Transcript ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology
Subphylum Crustacea
Arthropoda – Subphylum Crustacea
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~ 42,000 species
Major trophic link between
primary producers
(phytoplankton) and higher
level consumers
Mostly aquatic
Three part brain
Two pair of antennae
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Antennae
Tactile
Chemosensory
Many legs
Mostly separate sexes
http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/lobbiol.html
Subphylum Crustacea
Shrimps
and
shrimplike
animals
Subphylum Crustacea
Lobsters
and
crawfish
Subphylum Crustacea
Crabs
Class Branchiopoda
Order Anostraca
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Can tolerate desiccation and high
salinity
15-30 mm in length
Elongate shrimp-like bodies without
a carapace
Have stalked compound eyes
Most are suspension feeders
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Swim ventral side up
Use their thoracic appendages for
capturing food particles
Food is passed to a central groove,
encased in mucus and moved
forward to mouth.
Gonochoric
Nauplius larvae
Nauplius larvae
http://meso.spawar.navy.mil/
Newsltr/Images/fairyshrimp.j
http://www.gslyc.org/images/FAQ/ARTEM2.jpg
pg
http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Images
/nauplius.jpg
Fairy shrimp
Brine Shrimp
Class Branchiopoda
Order Notostraca
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Tadpole shrimps
None occur in oceans
Feed on organic matter in
sediments; some are
predators or scavengers
Characteristic broad
shield-like carapace and
long caudal rami
Triops considered a
major pest in rice fields
Order Notostraca
Triops (tadpole shrimp)
http://www.museumonline.at/2000/bratislava/aqua/
AquaSlowakisch/TriopsSite/Triops.JPG
Class Branchiopoda
Order Diplostraca
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Clam shrimps and
cladocerans
Mostly freshwater
Scavengers, predators,
detritivores, and
suspension feeders
Well developed clam-like
carapace
All have a dorsal organ
that could function as:
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Salt gland
Neck Gland
Adhesion
Swim with their powerful
second antenna
http://homepage.univie.ac.at/erich.eder/UZK/bilder/et1.jpg
http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/animalcules/
D_pulex_09.jpg
Conchostraca
Clam shrimp
Cladocera
Daphnia (water flea)
Class Branchiopoda
Order Diplostraca
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Sexes
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Monosexual Parthenogenesis
Bisexual reproduction normal sexual reproduction
Eggs
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Summer - thin-shelled
Winter - resting
Normal conditions
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Type of reproduction
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Hermaphroditism
Gonochorism
Parthenogenesis in Cladocera
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Females make eggs that
hatch without fertilization and
become females (2N)
When environmentally
stressed
 Females produce eggs that
hatch into haploid males.
 Once the males become
mature, the Cladocerans
can reproduce sexually.
Cladoceran – reproductive
strategies
Population all females
http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/ani
malcules/D_pulex_09.jpg
Stable
conditions
Egg
Cladocera
Daphnia (water flea)
Produces
Female
identical to
adult
Cladoceran – reproductive
strategies
Population all females
http://www.gpmatthews.nildram.co.uk/ani
malcules/D_pulex_09.jpg
Egg
Cladocera
Daphnia (water flea)
Mates
with
female
Swims to
new area
Produces
Male
Unstable
conditions
Produces
new
Produces
females but
different
Female
genetically
from adult
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca
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Number of
segments
Appendages
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Head - 5
Thorax - 8*
swimming and
copulation
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Abdomen - 6*
Telson - 1
Antenna
(unique to this
Class and Remipedia)
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http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/
http://mainegovmages.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/
lobster_dorsal_view.jpg
lobster_dorsal_view.jpg
Head - sensory and
feeding
Thoracic - crawling
or grasping
Abdominal
* Usually
Telson
Pleopod
Mandible
Maxilliped
Class Malacostraca
Order Stomatopoda
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Mantis shrimps
Specialized predators
No cephalothorax
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Stalked compound eye
naupliar eye
Head, thorax and
abdomen
Two large stalked
compound eyes and
a third medial
naupliar eye
http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~acnnngh
m/BY255L/BY255LImages/Arthro
poda/Squillaempusa-1.jpg
Class Malacostraca
Order Stomatopoda
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Triramous antennae
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Specialized prehensile
raptorial claws
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Has abdominal gills like
isopods
Enormous digestive
cecum
Very well developed heart
and hemal system
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.e
du/arthropoda/crustacea/ma
lacostraca/eumalacostraca/s
tomatopodamm.html
Class Malacostraca
Order Euphausiacea
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Krill
All pelagic
Major source of
food for whales,
squids and fishes
Thoracic gills
external to
carapace
http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Eistour/krill-d.html
Feeding basket
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
Note than third segment is NOT on top of segments 2 and 4
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Shrimp-like
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IO Caridea (shrimp)
SO Dendrobranciata SF
Penaeoidae (prawns)
IO Stenopodidea
Lobster-like
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IO Astacidea (lobster)
IO Palinura (spiny and
slippery lobster)
IO Thalassinidea (ghost
shrimp)
Carid Shrimp
Palinura – note that the first three periopods are NOT chelate
Carid
Thalassinidea
Shrimp – Ghost shrimp Phyllosoma larve
Astacidea - First three periopods chelate
Penaeid Shrimp
http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/efh/gom-efh/pazte.gif
http://www.mov.vic.gov.au/crust/images/crusties/other1/z0000249.jpg
Stenopodidea
http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0726E/t0726e0o.gif
http://www.crustacea.net/crustace/images/caride-3.gif
Cleaner
shrimp
http://www.fa.gov.tw/eng/illustrated/images/a64a.gif
http://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/drivers/Phyllosoma.jpg
http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg
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Crab-like
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IO Brachyura (True
crabs)
IO Anomura
Brachyura
Note that the fifth pleopod is easily visible
Anomura – hermit crab
Anomuran Porcelain
crab zoea
http://www.blue-crab.net/zoea.gif
http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/kodiak/images/photo/crabak_herm.jpg
Anomura – note 5th pleopod is greatly reduced and not readily visible
http://www.njscuba.net/biology/sw_crabs.html
http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v59n1/a09f5.gif
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Feeding
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6 pair of feeding
appendages
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1 pr Mandibles
2 pr Maxillae
3 pr Maxillipeds
Most predators
and/or
scavengers, some
suspension
feeders, some
detritivores, some
herbivores, some
onmivores
http://www.uh.edu/engines/lobsteranatomy.jpg
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Internal anatomy
Up to 24 pair of gills
http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg
http://www.vims.edu/adv/ed/crab/guts20b.jpg
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Sense organs
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Legs
Antennae
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1st
Stalked compound eye
http://www.indigo.com/software/gphpcd/zoo73-76.html
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Chromatophores
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Shrimps especially
good at changing
color
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Chromat.gif
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Reproduction
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Most separate sexes (gonochoric)
Sperm transfer – indirect
(spermatophores)
Many have copulation
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Bachyurans may block fertilization for up
to a year following copulation
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Lobster
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Life cycle
Planktonic larvae of the spiny lobster
Phyllosoma larvae
http://mainegov-images.informe.org/dmr/rm/aquarium/teachers_guide/lobster_internal_anatomy.jpg
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
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Crab
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Life cycle
http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/crabs/stock_enhance/fig4.gif
Class Malacostraca
Order Mysida
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Mysid shrimps
Most 2-30 mm
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Gnathophausia - 35
cm
Omnivorous
suspension feeders
Well developed
carapace and tail fan
http://entomology.tfrec.wsu.edu/pearent/images/misc/Crustacea/mysid.gif
Class Malacostraca
Order Isopoda
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Isopods, pill bugs
~10,000 sp
0.5 – 50 cm
Virtually all
habitats
Flattened dorsoventrally
bioephemera.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/380353_028542ead3.jpg
Class Malacostraca
Order Amphipoda
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Amphipods
~8000 sp.
1mm-25 cm
In almost every
habitat
Flattened
laterally
Carapace absent
Gills thoracic
Lives in a Salp
Gammarid Amphipods
CaprellidHyperiidea
amphipod
amphipod