Transcript INVERTEBRATES PROTOSTOMES

INVERTEBRATES= PROTOSTOMES + MORE
BEGINS
Who lives in a pineapple under the sea?
Absorbent and yellow and porous is he,
If nautical nonsense is something you
wish......
Hi there and welcome to
the invertebrate
presentation. There is a
lot to learn in this section
so I’ll be asking for a little
help along the way. We
will start with the early
development of the first
multicellular animals.
Protostomes means coelum from cell masses
My pal Indy will give you the “ low
down” on the timing of evolutionary
history first.
HI again kids. Hopefully you have already gone through my
presentation of the Journey through the Ages and have a
basic background. I’ll just review some of the relevant key
concepts with you.
65 million years ago = dinosaur extinction and end of Mesozoic Era
¼ billion years ago we enter the mesozoic age of reptiles
½ billion years ago we enter the Cambrian with an explosion of jellies and worms.
Progressively more advanced invertebrates and the onset of vertebrates
EARLIEST FOSSILS OF CORAL- A CNIDARIAN HERE
1 billion years ago- first animal precursor choanoflagellate
1 ½ billion years ago first eukaryotes- Protista like.
WHAT IS AN ANIMAL ANYWAY?
There are a lot of different types of animals with many different
types of characteristics. Take me for example: in the real world I
don’t move, I just sit attached (SESSILE) on the substrate, so some
might think I am a plant. So let’s come up with distinguishing features
of animals
ALL HETEROTROPHIC
ALL MOTILE AT SOME LIFE STAGE
COMMON ANIMAL ANCESTOR
Sexual or asexual reproduction
Many invertebrates have larval forms (polymorphic)
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU ARE LOOKING AT AN INVERTEBRATE?
All invertebrates lack a backbone.
Let me introduce you to my animal friends in Bikini
Bottom.
Larry Lobster
Phylum
Arthropoda
Jellyfish
Phylum
Cnidaria
Mr. Krabs
Phylum
Arthropoda
Spongebob
Phylum
Porifera
Mr Flatworm
Phylum
Platyhelminthes
Here are my friends.
Before we can begin, it is
necessary to have an
understanding of the
major invertebrate phyla.
Gary
Phylum
Mollusca
Squidward
Phylum
Mollusca
Earthwormy
Phylum
Annelida
Roundworm
Phylum
Nematoda
Wheel animal
Phylum Rotifera
I love to go
jellyfishing!
Phylum PORIFERASponges are in this
phylum. Remember
I’ve got holes (think
pores) !
I’m sessile but I lack
true tissues. I feed by
passing water through
my body. I’m a
suspension feeder. I
have NO SYMMETRY
Phylum CNIDERIAJellyfish (Jellies) but
also hydra and corals
are in this phylum.
There is a single
opening acting as
both mouth and anus
I have RADIAL
SYMMETRY.
MAY BE CALLED
RADIOLARIA if
combined with comb
jellies phylum
Ctenophora
PROTOSTOMES
Phylum
MOLLUSCA
The squid is a mollusca
and is in the class
Cephalopoda. It has a
mouth and an anus yet is
a protostome. I have
BILATERAL SYMMETRY.
Phylum
PLATYHELMINTHES
Long thin body
organism. No body
cavity. Bilateral
symmetry
Phylum
ARTHROPODA
Majority of animals are this phylum.
Insects, crustaceans, arachnids. All
have segmented exoskeleton and
jointed appendages
Phylum
ANNELIDA
I’m an
Oligochaete.
Segmented body
with coelum.
Freshwater, marine
and land varieties.
Phylum
NEMATODA
Non segmented
worm pseudocoelomates
Hooray! I get to be
in the presentation!
I’m an invertebrate
but I’m also a
deuterstome!
Patrick
Phylum
Echinodermata
These are some of my
other friends. They are
all DEUTERSTOMES.
Some are invertebrates
and others vertebrates,
so although I am
introducing them now, I
will only be discussing
the invertebrates. My
vertebrate friends will
be covered in the next
presentation.
Acorn worm
Phylum
Hemichordata
Lancelet
Phylum
Chordata
COVERED IN THE NEXT
SECTION VERTEBRATES
Pearl
Mrs. Puff
Sandy
I’m an
invertebrate.
Surprised?
I’m a
sea
squirt
Trunicates
Phylum
Chordata
Hagfish
Phylum
Chordata
Organizing all this information into a concept
map can help to understand the connections .
Here is a simple one.
Porifera
Cnidaria
Many
Invertebrates
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Protostomes
Bilateria
Two germ layers
Eumetazoa
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
from protista Opisthoconts
Chordata
Three germ
layers
So before we move on to more detailed
descriptions, let’s check your understanding of
the phyla and criteria for classification.
I’m a squid. What phylum do I belong
in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
What class of mollusc am I?
Bivalve, gastropod or
cephalopod?
ANSWER:
Squid are cephalopods
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Jelly. What phylum do I belong
in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
How many germ
layers do I have?
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
ANSWER:
Two ectoderm and
endoderm
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m an Earthworm. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Am in the class
Polychaete,
Oligochaete or leech?
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
ANSWER
Class Oligochaete.
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Spongebob. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Do I get classified
with the
Eumetazoa?
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
ANSWER:
No, sponges do not
have TRUE TISSUES
Annelida
Mollusca
Somebody
get me a
tissue. A
true tissue.
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Patrick the starfish. What phylum
do I belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Am I a protostome or
deuterostome?
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
ANSWER:
Deuterostome
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Gary the snail. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Am I a mollusc in the
class gastropod,
cephalopod or
bivalvia?
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
ANSWER:
Snails are
GASTROPODS and
Gary is a MARINE
GASTROPOD
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Flatworm. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Coelomates have a
body cavity while
aceolomates do not.
Which am I?
ANSWER:
Acoelomate
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Hagfish What phylum do I belong
in?
chordata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Since I am a chordate
do I have a
backbone?
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
ANSWER:
No the hagfish is a
chordate without a
backbone!
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Acorn worm What phylum do I
belong in?
chordata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Roundworm. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
There are three
types of body
configurations,
coelomates,
acoelomates and
pseudocoelomates.
Which am I?
ANSWER:
Pseudocoelomate
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Lancelet. What phylum do I
belong in?
chordata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Mr. Krabs and I’m a crab. What
phylum do I belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Wheel animal. What phylum do I
belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m a Sea Squirt. What phylum do I
belong in?
chordata
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Larry the lobster. What phylum do
I belong in?
Porifera
Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotiferap
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
I’m Ernst Haeckel and I was the one who suggested a colonial
flagellated ancestor for the animals. It formed a hollow ball
shaped organism with unspecialized cells that eventually
developed into a double layer sac with cell specialization. I call
them METAZOA
BODY FORMS: GERM LAYERS
DIPLOBLASTIC ectoderm and endoderm
Fertilization= zygote
Solid cell ball- morula
TRIPLOBLASTIC ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
Hollow ball=Blastula
Ecto = outer
Meso = middle
Develop during gastrulation
of a blastula
Endo = inner
Gastrula = hollow with
germ layers
BODY FORMS: SYMMETRY
NO SYMMETRY
RADIAL
That’s me. No
symmetry
Body development centered
around a central point.
Radial symmetry here.
I’m a cephalopod
BILATERAL
Two sides
symmetrical
anterior
cephalization nerve conc. in head
dorsal
posterior
ventral
BODY FORMS: DEVELOPMENT
PROTOSTOMA
Spiral cleavage
Proto mean first, stoma mean mouth . So
first mouth. Schizo mean split so split
mesoderm coelum
Most determinate cleavage
Gut formed by schizocoelus of mesoderm
DEUTEROSTOMA
Radial cleavage
Most indeterminate cleavage
Gut formed by enterocoelus of mesoderm
Deutero mean second, so second mouth.
Entero mean within, so coelum develops in
between mesoderm layer
Radial cleavage does not mean that
the organism has radial symmetry.
Be careful!
Ventral brain at
mouth region.
MOUTH
PROTOSTOMA
A few like hydra
remain with a sac llike
gut with no coelum
Blastopore becomes
mouth
Archenteron developing gut
DEUTEROSTOMA
mouth
Many like Squidward
form a digestive tube
with a coelum. It just
forms differently from
the embryo, called
schizocoelus
Deuterostomes rule and I’m one of
them.
Includes echinodermata and
chordata
Dorsal brain
Blastopore becomes
anus
A second opening becomes the mouth.
Mesoderm lines coelum by enterocoelus
Secondary opening mouth
BODY FORMS: COELUM Is there a body cavity?
Coelum is the space between the digestive tube and the outer layer of
the body. Your coelum can easily be visualized as the space occupied by
the liver, kidneys etc. It has mesoderm all around called the peritoneum.
Acoelomate no space body wall directly
connected to the digestive tube.
Protostomes
coelum
Example flatworm
platyhelminthys hydra,
Pseudocoelomate space between
body wall and gut but mesoderm
does not line it (surround it)
Coelomates space between
body wall and gut with
mesoderm peritoneum also
forms mesentery.
Protostomes
Example nematoda rotifera
Quite small creatures
Tube within a tube
hydrostatic skeleton.
Mesoderm covers
both inner and outer
layers to line entire
coelum.
REPORT ON SPONGES PHYLUM PORIFERA
Lack true tissues
Water in through spongocoel
(holes) and out through
osculum
Choanocytes are collared
and flagellated and collect
food particles from water.
Spicules made of calcium carbonate
project out of body surface and give
shape and protection.
I may look like a male, but actually I am
hermaphroditic. That means I am both male and
female.
REPORT ON PHYLUM CNIDARIA (the c is silent)
Jellyfish, coral ,hydra, anemones
One of oldest in clade METAZOA
(Eumetazoa)
Comb jellies
phylum
Ctenophora are
basically the
same but are
moved by cilia..
Animals with true tissues
Diploblastic
Anemone
No coelum - acoelomates
Gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
Muscle-like fibres between two cell layers but NO TRUE MUSCLES
cause undulations that move the jelly through the water.
Tentacles and nematocysts to sting prey
Hydrostatic skeleton maintains body shape
I’m a
planarian
In Greek, platy
mean flat and
helminth mean
worm.
REPORT ON PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
FLATWORMS, FLUKES AND TAPEWORMS
Flatworms, turbelariia, are aquatic and generally free-living
and include the freshwater planarians
Flukes, trematodes, are generally parasitic in body tissues
Tapeworms, cestoda, are parasitic in the gut cavity
Head includes a small brain (dorsal ganglia)
No coelum - acoelomates
Gastrovascular cavity with only one opening
Sexual or asexual reproduction
Some Hermaphroditic some not
Tapeworm
REPORT ON PHYLUM NEMATODA
PSEUDOCOELOMATES
Digestive system with mouth and anus
Non segmented worms.
Cuticle present on outside of body wall epidermis
Non hermaphroditic and reproduce sexually
REPORT ON PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
SNAILS, SLUGS, OYSTERS, CLAMS, OCTOPUS, SQUID, NAUTILUS
MUSCULAR FOOT, VISCERAL MASS, AND A MANTLE
Mantle makes the shell- mantle cavity may house
gills, anus and excretory pores
Where is Gary’s anus?
Gary may also be
hermaphroditic, just
like his master,
Spongebob.
Snail anus is located anterior with a
coiled digestive tube because of
TORSION in embryonic
development.
Most of us molluscs have
separate sexes. We also
have a haemocoel. Open
circulation means blood
baths our insides but the
coelum persists around
gonads and heart. I being
a squid am an active
hunter but I have no shell.
The nautilus is a
cephalopod with a shell
Don’t forget that I’m in this
group too. I filter feed
REPORT ON PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
INSECTS, SPIDERS, SCORPIONS, CRUSTACEANS,...
SEGMENTED COELOMATES
EXOSKELETON WITH JOINTED APPENDAGES
REPORT ON PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
SLOW MOVING TUBE FEET ALLOW MOVEMENT AND
ATTACHMENT TO SUBSTRATE.
Sea stars can regenerate lost limbs
Sand dollars and sea urchins are in this group
Sea cucumber is a member of this group. It
looks like a long worm and spits out its
digestive system when attacked
/\ So looking at the coelum
once again.....
Pseudocoelomates
Acoelomates
Coelomates
Various
protostomes
Various
deuterostomes
Bye for now. Hey I’ll bet you learned something. How come
you learn something when watching the Spongebob cartoon?
INVERTEBRATES
Ends
Stephen Hillenburg, the creator of
Spongebob, is an artist, animator and
former marine biologist. You can tell
because of the terms used in the show.