Transcript Ch 1 notes - HensonsBiologyPage

CH 1: Characteristics of Life
What is Biology???
• Biology:
– study of life
• What Do Biologists Study?
1. Interactions of living things
• Ex. What does it need to survive?
2. Interactions of living things & environment
• Ex. How does one affect the other?
3. Problems and possible solutions
• Ex. What can we do about endangered species?
Major Branches of Biology
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Ecology: study of environment
Botany: study of plants
Zoology: study of animals
Anatomy & Physiology: study of
structures and functions of body
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms
What Does it Mean to be Alive?
Life is diverse yet all living
things share common
characteristics.
• Organism: anything with all
characteristics of life
• Species: a group of
organisms that can
interbreed and produce
fertile offspring
The Characteristics of Life
Reproduce: making
babies…the ability to
produce offspring
What do living
things do?
Genes (DNA) contain info needed for
heredity and metabolism.
Metabolism- all chemical reactions in cell.
Asexual reproduction - involves a single
parent; progeny are genetically identical
to the parent.
Sexual reproduction - involves 2 parents;
progeny are genetically diverse.
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Reproduce
What Do Living
Things Do?
Grow & Develop: growth is
forming new structures and
getting bigger; development
is all of the changes in one’s
life
Reproduce
What Do Living
Things Do?
Grow &
Develop
React to
to stimuli: a stimulus is
React
Stimuli
anything
in organism’s
environment causes it to react;
a response is a reaction to it
Reproduce
What Do Living
Things Do?
Grow &Grow
Develop
React to
Stimuli
Use energy: energy is the ability
to do work; involves metabolism
which is all of the chemical
reactions that take place in our
body…we’d die without it!!!
• Photosynthetic organisms use CO2, H2O, and
sun to make food.
Animals obtain nutrients and energy from food
eaten.
Energy -capacity to do work.
Many living things can convert energy to
motion.
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Reproduce
Grow
Grow& Develop
What Do Living
Things Do?
React to
Stimuli
I’M
HOT!
Homeostasis: the
maintenance of a
constant, stable internal
environment suitable for
survival
Use
Energy
Reproduce
What Do Living
Things Do?
Organization:
have cells as their
basic unit of life;
enables
organisms
be
Made ofto
cells
very complex
Homeostasis
Grow& Develop
Grow
React to
Stimuli
Use
Energy
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Evolution: the gradual
genetic change in a
species over time; this
includes adaptation
which is the ability to
adjust to the
environment (weather,
water, temperature)
Reproduce
What Do Living
Things Do?
Grow & Develop
React to
Stimuli
Use
Energy
Homeostasis
Organization
Chapter 1
What is Life?
Life is Diverse
Biodiversity refers to the many different types of
organisms on earth.
Taxonomy is the biological science that classifies life
according to evolutionary relationships.
The Domain is the largest group of organisms.
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The Classification of Living Things
• Taxomony science of identifying and
classifying organisms according to
specific criteria using these
categories:
Kingdom (largest/Diverse)
Phylum (Division)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King
Pete
Called
Out
Funky
Golf
Scores
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There are three domains:
Archaea – unicellular prokaryotes, lack a
nucleus.
- live in harsh environments
Bacteria - unicellular prokaryotes, have
peptidoglycan in cell wall
- Archaea and Eubacteria used to be Monera
- some cause human diseases, present most
of earth
Eukarya –complex cells, have nucleus and
organelles.
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The Domain Eukarya is divided into 4
kingdoms:
Protists (kingdom Protista)
Fungi (kingdom Fungi)
Plants (kingdom Plantae)
Animals (kingdom Animalia)
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Most genera contain a number of similar
species, with the exception of Homo that
only contains modern humans.
Classification is based on evolutionary
relationships.
Each successive classification category
contains more different types of
organisms than the preceding category.
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Scientific names are binomial names,
using genus and species.
- Written in italics Genus capitalized
species isn’t
Modern humans are Homo sapiens.
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