Transcript APAnimalEvolution

Big Idea Evolution: Animals
Campbell’s Chapters
32 General Animals, 33 Invertebrates,
34 Vertebrates
Animal Evolution
• What characteristics
unite animals?
• What characteristics
allow for diversity
(at the phylum
level)?
• Later in the
year…what
characteristics have
animal systems
evolved.
Common ancestor and unifying
characteristics
• Heterotrophic
cosumers
• Lack cell walls
(collagen & ECM)
• Nervous & Muscle
tissue
• Diploid dominant
• Hox genes
Choanoflagellate protist
ancestor
Animal Cladogram
Tree-thinking Formative
Assessment
• What group of organisms share the most
recent C. A. with arthropods?
• Who is more closely related?
– Porifera & Cnidaria
– Cnidaria & Brachiopoda
• Which of the following represents a “clade’?
– Nemetera & Nematoda
– Annelida & Arthropoda
– Porifera & Cnidaria
Developmental basics (aka…animal
embryology in brief)
Body plan vocabulary
• Symmetry and Cephalization
– Radial--dipoblastic
– Bilateral--tripoblastic
• Cephailization
• Germ layers
• Body Cavity
– Acoleomate
– Pseudocoelom
– Coelomate
• Development & Formation formation of tissues
– Protostome
• Spiral and determineate
• Blastopore becomes mouth
– Deuterostome
• Radial and indeterminate
• Blastopore becomes anus
Gastrulation
• Endoderm:
– Inner lining of dig/resp
• Mesoderm:
– Muscles, reproductive
organs
• Ecotderm:
– Outer covering,
nervous system
• Bilateral
– Along with this
evolved
cephalization
(CNS)
• Radial
– Cnidarians: Hydra,
jellyfish
– Not Starfish
(echinoderms)
– Embryos are
bilateral; adults have
a radial symmetry
that evolved
separately
Symmetry
Body Cavity
• Coelom: digestive
organs are suspended
in a mesentery to help
prevent injury.
– Pseudo: false (body
cavity but organs no
mesentery
Developmental
plans
• Remember
that Chordates
and
Echinoderms
share a recent
C. A. and are
“dooties”
Body plan vs. Molecular Data
• DNA data refutes
structural
hypotheses:
– Roundworms and
flatworms in
different clades
– Annelids and
Arthropods do not
share a recent
common ancestor
Invertebrates: Focus on Arthropods
• Examples of evolutionary
success and constraint
• An Arthropod Story:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu
/evolibrary/article/arthropo
dstory
Arthropod Story
• 1) Big Idea #4 (Interactions): Develop an
appreciation for arthropods in our world. Compare
to the human microbiome.
• 2) Know the shared characteristics of arthropods
and how derived characteristics separate classes
within Arthropods
• 3) For your own interest…
• 4) Connect to the theme “structure meets
function”:
• 5) Describe “evolutionary constraint” and be able to
explain using Arthropods as an example
Vertebrates
• Do you
remember???
• What did T. rex
taste like?
http://www.ucmp.
berkeley.edu/tas
te/
Using a character table to draw a
cladogram
Vertebrate
Cladogram
Vertebrate Cladogram
Tree thinking using the previous
cladogram
• What would be the characteristics of the
common ancestor to reptiles, birds, and
mammals?
• Are mammals more closely related to birds or
crocodiles?
What is the
significance an
amniotic egg?
• Shells or placenta
and protective
cavity allow
offspring to be born
on land!!!
DNA has
again
challenged
our thinking
• Does the
traditional
classification
called “reptile”
make sense?
If we group all reptiles into a clade,
what other organisms belong to that
clade?
Big Idea #1: Evolution
• Summary 10-minute writing prompt:
– How does our understanding of animals (both
modern day and extinct) contribute to our
understanding of the Unity and Diversity of living
things as a big idea in biology.
– Give clear, direct examples from what we
discussed to support your reasoning.