Transcript Fish-Amphib-Rep

Chapter 16
Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
16-1 What is a Vertebrates?
Vertebrates
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An animal that has a vertebral column (backbone)
Protects the spinal cord
Connects brain to nerves in body
16-1 What is a Vertebrates?
Vertebrates
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Have endoskeletons
(internal skeletons)
Gives shape to body
Supports body
Made of living tissue so
it grows with the body
16-1 What is a Vertebrates?
Vertebrates
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Belong to the phylum Chordata
Some time during their lives they have 3
characteristics
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Nerve Cord
Hollow tube near animals back
Notochord
Long flexible support rod that runs through part of
animals body
Throat with gill slits
Allows oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out
while in water
16-1 What is a Vertebrates?
16-1 What is a Vertebrate
Vertebrates
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Coldblooded
Ectotherms
Rely on environments
for heat
Fish, amphibians,
reptiles
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Warmblooded
Endotherms
Maintain their body
temperature
Birds and mammals
16-2 Fish
First Fish
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First appeared about
540 million years ago
in fossil record
No jaws
Body covered by bony
plates
First animals to have
vertebral column
16-2 Fish
Fish
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Water dwelling
vertebrates that are
characterized by
scales, fins, and
throats with gill slits
(all fish)
Not all fish have these
characteristics
Sturgeon have no
scales
16-2 Fish
Fish
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Most fish have fins
Vary in structure and
function
Can have paired fins or
single fins
Can be used to stay
upright or steer
Large tail fin moves
side to side to move
16-2 Fish
Fish
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Eat just about anything
Have a closed
circulatory system
Excretory system
gives off ammonia
Have well developed
nervous system
Eyes
Good sense of smell
and taste
16-2 Fish
Fish
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Most species males
and females are
separate individuals
Males produce sperm,
females produce eggs
Some species are born
male and develop into
females
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Most have external
fertilization
16-2 Fish
Jawless Fishes
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Most primitive
Lack scales and fins
also
Skeletons are made of
cartilage
Eellike bodies
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Lampreys
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Only species of
jawless fish alive
Suction-cup mouth
with teeth
Attaches to animals and
scrapes away skin
Eats body fluids
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Hagfishes
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Considered most
primitive vertebrate
today
Wormlike body with 46 short tentacles
extended from its
mouth
Feeds on dead or
dying fish
16-2 Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
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Sharks, rays, skates,
sawfish, and
chimaeras
Skeletons made of
cartilage
16-2 Fish
Sharks
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Top predator of the
oceans
Have up to 3000 teeth
In rows
First 2 rows are for
feeding rest are for
replacement
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Skates and Rays
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Flat bodies
2 large broad fins
Most live on ocean
bottom
Some have poison
spines on tail
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Bony Fish
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Skeleton is made of
hard bones
Bones are small
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Most Travel in groups
Schools
16-2 Fish
Bony Fish
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Most have paired fins
Fins are supported by
rays
Ray finned fish
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Lobe finned fish
Fins have fleshy base
and leglike bones
16-2 Fish
Bony Fish
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Have a swim bladder
Gas filled sac that let
fish float in water
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Extremely adapted
Electric Eel
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Produces up to 650
volts
Remora
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Attaches to sharks
and cleans them
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Bony Fish
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Adaptations
Flounder
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Babies hatch with an
eye on both sides of
its head
Adults have both eyes
on one side of its
head
Lays on bottom and
can see
Can also change
color
16-2 Fish
Bony Fish
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Adaptations
Lantern Fish and Angler
Fish
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Live 300-700 meters
deep
Have light emitting
organs to attract fish
Mudskippers
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Can walk on land with
their fins
Breath through its
skin
16-3 Amphibians
Amphibians
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Vertebrates that are
fishlike and that
breathe through gills
when immature
Live on land and
breathe through lungs
and moist skin as
adults
Skin contains many
glands, lack scales
and claws
16-3 Amphibians
Amphibians
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Appeared about 360
million years ago
Eggs lack had outer
shells
If not placed in water
they will dry out
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Double loop closed
circulatory system
HeartLungsHeart
BodyHeart
16-3 Amphibians
Amphibians
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Well developed
execratory system
Well developed
nervous system
Large eyes
Large brain
16-3 Amphibians
Amphibians
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External fertilization
Metamorphosis
Tadpole
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Tail and head
Adult
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Legs
16-3 Amphibians
Frogs and Toads
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Hibernation
Body activity slows
down
Frogs bury themselves
beneath the mud during
winter
Toads bury themselves
below the frost line
16-3 Amphibians
Frogs and Toads
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Toads usually have
poisons
Located behind the eye
or on the back
Makes attackers sick or
die
16-3 Amphibians
Salamanders and
Newts
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Keep their tails for
entire life
Not able to jump
Live in moist areas
For reproduction
To breathe
16- 4 Reptiles
Reptiles
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Vertebrates that have
lungs, scaly skin, cold
blooded, and a special
type of egg
Snakes, turtles,
crocodiles, and dinosaurs
(extinct)
16- 4 Reptiles
Reptiles
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First appeared about 300
million years ago
Large, fat, short legged
animals
Looked like cross
between a lizard and a
toad
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Reptiles
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Skin
Tough, dry, thick layer
of scales
Made out of substance
that makes fingernails
Waterproof
Shed their skin
16- 4 Reptiles
Reptiles
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Double loop circulatory
system
Nervous system like
amphibians
Brain is better
developed
Well developed
respiratory system
16- 4 Reptiles
Reptiles
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Internal fertilization
Eggs
Surrounded by
protective shell
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Prevents drying out
Flexible but tough (like
leather)
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Lizards
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Typically have slender
bodies, movable
eyelids, long tails, four
legs, and clawed toes
Range from 3 cm
(geckos) to 4.5 m
(monitors)
16- 4 Reptiles
Lizards
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Mostly eat insects
Waits and strikes with
mouth
Defense
Color change
Shed tail
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Will grow back
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Snakes
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Lizards that have lost their
limbs, eyelids, and ears
Move by wriggling long,
thin, muscular bodies
Scales help to grip the
ground
Good swimmers
16- 4 Reptiles
Snakes
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Feeding
Eat small animals
Able to detect heat
Can taste the air
with tongue
Can dislocate their
jaw
Some produce
poisons
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Injected by fangs
16- 4 Reptiles
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Turtles
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Reptiles whose
bodies are enclosed
in a shell
Shell
Plates of bone
covered by scales
Some are soft
(leather back)
Some can hold up
to 200 times their
own weight
16- 4 Reptiles
Turtles
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Have beaks similar to
birds
Diet
Most eat plants
Some eat animals by
lures
16- 4 Reptiles
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Alligators and Crocodiles
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Large meat-eating reptiles
Insects, fish, birds, amphibians, large hoofed
mammals
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Long snouts, powerful tails, and thick armored
skin
Build nests of mud and plants for eggs
Most species guard their nests
16- 4 Reptiles
Alligators
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Have broad rounded
snouts
When mouth is closed
only a few teeth are
visible
Do not usually attack
Grow to a max of about
13 ft
16- 4 Reptiles
Crocodiles
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Have narrow pointed
snouts
When mouth is closed all
teeth show
Very aggressive
Can grow to nearly 20 ft
16- 4 Reptiles
Freshwater Crocodile
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Saltwater Crocodile
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Saltwater Crocodile