Transcript Snímek 1 - Masaryk University

Hungarian oak forests from the Central European
perspective
Jan Roleček, Vegetation Science Group, Institute of Botany and Zoology
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
[email protected]
What we do?
Who are we?
Since 2002, an extensive research of the variability of oak forest
vegetation has been conducted in four Central European countries
(Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary). The research
combines traditional methods of phytosociological field
research (Braun-Blanquet approach) and advanced methods of
vegetation data analysis (multivariate analysis of vegetation
variability, indicator species analysis, ecological analysis of
vegetation using species traits, etc.). The aim of the research is to
evaluate the overall variability of Central European oak forests,
to determine the main gradients of their species composition on
different spatial scales, and to draw syntaxonomic conclusions.
The
The project
project isis coordinated
coordinated by
by the
the author
author at
at the
the
Institute
Institute of
of Botany
Botany and
and Zoology
Zoology in
in Brno,
Brno, Czech
Republic.
We cooperate
with thewith
experts
Czech Republic.
We cooperate
the in all
four
concerned
countries:Ilona
Knollová &
experts
in all four
concerned countries:
David
Zelený, Institute
Botany and
Ilona Knollová
& DavidofZelený,
Institute of
Zoology,
Brno
Botany and
Zoology, Brno
Wolfgang
Wolfgang Willner,
Willner,VINCA
VINCA–– Institut
Institut für
für
Naturschutzforschung
Naturschutzforschung und
und Ökologie,
Ökologie, Wien
Wien
Franz
Franz Starlinger,
Starlinger, Bundesamt
Bundesamt für
für Wald,
Wald, Wien
Wien
János
János Csiky,
Csiky, Dept.
Dept. of
of Systematic
Systematic and
and
Ecological
Ecological Botany,
Botany, University
University of
of Pécs
Pécs
Milan
Milan Valachovič,
Valachovič, Institute
Institute of
of Botany,
Botany, Slovak
Slovak
Academy
Academy of
of Sciences,
Sciences, Bratislava
Bratislava
Jana
Jana Sadloňová,
Sadloňová, Institute
Institute of
of Botany,
Botany, Slovak
Slovak
Academy
Academy of
of Sciences,
Sciences, Bratislava
Bratislava
The
The project
project is
is supported
supported by
by the
the Grant
Grant Agency
Agency
of
Czech
of the
the Academy
Academy of
of Sciences
Sciences of
of the
the Czech
Republic
Republic grant
grant B601630504
B601630504 and
and by
by the
the longlongterm
term research
research plan
plan MSM
MSM 0021622416.
0021622416.
Why we do that?
The traditional phytosociology brings distorted view of the variability of vegetation, especially when moving to larger spatial
scales (Chytrý 2001, Knollová & Chytrý 2004). Therefore it is not possible to describe the general patterns of species
coexistence realistically in such large regions as e.g. Hungary by summarizing the results of local phytosociological studies. It
is necessary to perform large-scale analysis of extensive phytosociological datasets then.
On the other hand, the traditional phytosociology harbours indispensable knowledge on the local vegetation variability in the
particular time and space. Thus the complementarity of the traditional and modern large-scale approaches must be
emphasized. The challenge for the contemporary vegetation science is to make the best account of the advantages of both
approaches.
Some preliminary results
This is just to show rough patterns of variability and of geographic distribution of
thermophilous oak forests in Central Europe, as they appear when you get the
phytosociological data together (about 2500 relevés). We still have to improve the
geographic and ecological representativeness of the data, to find the geographic
coordinates of many relevés, and to acquire necessary environmental data.
thermophilous oak
forests of deep
+- eutrophic soils
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
basiphilous
subxerophilous
oak forests
9
10
11 12
13
14 15
Diagnostic species - group 5
Diagnostic species - group 9
Diagnostic species - group 13
Diagnostic species - group 14
Diagnostic species - group 15
Hieracium pilosella
Geum urbanum
Teucrium chamaedrys
Fraxinus excelsior
Quercus robur
Quercus robur
Festuca ovina s.l.
Brachypodium sylvaticum
Astragalus glycyphyllos
Hepatica nobilis
Frangula alnus
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Linaria genistifolia
Carex michelii
Sorbus torminalis
Euonymus verrucosa
Potentilla erecta
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Jasione montana
Ulmus minor
Cornus mas
Molinia caerulea agg.
Carex fritschii
Quercus pubescens agg.
Potentilla alba
Galium verum s.l.
Carex pallescens
Iris variegata
Scrophularia nodosa
Achillea millefolium agg.
Viburnum opulus
Carex pallescens
Carex humilis
AU
CZ
HU
AU
Viola hirta
CZ
Ligustrum vulgare
Cornus mas
SK
Dictamnus albus
AU
Vincetoxic hirundinaria
Viburnum lantana
HU
Genista pilosa
Carex muricata agg.
Carex michelii
Arabis turrita
Luzula campestris agg.
Euonymus europaea
Fragaria viridis
Tilia platyphyllos
Phleum phleoides
Buglossoides purpurocaerulea
Bupleurum falcatum
Hedera helix
Deschampsia cespitosa
Clinopodium vulgare
Dianthus carthusianorum s.l.
Ligustrum vulgare
Rosa canina s.l.
Viola odorata
Selinum carvifolia
Festuca ovina s.l.
Hypericum perforatum
Crataegus species
Crataegus species
Carex alba
Betonica officinalis
Cerastium arvense
Trifolium alpestre
Fallopia sp.
Viburnum lantana
Sorbus aria agg.
Rubus caesius
Quercus petraea agg.
Prunus spinosa
Securigera varia
Primula veris
Fragaria vesca
Avenella flexuosa
Chaerophyllum temulum
Medicago falcata
Berberis vulgaris
Campanula patula
Ranunculus polyanthemos
Sedum rupestre
Robinia pseudacacia
Galium glaucum
Buglossoides purpurocaerulea
Viola reichen/riviniana
Betonica officinalis
Diagnostic species - group 2
Diagnostic species - group 6
Diagnostic species - group 10
Festuca ovina s.l.
Prunus spinosa
Potentilla alba
Luzula luzuloides
Euonymus europaea
Lathyrus niger
Avenella flexuosa
Acer tataricum
Carex montana
Hypericum perforatum
Poa pratensis agg.
Quercus cerris
Hieracium lachenalii
Phlomis tuberosa
Cornus sanguinea
Quercus pubescens agg.
Prunus avium
Polygonatum latifolium
Serratula tinctoria
Carex praecox s.l.
Prunus spinosa
Hieracium pilosella
Campanula bononiensis
Festuca heterophylla
Dianthus carthusianorum s.l.
Fragaria viridis
Asphodelus albus
Luzula campestris agg.
Filipendula vulgaris
Galium sylvaticum
Lychnis viscaria
Alliaria petiolata
Euphorbia angulata
Agrostis capillaris
Prunus fruticosa
Iris variegata
Steris viscaria
Pulmonaria mollis agg.
Crataegus species
HU SK
Quercus petraea agg.
Galium pumilum s.l.
AU
CZ
Poa nemoralis
HU
SK
Diagnostic species - group 7
Diagnostic species - group 11
Poa nemoralis
Vicia cassubica
Viola mirabilis
Quercus petraea agg.
Hypericum hirsutum
Euonymus verrucosa
Lathyrus niger
Rosa canina s.l.
Acer campestre
HU
Poa pratensis agg.
AU
Rubus fruticosus agg.
Geum urbanum
Veronica officinalis
Prunus spinosa
Polygonatum latifolium
Festuca heterophylla
Poa nemoralis
Viburnum lantana
Galium sylvaticum
Acer tataricum
Prunus avium
Stellaria holostea
Astragalus glycyphyllos
Carpinus betulus
Viola reichenbach/riviniana
Calamagrostis epigejos
Brachypodium sylvaticum
Melampyrum pratense
Lychnis coronaria
Cruciata laevipes
Luzula luzuloides
Veronica officinalis
Ligustrum vulgare
Ajuga reptans
Torilis japonica
Galium odoratum
Hieracium murorum
Carex muricata agg.
Pulmonaria officinalis agg.
Lathyrus vernus
CZ
Carex montana
HU
Quercus cerris
AU
Fraxinus excelsior
SK
Carex humilis
Sesleria albicans
SK
Luzula luzuloides
HU
Fagus sylvatica
Hieracium murorum
SK
CZ
Avenella flexuosa
AU
Vaccinium myrtillus
SK
The 20 charts present 15 most diagnostic species of
20 vegetation types of Central European
(sub)thermophilous oak forests. Diagnostic species
were determined using phi coefficient of fidelity
(Chytrý et al. 2002). The vegetation types were
extracted using cluster analysis (Ward´s method,
Euclidean distance) of ordination scores of relevés
on first four ordination axes of detrended
correspondence analysis (species cover values logtransformed).
Teucrium chamaedrys
The pie charts present the relative number of
relevés of a particular vegetation type coming from a
particular country: HU – Hungary, SK – Slovakia, AU
– Austria, CZ – Czech Republic.
Quercus pubescens agg.
Potentilla heptaphylla agg.
Pimpinella saxifraga s.l.
Asperula tinctoria
Leontodon incanus
Quercus pubescens agg.
Genista pilosa
Vincetoxic hirundinaria
Galium austriacum
Asperula cynanchica
Arabis hirsuta agg.
Salvia pratensis
Diagnostic species - group 17
Cornus mas
Teucrium chamaedrys
Berberis vulgaris
Erysimum odoratum
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
The dendrogram shows the similarity between the
20 vegetation types presented in the charts.
xerothermic oak forests
Diagnostic species - group 4
CZ
AU
Sorbus aria agg.
CZ
HU
SK
Hieracium sabaudum
SK
Festuca rubra
AU SK
HU
AU
Convallaria majalis
Cornus sanguinea
HU
Arrhenatherum elatius
What do the charts say?
CZ
Diagnostic species - group 3
CZ
HU
CZ
CZ
Diagnostic species - group 16
Quercus cerris
Pinus sylvestris
AU
of rocky substrates
SK AU
Carex humilis
Bupleurum falcatum
Anthericum ramosum
Brachypodium pinnatum
Securigera varia
Stachys recta
CZ
AU
SK
Pyrethrum corymbosum
Juniperus communis
Campanula rapunculoides
Diagnostic species - group 8
Diagnostic species - group 12
Diagnostic species - group 20
Diagnostic species - group 19
Diagnostic species - group 18
Geum urbanum
Seseli libanotis
Poa compressa
Stachys recta
Erysimum odoratum
Polygonatum latifolium
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Festuca rupicola
Galium glaucum
Quercus pubescens agg.
Sambucus nigra
Hieracium bifidum
Galium verum s.l.
Thymus pannonicus agg.
Teucrium chamaedrys
Cyclamen purpurascens
Hieracium bauhinii
Festuca rupicola
Prunus mahaleb
Viola collina
Seseli osseum
Phleum phleoides
Festuca pallens s.l.
Knautia drymeia
Dorycnium pentaphyllum agg.
Teucrium chamaedrys
Galium album s.l.
Poa pannonica
Achillea millefolium agg.
Stachys recta
Alliaria petiolata
AU
HU
Acer campestre
SK
18 19 20
Quercus petraea agg.
Quercus cerris
Digitalis grandiflora
Viola suavis
Salvia glutinosa
Senecio nemorensis agg.
Ulmus minor
Sesleria albicans
Veronica chamaedrys agg.
Agropyron intermedium agg.
Helianthemum grandiflorum
Calamagrostis arundinacea
Buglossoides purpurocaerulea
Calamagrostis varia
Veronica officinalis
Anthemis tinctoria
Cornus mas
Hieracium racemosum
Galium aparine
Lonicera xylosteum
Poa pratensis agg.
Sedum sexangulare
Polypodium vulgare agg.
Viola mirabilis
Silene nemoralis
Carex caryophyllea
AU
SK
Carex humilis
CZ
HU
Asperula cynanchica
AU
Inula ensifolia
Poa stiriaca
Geranium robertianum
Euphorbia angulata
Festuca valesiaca s.l.
Allium flavum
Carpinus betulus
Euonymus europaea
Carpinus betulus
Juniperus communis
Linaria genistifolia
Carex michelii
Melampyrum pratense
Lactuca quercina
Silene nutans
Agrimonia eupatoria
Lactuca viminea
Geranium sanguineum
Sorbus aucuparia
Brachypodium sylvaticum
Corylus avellana
Trifolium campestre
Acinos arvensis
Waldsteinia geoides
SK
Fraxinus ornus
CZ
SK
HU
Chytrý M. 2001: Phytosociological data give biased estimates of species richness. Journal of
Vegetation Science 12: 439-444.
Knollová I. & Chytrý M. 2004: Oak-hornbeam forests of the Czech Republic: geographical and
ecological approaches to vegetation classification. Preslia 76: 291-311.
Chytrý M., Tichý L., Holt J. & Botta-Dukát Z. (2002): Determination of diagnostic species with
statistical fidelity measures. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 79-90.
Rumex acetosella
CZ
17
subthermophilous
oak forests of heavy
or sandy soils
Diagnostic species - group 1
SK
16
Cited literature
acidophilous
subthermophilous
oak forests
1