Transcript Unit 6: Classification

Unit 6: Classification
Unit 6: Classification of Living Things
6.0 Classification: is the process of
sorting organisms into groups based
on similarities.
History of Classification
6.1 Aristotle: was the first scientist who
developed a system of classification by
dividing animals into 3 groups. (Walk, Fly,
Swim)
6.2 Linnaeus: a scientist who based
classification on structural similarities and
started using Latin, which is the current
system we use today.
6.3 There are 7 levels of classification.
6.4 From largest to smallest: Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, and Species.
6.5 Kingdom includes the largest number of
species. Each level below has fewer
species. Species describes only 1 type of
organism.
Example:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Felis
Species: catus
6.6 Scientist around the world name species
based on the system called Binomial
Nomenclature.
6.7 Binomial Nomenclature: is a system of
naming things using two names for each type of
organism.
Example: Felis catus = cat
Felis catus
6.8 The two parts of a species’ name are called
genus and species.
6.9 Genus: is a group of species that have similar
characteristics. Ex: Felis
6.10 Species: the second part of the names a
particular animal. Ex: catus
Genus
Felis
Species
leo
Common Name
Lion
Felis
tigris
Tiger
Felis
catus
Cat
Classification of Humans
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
6.11 Branching diagrams and graphs show
biological relationships between animals.
6.12 Branching diagram is a line drawing that
shows how closely related animals are to
one another.
6.13 Each line on a branching diagram shows
one species.
6.14 A branch on a diagram that has split into
two represents the evolution of a new
species.
6.15 Cladogram: is a branching diagram that
shows how traits are passed from common
ancestors.
6.16 These traits give information about how
the organism evolved.
6.17 Derived Characteristics: are traits that
have been changed from an earlier
condition through evolution.
6.18 Scientist have developed a method
to identify living things called a
dichotomous key.
6.19 Dichotomous Key: is a tool used to
identify organisms.
Dichotomous Key Example
6.20 There are 3 Domains:
1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
6.21 Domains is the highest level of classification.
6.22 There are 6 Kingdoms: Archae, Bacteria,
Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals
6.23 Every living organism on Earth is sorted into
one of these 6 kingdoms.
6.24 Kingdom Archae: Single cell without a
nucleus and may live in boiling hot springs.
6.25 Kingdom Bacteria: Single cell without a
nucleus.
6.26 Kingdom Protista: Single celled with a
nucleus. Ex: Paramecium, Amoeba, Kelp
6.27 Kingdom Fungi: Mushrooms and Molds
6.28 Kingdom Plants: Plants
-Plants are multicellular
-Plants store DNA in the nucleus.
-Plants make sugar using the sun.
-Plant cells have a cell wall.
6.29 Kingdom Animals: Animals
-Animals have mouths and some
type of nervous system.
-Animals store DNA in the nucleus.
-Animals get their energy by eating
other organisms.
-Animal cells don’t have a cell wall.
Kingdom: Bacteria
6.30 Bacteria are small and are a single cell
without a nucleus, called prokaryotes.
6.31 Bacteria reproduce by dividing in two and
reproduce in a short period of time.
6.32 Bacteria can be 3 different shapes:
1. Rod
2. Sphere
3. spiral
6.33 Bacteria live nearly everywhere on Earth.
6.34 Bacteria can help, harm, or have no
on other organisms.
effect
Helpful vs Harmful Bacteria
6.35 Helpful:
1. Used to make medicine (penicillin)
2. Helps digest food in stomach
3. Makes cheese, yogurt, buttermilk
4. Breaks down garbage and waste
6.36 Harmful:
1. Causes disease
2. Makes food spoil
3. Body odor / pimples
4. Cavities
Kingdom: Fungi
6.37 All Fungi are multicellular except for
yeasts, which are single cell.
6.38 A fungus cell has a nucleus and a cell
wall but no chloroplasts.
6.39 Fungi obtain energy by absorbing materials.
6.40 Fungi use chemicals to break down food
outside of their bodies and then absorb their
food.
6.41 Many fungi act as decomposers by breaking
down dead or decaying material.
Kingdom: Plants
6.42 Vascular Plants: plants that have long
tubelike structures. These structures move
water and nutrients to parts of the plant.
Plants are Grouped into 3 Types:
1. Bryophytes: are nonvascular, they were
the first plants to live on land.
Example: Mosses
2. Vascular Seedless Plants: have a vascular
system but no seeds.
Example: Ferns
3. Vascular Seed Plants: have a vascular
system but also have seeds for protecting
and dispersing embryos.
Examples: Trees and Flowering Plants
Kingdom: Animals
6.43 Zoology: The study of animals
6.44 There are about a million animals
classified in the Animal Kingdom. More
than 90% of the animals are classified as
insects.
6.45 Invertebrate: Animals without a backbone.
Examples: Jellyfish, Starfish, Snail
6.46 Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone.
Examples: Fish, Dogs, Humans, Whales
Invertebrates
6.47 Mollusks: Invertebrates with soft bodies and
a hard shell.
Examples: Octopus, Snail, Clam, Squid
6.48 Arthropods: The largest animal phylum of
invertebrates that have an exoskeleton,
segmented body, and jointed legs.
Examples: Insects, Spiders, Crustaceans
6.49 Crustaceans: Invertebrates that have
exoskeletons, jointed legs, and two pairs of
antennae. ( Most live in water)
Example: Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters
6.50 Arachnids: Invertebrates that have
exoskeletons, segmented body, and 8 legs.
(Spiders)
6.52 Insects: Invertebrates that have
exoskeletons and 3 pairs of jointed legs.
Example: Ants, Beetles, Ladybug
Vertebrates = Chordata
6.53 Amphibians: Vertebrates that spend part
of life underwater, part of life on land.
Examples: Frogs and Toads
6.54 Reptiles: Cold-blooded vertebrates that
have scales, breathe air, and lay eggs.
Examples: Lizards and Crocodiles
6.55 Mammals: Warm-blooded vertebrates that
have hair or fur and give birth to live young.
Examples: Dogs, Whales, Humans
Types of Mammals
1. Monotremes: Egg laying Mammals.
Examples: Anteaters and Platypus
2. Marsupials: The young are born extremely immature
and mothers have pouches.
Examples: Koala
and Kangaroo
3. Placental Mammals: Before birth these animals get
nourishment through their mother’s placenta.
Examples: Dog, Horse, Human
Types of Mammalian Diets
1. Herbivores: Plant Eaters (Horse, Cow)
2. Carnivores: Meat Eaters (Tigers, Whales)
3. Omnivores: Eat both Plants and Meat
(Bears, Humans)
4. Insectivores: Eat Insects
(Aardvarks, Anteaters)