Transcript Gas Exchange

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Architeuthis Giant squid
Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
Colossal squid
http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/02/22/squid_narrowweb__300x363,0.jpg
http://www.mnh.si.edu/natural_partners/squid4/DispatchImages/20Feb1999/gills_inside_mantle_cavity_labeled.jpg
Evaginated gills surrounded by
water bearing oxygen
Perca flavescens http://www.tnfish.org/PhotoGalleryFish_TWRA/FishPhotoGallery_TWRA/images/YellowPerchMeltonHillNegus_jpg.jpg
oxygenated
water
operculum
deoxygenated,
carbonated water
Muscular operation of operculum
system moves water into mouth, over
evaginated gills, and out from trailing
edge of operculum
See Fig. 45.5 pg 907
http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/aseptal_gills2.jpg
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
How do evaginated gills work?
filament
enlarged…
Gill filament shows counter-current exchange design:
blood
return
to heart
water and blood
flow in opposite
directions
blood
from
heart
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company
See Fig. 45.5 pg 907
100
70
40
15
100 85 70 55
53
90
60
30
5
5 20 35 50
52
blood
blood
100
100
water
50
Percent O2 Saturation
Percent O2 Saturation
Counter-current is more efficient than concurrent exchange
water countercurrent
water concurrent
blood
0
Countercurrent flow maximizes:
• Oxygen removal from water
• Blood oxygen content
See Fig. 45.6 pg 907
water
50
0
blood
This efficient system is needed
because oxygen solubility is very
low in water (10 mg/L) compared to
in air (286 mg/L).
Delicate gills need protection from predators: shells, opercula
Other species evolved internalized respiratory trees…
Sea cucumber
body systems
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Compa
http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/oceans/sea_cucumber_8178_800.jpg
evaginated or invaginated?
Tidal flow through anus into respiratory tree of sea cucumber:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzTVh1U7Et4
The tidal flow gas supply is enough to support a friend too…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00DXYXVRHkQ&feature=youtu.be
http://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/trochophor_larv_186.jpg
And now for a look inside our gastropod mollusc…
Trochophore
larva:
Veliger larva:
http://www.zetnet.co.uk/~pm/photos/snail.jpg
http://people.bu.edu/veliger/veliger.jpeg
The shell obviously provides a hard covering for the visceral mass.
The snail shown here is a pulmonate, with a vascularized mantle cavity
serving as a lung. Vascularizing this led to loss of the gills in most
gastropods.
The gastropods, are clearly hermaphroditic, and some are self-fertile.
Free-living larval stages are the dispersal mechanisms in water (diffusion?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochophore
trochophore larva
Adult Sea elephant (snail)…
its radula
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/AtlantaPeroni1.jpg
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Oxygyru
sLarva1.jpg
gas exchange by simple diffusion
veliger larva
its proboscis
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/
AtlantaSpRadula11.230a.jpg
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/ScutataProboscis11.200a.jpg
The slug shows the pneumostome in the mantle for breathing.
pneumostome
foot
skirt
mantle
optical tentacles
sensory tentacles
http://www.nawwal.org/~mrgoff/photojournal/2003/winspr/pictures/05-17slug2.jpg
http://clacc.uchc.edu/Species/Aquatics/HorseshoeCrab/HorseShoeCrab1.jpg
book gills
http://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/images/LimulusDorsal.jpg
http://www.bumblebee.org/invertebrates/images/LimulusVentral.jpg
book lungs
trachea
diffusion book gills
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/40/108057513_ff286d144f.jpg
http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/flightinternational/scorpion.gif
http://weblog.pell.portland.or.us/~orc/bugs/argiope_aurantia.jpg
Considerable
diversity
within a
single
taxonomic
category
http://somethingscrawlinginmyhair.com/wpcontent/uploads/2007/09/tickdorsalview2007
-5-2.jpg
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/ebmedia/97/46897-004-E3937032.jpg
Chelicerata
Argyroneta aquatica, the water spider, traps air with body hairs
at surface and brings the air down to the hydrophobic web for
later use…sometimes called the “water bell” spider.
http://mmem.spschools.org/grade5science/wetland/waterspider.jpeg
Centruroides vittatus (bark scorpion) has a book lung
(an evaginated surface like a gill for terrestrial gas exchange)
http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/tenczar/Cvittatus/Centruroides_vittatus.jpg
©1996 Norton Presentation Maker,
W. W. Norton & Company