrates

Invertebrates
K. Benzie
Cave Spring Elem.
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS
All animals share some basic characteristics:
-many-celled
-capture and eat their food
-move from place to place
-react quickly to changes in their environment
-bodies have complex structures
-breathe
-reproduce (make more)
There are more than 1 million
species of animals. Most of these
species are invertebrates, meaning
they do not have backbones.
INVERTEBRATES
Once an animal has been classified as invertebrate, it can
then be furthered classified based on its structure and form
into different phyla. We will be studying the eight most
commonly studied invertebrate phyla:
-Sponges
-Hollow-Bodied animals
-Flatworms
-Roundworms
-Segmented Worms
-Mollusks
-Arthropods
-Echinoderms
Hollow-Bodied
Sponge
Roundworm
Mollusk
Flatworm
Segmented Worm
Arthropods
Echinoderm
INVERTEBRATES - SPONGES
Sponges are among the simplest animals.
-There are more than 4,500 known species of
sponges. All but one family live in salt water.
-Sponge bodies have a simple structure made of
two cell layers. Simple sponges have hollow,
tube-shaped bodies with one opening at the top.
-When sponges die, their bodies do not
decompose. People often use these natural
sponges for bathing.
-A sponge gets food from the water. Water is
pulled through the sides through tiny openings
called pores. Plankton is removed and the water
flows out the vent.
-Adult sponges grow attached to rocks. Young
sponges are able to move and may settle far
from the parent sponge.
Volcano Sponge
A. Joubini
Pipe or Chimney Sponge
Fan Sponge
Rubber Sponge
Finger or Pipe Sponge
Barrel Sponge
INVERTEBRATES WITH HOLLOW BODIES
-These animals have hollow bodies with one opening.
-The body openings are surrounded by tentacles. The tentacles capture
food by grasping it and bringing it to the body opening.
-Some hollow-bodied animals have stinging cells on their tentacles. This
gives them protection from predators.
-Hollow-bodied animals are further classified based on their structure
and form.
-One class of hollow-bodied animals includes jellyfish.
-Another class includes hydra.
-Still another class includes sea anemones and coral. Corals form
hard skeletons around their bodies. When they die, these skeletons
from coral reefs.
-Most of these animals live in the ocean.
INVERTEBRATES - FLATWORMS
-The structure of these animals is more complex than that of sponges and
hollow-bodied animals.
-These animals have flat bodies, but have no true respiratory or circulatory
systems. Their bodies only have one opening and no organs.
-Some flatworms are parasites. This means they live in the bodies of other
animals and get their food from the digested food of the host.
-Humans can get a tapeworm by eating partially cooked meat.
Tapeworm
Planaria
Flatworm - whale parasite
INVERTEBRATES - ROUNDWORMS
-Roundworms are different than flatworms because they have a round,
tube-like body that has two openings. One opening is for food, the other is
for waste.
-Roundworms are more complex than flatworms becuase they have a
complete digestive tract.
-Many roundworms are parasites in animals or plants.
-Roundworms vary in size from microscopic to more than 1 meter long.
-Roundworms can be found in fresh water, salt water, mud, or soil.
-Examples include the hookworm, pinworm, and trichinella.
INVERTEBRATES - SEGMENTED WORMS
-The Phylum Annelida, or segmented worms, have the most complex body plan
of all worms. Each segment, or section, contains heart-like structures.
Segmented worms take in oxygen through their outer covering.
-Most segmented worms are marine animals, except earthworms.
-Earthworms are one class of segmented worms.
-The earthworm's body is segmented with 2 body openings, many heart-like
structures, and a digestive system.
-The earthworm has bristles on each segment to help it move through the
soil. As it moves, the earthworm swallows soil, which passes through its
body. The earthworm digests nutrients from the soil.
-Leeches are another class of segmented worms. They live in water and feed
on the blood of other animals using a powerful sucker. Leeches were once
used to get rid of "bad blood". Today they are still occasionally used to keep
blood from clotting during surgery.
INVERTEBRATES - MOLLUSKS
-Mollusks are invertebrates with soft bodies. Their bodies do not have
body segments or legs. They have a soft, protective covering called a
mantle. The mantle sometimes makes a hard shell.
-The bodies of mollusks are divided into three parts: the head, body, and
foot. Mollusks have digestive, circulatory, and nervous systems.
-Mollusks are divided into many classes. One class contains snails and slugs
and another contains scallops, oysters, and clams. A third class contains
the nautilus, octopus, and squid.
INVERTEBRATES - MOLLUSKS
Fun Facts
-Oysters are a type of mollusk with two shells
hinged together. The shells open, take in water,
and filter food from the water.
-An octopus uses its tentacles to capture food and
for protection.
-A squid moves quickly by squirting water out of
its body.
-A snail moves using its muscular foot.
-Slugs are different from snails because they
don't have a shell.
-Mollusks are more than a source of food. Oysters
produce pearls. Other mollusks are used to make
dyes.
INVERTEBRATES - ECHINODERMS
-Echinoderms are found in the oceans.
-Echinoderms are complex invertebrate with spiny skin. There is a hard
structure made from minerals just under the skin.They usually have a central
body where arms, in multiples of five, are attached. The internal body parts
are arranged in a circle.
-Most echinoderms move freely about the ocean, but some attach themselves
to rocks or coral.
-Examples of echinoderms include starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins.
-The starfish eats a clam by attaching its tube feet to each shell half. It
pulls the shells apart and pushes its stomach out through its mouth to
digest the soft bodied mollusk. Starfish move about using the tubes at
the ends of their feet. An interesting fact about starfish is that they
have the ability to regrow an arm that has been cut off. This is called
regeneration.
INVERTEBRATES - ARTHROPODS
Approximately 75% of all animal species are arthropods. There
are more than 1 million different species of arthropods. They
can be found almost anywhere.
Arthropods are animals whose bodies are divided into segments.
Each segment has a specific function.
Antennae are the feelers on the heads of arthropods that are
used as the sense organs of touch, taste, and smell.
Arthropods have jointed legs.
INVERTEBRATES - ARTHROPODS
-Like all invertebrates, arthropods do not have an internal skeleton, or
backbone. Rather, they have a hard outer covering known as an
exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports the animal's body and
protects the animal from drying out or being eaten.
-Unlike your skeleton, an exoskeleton cannot grow. When an
arthropod grows, it sheds its exoskeleton and forms a new one.
This is called molting. The animal hides while its new covering
hardens.
-Arthropods can be very small, like lice, or very large like a giant
lobster.
-Classes of arthropods include arachnids, crustaceans, centipedes,
millipedes, and insects.
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS - CRUSTACEANS
-Crustaceans have 5 pairs of legs. Four pairs are walking legs and one pair
forms claws. They also have 2 pairs of antennae.
-The body of a crustacean is in three parts, although sometimes two of
the parts may fuse together.
-Crustaceans usually live in water.
-Examples of crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and barnacles.
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS - ARACHNIDS
-The best known arachnids are spiders. Other arachnids include ticks, mites,
and scorpions.
-Arachnids have 4 pairs of legs, no antennae, and 2 body parts.
-Most arachnids live on land.
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS - INSECTS
-Insects have bodies divided into three sections and covered by an external
skeleton. They have three pairs of jointed legs and most species have one
or two pairs of wings.
-There are many orders of insects, including butterflies, wasps, lady bugs,
cockroaches, termites, silverfish, and more.
-Adult insects are the only invertebrates that can fly.
-The shape of an insect's mouth can tell you what it eats.
-Even though caterpillars and mealworms look like worms, they are insects
because they undergo metamorphosis.
-Examples of insects include ants, bees, beetles, grasshoppers, and crickets.
INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS - CENTIPEDES AND MILLIPEDES
-Centipedes and millipedes are two more classes of arthropods.
-Centi- means 100 and milli- means 1,000 but centipedes and millipedes don't
really have that many legs! Centipedes have one pair of legs per segment
(except the first and last segments), and millipedes have 2 pairs of legs per
segment.
-Centipedes have a pair of clawlike structures on their first segment that
they use to inject a poison into the insects that they eat.
-Millipedes are plant eaters.
-Centipedes and millipedes can be found in dark places, such as under rocks.
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