Transcript ANIMALS REVIEW Chapters 33 & 34

ANIMALS REVIEW
Chapters 33 & 34
Image from: http://www.millan.net
Label the directions
DORSAL
A.__________________
POSTERIOR
D_______________
ANTERIOR
______________B
VENTRAL
___________________
C.
Animation from: http://bestanimations.com
Animals whose embryos display
indeterminate radial cleavage and in
which the embryonic blastopore
becomes the ANUS deuterostomes
Cell with nuclear envelope
eukaryote
Animals whose embryos display
determinate spiral cleavage and in
which the embryonic blastopore
becomes the MOUTH
protostomes
Cell without a nuclear envelope
prokaryote
Name the 3 kinds of nitrogen waste
that can be excreted by animals.
Ammonia, urea, uric acid
Which of these is excreted by birds,
reptiles, and insects to conserve
water?
uric acid
If you remove cells from an early
deuterostome embryo the
_____________
remaining cells can still make the whole
organism.
Deuterostome
Protostome
Name the 3 germ layers that form in
early triploblastic embryos.
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Body cavity (space) formed within
the mesoderm that surrounds
the internal organs
___________________
coelom
Animals belong in the
Animalia
kingdom ____________
and the
Eukarya
domain __________
Type of coelom in which there
is NO space and mesoderm
fills the area between ectoderm
and endoderm
Acoelom
___________________
Type of coelom in which mesoderm
is found lining the outside body wall
eucoelom
and surrounding the gut
__________________
Type of coelom in which mesoderm
lines the outside body wall but is
NOT found around the gut
pseudocoelom
__________________
Outside body covering in an animal
(like skin, scales, feathers, fur)
integument
Embryonic layer of cells that gives rise
to muscles, interior body linings, and
most internal organs between the digestive
tube and outer covering
_____________
mesoderm
blastopore
In some animals the ____________
in the embryo becomes the anus
and in others it becomes the mouth
One of three layers of cells in an
embryo from which specific organ
Germ layer
systems develop = _________
The young of animals that show
indirect
___________
development start
out as an immature larva and
undergo metamorphosis to become
adults .
http://www.enchantedlearning.com
NAME THIS TYPE OF CLEAVAGE
SPIRAL
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif
What do we call organisms with this
type of cleavage?
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
PROTOSTOMES
NAME THE TYPE OF COELOM
Eucoelom
Images from:
Acoelom
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
Pseudocoelom
NAME THIS TYPE OF CLEAVAGE
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif
radial
What do we call organisms with this
type of cleavage?
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
DEUTEROSTOMES
What is the advantage of
having a true eucoelom?
Outer body wall is independent of gut.
Animal can move body muscles without
interfering with its digestion
Removing cells from an
protostome
____________
embryo will result
in an organism with parts missing
and the organism will die.
deterostome
protostome
Another name for “cold blooded”
ectothermic
Type of circulatory system seen
in vertebrates
closed
I am a vertebrate deuterostome, with
internal fertilization, external
development in an amniotic egg, lungs,
3-chambered heart, 2 loop circulatory
system. Who am I?
Animalia Reptile
I am a vertebrate deuterostome, with
external fertilization, external development,
lungs, 3 chambered heart, who am I?
Animalia Amphibian
PROTOSTOME?
DEUTEROSTOME?
DEUTEROSTOMES
Indeterminate radial cleavage ______________________
PROTOSTOMES
Determinate spiral cleavage _______________________
PROTOSTOMES
Blastopore becomes mouth _____________________
DEUTEROSTOMES
Blastopore becomes anus ______________________
Can’t make identical twins PROTOSTOMES
_______________________
DEUTEROSTOMES
Can make identical twins _______________________
PROTOSTOME?
DEUTEROSTOME?
Includes all vertebrates plus echinoderms DEUTEROSTOMES
____________________
Includes all triploblastic
PROTOSTOMES
invertebrates except echinoderms ____________________
The process in which the blastopore moves inward
in the blastula and the embryonic germ layers
form
GASTRULATION
In most bilaterally symmetrical
invertebrates (like mollusks,
worms, & arthropods) the
blastopore becomes the
mouth
________
anus
mouth
invertebrate
An ____________is
an animal
without a backbone.
Type of symmetry seen in jellyfish and
adult starfish in which dividing
the animal in several
directions can produce equal
halves.
Asymmetry
radial
bilateral
radial
Images from: http://www.utm.edu/~rirwin/symmetry2.htm
http://www.healthstones.com/ocean_life_store/wild_safari_marine_animals/starfish_purple/starfish_purple.jpg
http://www.utm.edu/~rirwin/symmetry2.htm
Slicing this mouse down
the middle results in halves
that are mirror images.
This kind of symmetry is
bilateral
called _____________
Germ layer covering the surface
of the embryo that gives rise to the
outer covering, brain, and central
nervous system
ectoderm
No matter which
way you slice this
animal, you never
get 2 equal halves.
asymmetry.
It has ________
Asymmetry
bilateral symmetry
radial symmetry
The young of animals that show
_________
direct development start
out looking like the adults only
smaller.
Type of circulatory system in
which blood in not enclosed in
vessels but circulates freely in
the coelom and tissues
Open circulation
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
This hollow ball of cells
that forms in animal
embryos is called a
_____________
blastula
The depression that forms in the
side of the ball when cells move
blastopore
inward is called the ____________.
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm
Rigid covering on the outside of
an animals body that acts as a
skeleton exoskeleton
The blastopore area in an animal
embryo becomes part of which
body system? digestive
Egg laying mammals are called
_____________
monotremes
3
Most reptiles have ___chambers
in their heart and a ___
2 loop
circulatory system.
Name one way DEUTEROSTOMES are
different from PROTOSTOMES
PROTOSTOMES
1. Blastopore becomes mouth
2. Determinate
embryonic cells
3. Spiral cleavage
4. Invertebrates except
echinoderms
DEUTEROSTOMES
1 Blastopore becomes anus
2.Indeterminate
embryonic cells
3.Radial cleavage
4. Vertebrates &
echinoderms
Why are starfish considered to be
BILATERIANS if they have radial
symmetry?
Their larva have bilateral symmetry and
their embryos develop like other
deuterostomes
Kingdoms (like animals) whose
organisms can be traced back to
one common ancestor are called
monophyletic
_____________
Based on molecular similarities, which is
the group of triploblastic INVERTEBRATES
in which the blastopore becomes the anus?
Echinoderms (EX: starfish)
Animals with “true tissues” belong in the
clade called ____________
EUMETAZOA
ANIMALS
All METAZOANS are ____________
Name one of the animal groups you
learned about that are vertebrates.
Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians
Give some common examples of
coelomate protostomes
Annelids, mollusks, arthropods
Type of symmetry seen in humans
bilateral
All coelomates can be divided into
TWO groups based on how their
embryos develop. Name these two.
Protostomes & deuterostomes
Give some characteristics unique to
the echinoderms
Spiny skin
invertebrate deuterostomes
water vascular system/tube feet
The concentration of sensory and
brain structures in the anterior
end of an organism is called
cephalization
__________
Why do zoologists debate the
relationship of mollusks and
annelids?
A ciliated trochophore larva is seen
in both marine mollusks and some
annelids, but mollusks are not segmented
like annelids.
Humans show ________
internal fertilization.
external
internal
Which kind of coelom do most
animals including humans have?
A
B
C
A-true
coelom
http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html
closed circulatory system
In a(n) ______
blood circulates throughout the body
inside blood vessels
An immature form of an organism
LARVA
is called a ____________
Which of the forms of nitrogen
waste excreted by animals is
MOST TOXIC and requires the
most water to dilute?
AMMONIA
direct
Humans show ________
development.
direct
indirect
Name one of the functions of a
coelom
Provides space for/cushions internal organs
Can act as a hydrostatic skeleton
Can provide space for nutrients/oxygen
to circulate
Which vertebrates are amniotes?
Birds, reptiles,
mammals (monotremes)
4
Birds have ___chambers
2 loop
in their heart and a ___
circulatory system.
Innermost germ layer that lines
the digestive tract and gives rise
to organs derived from it like
liver and lungs endoderm
Name the 3 kinds of symmetry
you learned about
Asymmetry, radial symmetry, &
bilateral symmetry
Mammals like a kangaroo whose
babies spend time in a pouch
marsupials
are called ____________
3
Adult amphibians have ___chambers
2 loop
in its heart and a ___
circulatory system.
Type of reproduction in which one
parent copies itself without
exchanging genetic material with
a partner.
asexual
Skeleton that is located inside
the body.
endoskeleton
Arthropods have an exoskeleton,
___________
jointed appendages, and open
circulation
Name the two classes of
Vertebrates that are
endothermic Birds (Aves) &
mammals (Mammalia)
Another name for warm blooded
endothermic
Nephridia, Malpighian tubules,
Green glands, and flame cells
belong to which body system?
excretory
Which vertebrate groups are
ectothermic?
Fish, amphibians, reptiles
2
A fish has ___chambers
in its
1 loop circulatory
heart and a ___
system.
I am a single-celled extremophile, living in
high temperature or high salinity
environments. Who am I?
Archaebacteria
I am a heterotroph, with a chitinous
cell wall, and multinucleated filamentous
hyphae. Who am I?
fungi
I am a vertebrate deuterostome, with internal
fertilization, external development in an
amniotic egg, lungs, and a 4-chambered heart,
Who am I?
Animalia Aves (bird)
I am a vertebrate deuterostome, with
internal fertilization, external development in an
amniotic egg, lungs, fur, milk production,
4-chambered heart, who am I?
Animalia Mammalia Monotreme
I am a segmented coelomate, with jointed
appendages, and a chitinous exoskeleton,
Who am I?
Animalia Arthropoda
I am a coelomate, with spiny skin,
invertebrate deuterostome, with
radial symmetry as adults, and an
endoskeleton, Who am I?
Animalia Echinodermata
I am/have single-celled, heterotroph,
peptidoglycan cell wall, circular DNA but
no nuclear envelope, reproduce by binary
fission. Who am I? eubacteria
4
Mammals have ___chambers
in their heart and a ___
2 loop
circulatory system.
I am a multicellular heterotroph, with no
cell wall, no symmetry and no distinct
tissues, who am I?
Animalia
Porifera (sponge)
I am a soft-bodied coelomate,
invertebrate protostome,
both terrestrial and aquatic (with gills),
many have external shells, who am I?
Animalia Mollusca
I am bilaterally symmetrical, an invertebrate
protostome, with 3 germ tissue layers,
an acoelomate, with a <2 opening digestive
system. Who am I?
Animalia
Platyhelminthes (flatworm)
I am a segmented coelomate, bilaterally
symmetrical, two opening digestive tract,
gas exchange through body surface, nephridia
for excretion, closed circulation. Who am I?
Animalia Annelida (segmented worms)
I am a photosynthetic, unicellular, silica
cell wall, eukaryotic algae, most
common type of phytoplankton and a
major oxygen producer, Who am I?
Protist (diatom)
Which 4 characteristics characterize
CHORDATES?
Notochord, pharyngeal pouches
dorsal nerve cord, post anal tail
I am a segmented coelomate, with 2 body
segments, 8 legs,and a chitinous
exoskeleton, book lungs, and Malpighian
tubules. Who am I?
Arthropod Arachnid (spider)
I am an aquatic, single-celled eukaryote,
heterotroph,with pseudopodial movement,
Who am I?
Protist (amoeba)
I am an invertebrate protostome with
radial symmetry, both polyp and medusa
phases, and stinging nematocysts.
Who am I?
Animalia
Cnidaria (jellyfish)
I am an unsegmented pseudocoelomate,
invertebrate protostome, bilaterally
symmetrical, with 2 opening digestive system,
soil and aquatic habitats, some parasitic.
Who am I? Animalia
Nematoda (round worm)
I am a vertebrate deuterstome, with
internal fertilization, internal
development , fur, mammary glands,
and a 4-chambered heart, Who am I?
Animalia Mammal
I am a coelomate, deuterostome, with
bilateral symmetry, and endoskeleton,
possess dorsal nerve cord, notochord, post anal
tail & pharyngeal slits during development,
Who am I?
Animalia Chordata
I am a vertebrate deuterstome, with
internal fertilization, internal
development but must be completed
externally in pouch, lungs, and a
4-chambered heart, who am I?
Animalia Mammal Marsupial
I am an aquatic, single-celled eukaryote,
that contains numerous chloroplasts,
flagellated, reproduce by mitosis,
who am I?
Protist (euglena)
Why is segmentation important?
Efficient way to add length;
Permits specialization in body regions;
Allows parts to move independently
Why are amniotic eggs significant?
Amniotic eggs have specialized membranes
to protect the embryo and prevent
dehyration. Allowed descendants of
amphibians to move out onto land and not
have to return to water to lay eggs.
What are the two forms of shape
seen in Cnidarians?
Polyp and medusa
Which membrane stores nitrogen
waste and is involved in gas
exchange in an amniotic egg?
allantois
Which membrane surrounds the other
three membranes in an amniotic egg
and forms the baby’s portion of the
placenta?
chorion
How are cnidarian medusa and polyp
forms different?
Polyps are sessile;
medusa are free swimming
What is the significance of a true
coelom?
Body wall and gut are separated
so can move independently
What are some unique
characteristics common to the
cnidarians?
Diploblastic
radial symmetry
gastrovascular cavity
Tissues/specialized cells (nematocysts)
Give an example of a cnidarian
Jellyfish, coral, anemones
Tell some characteristics of arthropods
Segmentation
exoskeleton of chitin
Jointed appendages
Open circulatory system
many undergo metamorphosis
Tell some characteristics of reptiles
Dry,scaly skin
ectothermic
internal fertilization
amniotic eggs
Most 3 chamber heart/2 loop
circulatory system
Excrete uric acid
Type of reproduction in which the egg is
covered with a shell, but is kept inside
the mother’s body until it hatches or right
before it hatches, and the egg provides
nourishment to the embryo,
ovoviviparity
Which kinds of animals display this
kind of reproduction?
Some reptiles (snakes)
Tell some characteristics of birds
feathers/wings
Lightweight hollow bones
internal fertilization
4 chamber heart/2 loop circulatory system
lay amniotic eggs
Endothermic
excrete uric acid
Efficient lungs with air sacs
Type of reproduction in which the egg
is covered with a shell, is laid outside
the mother’s body, and the egg
provides nourishment to the embryo
oviparity
Which kinds of animals display this
kind of reproduction?
Reptiles, birds, monotreme mammals
The membrane that surrounds the
developing embryo in an amniotic
egg
amnion
The membrane that functions in
gas exchange and stores nitrogen
waste in an amniotic egg
allantois
Outer membrane that surrounds all
the other membranes in an
amniotic egg
chorion
Tell some characteristics of mammals
Endothermic
4 chamber heart/2 loop circulatory system
Fur
Make milk for young
Most viviparous (live young)
Tell some characteristics of bony fish
Ectothermic
2 chamber heart/1 loop circulatory system
Swim bladder/lungs
Endoskeleton of bone or cartilage
Scales/fins
Name the three kinds of
reproduction seen in mammals
Monotremes (egg layers)
Marsupials (pouch)
Placental (eutheria)-true placenta inside mom
Give some characteristics of annelids
Segmentation
Invertebrate protostomes
Eucoelomate
2 opening digestive system
Closed circulatory system
Most hermaphrodites (both ovary/testes)
Which of the cnidarian body forms is
characteristic of sea anemones?
polyp
Type of reproduction in which the egg is
not covered with a shell, but is kept inside
the mother’s body, and embryo is supplied
nourishment from the mother via a
placenta
viviparity
Which kinds of animals display this
kind of reproduction?
Mammals (placental & marsupial)
Which membrane surrounds the
developing embryo and the fluid in
which it floats in an amniotic egg?
amnion
Which membrane surrounds the fat
rich food supply in an amniotic egg?
Yolk sac
Type of reproduction in which young
develop from unfertilized eggs
parthenogenesis
Why are arthropods regarded as the
most successful animal phylum?
Greatest diversity of species, distribution,
and total numbers of all animal groups
Which kingdom is polyphyletic and
contains the widest array of
organisms?
protista
Which of the cnidarian body forms is
characteristic of a jellyfish?
medusa
THE END