Transcript Phylum Porifera - maxwellsciencenfhs

Phylum Porifera
• no symmetry, tissues
or organs
• sessile (=attached)
• filter feeders – have
incurrent pores to allow
food to enter
• reproduce by budding
• hermaphroditic
Phylum Cnidaria
• jellyfish, hydras, sea
anemones
• tissues
• 2 layers – ectoderm and
endoderm
• specialized stinging cells =
nematocysts –barbs
tipped w/ toxin
• digestive sac with mouth
(only one opening)
• radial symmetry
Radial Symmetry in Cnidarians
Coral spawning
Stay Far Away!!!
Who has the Worst Sting?
• Box Jelly or Sea Wasp: Causes respiratory failure. There
are many (about 70) reported deaths in Australia per
year. Wearing pantyhose has been shown to prevent
the jelly from stinging
Life cycle
video
Moon Jelly Life Cycle
TERMS used to describe cephalized (with a
head end) organisms:
•
•
•
•
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• primitive organs
• acoelomates – tissue fills
region between gut and
body wall
• bilateral symmetry
• cephalized
• 3 layers – endo- , ecto,
and meso – derm
• No circulatory system• digestive cavity has one
opening
Candy Striped flatworm
Phylum Nematoda
• pseudocoelomates – false
coelum
• bilateral symmetry
• separate sexes
• mouth and anus =simplest
animal with complete
digestive system
• nerve cord and nerve
rings
Phylum Annelida
• Name means ‘little rings’
• =Segmented worms
• true coelum – mesoderm + body cavity
lined w/ peritoneum and housing organs
• 3 tissue layers – well defined systems
• Cephalization – having forward end that
encounters food/stimuli first
Segmented worms, earthworms,
leaches
Phylum Mollusca
• 2nd largest –60,000
species
• Most abundant
marine species
• Classes include
chitons, gastropods,
bivalves and
cephalopods
• soft body
Mollusc Body Plan
• 3 parts:
• Head/foot – with sensory and motor organs
• Visceral Mass – organs for digestion, excretion,
reproduction
• Mantle – hangs over visceral mass and secretes
shell
• bilateral symmetry
• Coelomate
• Large group during Cambrian explosion
Clam
Spawning
Nudibranchs
•
Nudibranch
feeding off of a
Man-o-War and
using the
nemotocysts
• Chitons
Octopus, Squid and Cuttlefish
Phylum Arthropoda
• largest phylum ~
1,000,000 species
• hardened jointed
exoskeletons of chitin
• specialized
appendages
• segmented – head,
thorax and abdomen
• organ systems
3 Classes/Subphyla of Arthropods
Over 90% of all Animals
3 classes:
• Insects: - 3 prs of legs
tracheal breathing
tubes
• Arachnids: - 4 prs of legs
• Crustaceans –
segmented bodies, gills,
molting replaces
exoskeleton: Includes
lobsters, crayfish and shrimp
Asian seafood market
=
Horseshoe Crab is not a true crab. Its not
Horseshoe babies
a horsehoe either
Phylum Echinodermata
• marine coelomates
• radial symmetry and
bilateral symmetry mixed
• water vascular system =
network of hydraulic
canals branching into tube
feet.
• Tube feet for locomotion,
feeding and gas exchange
• regeneration
tubefeet
I thought evolved organisms were
bilaterally symmetrical??
• Larval forms of
echinoderms are
bilaterally
symmetrical
• Bipinnaria are
planktonic
What’s a water vascular system?
Water Vascular System
• Hydraulic system that
functions in locomotion,
feeding, and respiration
• Water enters madreporite
into ring canal
• Each ring canal leads into
each ray
• Tube feet (thousands) have a
sac like structure (ampullae)
that are squeezed and create
a suction
sea stars, sea urchins, sea
cucumbers, brittle stars
Phylum Chordata
* Bilateral Symmetry
* Most are vertebrates ( 47,000 species)
Compared to 2,100 invertebrate chordates
* Share embryonic similarities:
*Notochord – dorsal rod supports body becomes
backbone in most.
*Nerve cord – runs parallel to notochord – becomes
spinal cord and brain
*Slits in pharynx ( Pharyngeal slits)
*Embryos have tails that extends past anus
Chordates but not Vertebrates
Phylum Chordata
Class Agnatha
• Agnatha – jawless
fishes (Hagfish,
lamprey)
Video clip
Phylum Chordata
Class Chondrichthyes
• Cartilaginous fish
• Includes sharks and
skates
• No Bone – have
cartilage for skeleton
• Chondro = cartilage
• Ichthyes = fish
Octopus vs Shark
Phylum Chordata
Class Osteichthyes
• bony fish
-Osteo = bone
-ichthyes = fish
Phylum Chordata
Class Amphibia
• Made transition
from water to land
• Require water to
lay eggs, and to
keep skin moist for
gas exchange
• Frogs, toads,
salamanders
Phylum Chordata
Class Reptilia
• Includes turtles,
snakes, lizards, crocs,
alligators
• Have fully developed
lungss and systems
• Have AMNIOTE EGG –
shelled so it can be
laid on land!
Fringed Lizard, Alligator
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
• Birds
• hollow bones
• Feathers for flight,
insulation or both
• Resemble reptiles in
many ways
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
• Hair
• Mammary glands
(milk-producing) feed
young
• divided into 3 groups
Monotremes
Marsupials
Placentals
Monotremes
Duck Billed Platypus and Echidna
Egg laying mammals
Marsupials
• Live birth – worm-like
• Develops in mother’s
pouch
Placental Mammals
• Placenta = spongy,
blood-filled tissue of
fetal and maternal
tissues which delivers
nutrients and oxygen
to embryo and
removes wastes