Transcript Statistics - Personal Pages

Statistics In Research
Introducing Critical Issues
in Statistics
SCIENTIFIC PROCESS
Theory
Draw
Conclusions
Analyze
the data
Hypothesis
Apply
Method
Illusionary Correlation
• A belief that two things systematically cooccur when they, in fact, do not
Data Reduction/Summary
• Descriptive Statistics
Calculations that summarize and simplify the data
– Central Tendency
– Variability
Central Tendency
A single score that defines the center of the
scores
– Mean (M)
– Median
– Mode
Measures of Dispersion/Variability
• Range
Mean Scores
Largest Number – Smallest Number
• Standard Deviation (SD)
Average deviation from the mean
4
1
4
6
4
5
Confirm What Data Reveals
• Inferential Statistics
Mathematical techniques used to compute the probability of
finding these results by chance (based on a ratio)
Inferential Statistics
A
B
Test Statistic = DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS
DIFFERENCE WITHIN GROUPS
The Significance of Being Statistically
Significant
Statistical Significance vs. Practical Significance
There was a statistically significant difference in happiness
between participants who listened to happy music (M = 3.62, SD =
0.47) and participants who listened to sad music (M = 3.09, SD =
0.32), t(28) = 5.13, p < .001.