Transcript RISK ASSESSEMENT - Protectia Muncii

MINISTRY OF LABOUR, FAMILY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON LABOUR
PROTECTION “ALEXANDRU DARABONT”
RISK ASSESSMENT
FIRST STEP IN PREVENTION OF WORK-RELATED
ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES
Dr. ing. ŞTEFAN PECE
INCDPM
WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT?
• Is the activity of identifying all risk factors existing at
workplaces and quantification of their dimension
• Answer the question: what risks are at workplace and how big
they are?
• It is a systematic examination of all risks related to all aspects
of work:
• Productions means and materials
• Work environment
• Worker
• Work task
• Results: - what risks exist at the assessed workplace
- what risks can be eliminated
- What preventive or protective measures should be
in place to control the risks which cannot be eliminated
WHAT IS RISK
• Daniel Bernoulli
“RISK IS MATHEMATICAL EXPECTATION OF
PROBABILITY FUNCTION OF AN EVENT "
= average value of event consequences multiplied by their probability
Source: „Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis“, 1738
WHAT IS RISK?
 STANDARD CEI 812/1985
the probability of occurrence of a lesion or
damage to health with a severity and frequency of the
possible consequences for the human body
- Define risk:
 STANDARD EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (fost EN 292-1)
- Define parameters of risk quantification: severity and frequency of the
maximal possible consequences for the human body
 STANDARD EN ISO 14121-1:2007 (fost EN 1050)
- Establish the principle of risk assessment: identification
of all risk
factors within the system under examination and the
quantification of their dimension, based on the
combination between severity and the probability of
the maximal foreseeable consequence for the human
body
- Present in brief six methods rof risk assessment (HAZOP, MOSAR, AMDEC,
DELPHI, WHAT IF, APR)
WHAT IS RISK
• Real risk – the risk transformed in accident or work
related disease
(from statistics)
• Potential risk – the risk that might produce an
accident or a work related disease (from risk assessment)
• Residual risk – the risk that remain after taking
all the known measures
WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT?
WORK-RELATED MORBIDITY IN EUROPE
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205 million employees in Europe
7 million work-related accidents and diseases per year
159,000 fatalities attributed to work-related diseases
7,460 fatalities caused by accidents at work
Every 3.5 minutes, somebody in the Europe dies from
work-related causes
• Every 4.5 seconds, a worker in the Europe is involved
in an accident that forces him/her to stay at home for
at least three working days
► (source: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work)
WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT?
WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND DISESASES IMPLIES DIRECT
AND INDIRECT COSTS
 Human cost for workers and their families (real
people behind each statistic)
 Business costs for organizations/companies
(sick leave, insurance costs, productivity,
turnover, motivation, competitiveness etc.)
 Cost for society (increasing burden on
healthcare systems)
WHY IS NECESSARY RISK ASSESSMENT?
COMPANIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES ARE LIMITED
•
To set priorities in assigning resources for preventions and protection
measures (based on risk hierarchy)
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The risk assessment card and the proposed measures card resulted
from risk assessment – suport for training at workplace
•
To compare different work systems as with regard to occupational
accidents and diseases hazards, with application for giving stimulants
and applying sanctions
•
Allow computer-aided management of risks at workplace if there are
constituted databases with the assessments' results.
LEGAL BASE OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• ON EUROPEAN LEVEL:
 The EU Framework Directive 391/1989
(Art. 6, alin.2, pct.b)
- Sets out basic provisions that must be followed by every
employer regarding the assessment of all workplaces in the
organizations
•
ON NATIONAL LEVEL:

LEGEA 319/2006
 Art. 6, alin.2, pct.b
- Sets out basic provisions that must be followed by every
employer regarding the assessment of all workplaces in the
organizations
 Art 12, alin.1, pct.a
- Risk assessment at workplaces – first attribution for the
personnel of the internal services of prevention and
protection
THE PRINCIPLE OF RISK ASSESSEMENT
Identification of all risk factors within
the work system under examination
and the quantification of their
dimension, based upon the
combination between severity and
frequency of the maximal possible
consequences for the human body.
METODS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• 4 categories (based on theoretical model of work
related accidents genesis)
► Methods of ”Controls and check-up” kind
(check-list at company level, section level, work place level, installation level)
► Methods based on Heinrich model
(check-list for dangerous conditions and behaviors)
► Metods based on fiability systems theory
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Analysis of mode of disturbance and their effect (AMDE)
Analysis of disturbance tree (ADD)
Preliminary analysis of risks (APR)
HAZOP method (Hazard operability)
MOSAR method
► Metods based on systems ergonomy
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DSF method (Diagnosis safety form)
DCT method (Diagnostique des conditions du travail)
SDQ method (Safety diagnosis Questionare)
MORT method (Management Oversight and risk tree)
RENAULT method
INCDPM Bucharest Romania method
NECESSARY STEPS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
1. IDENTIFICATION OF ALL RISK FACTORS (HAZARDS)
-
DEFINITION OF SYSTEM (WORKPLACE) TO BE EXAMINED
APPOINTMENT OF THE TEAM OF ASSESSORS
FIELD ANALYSIS ŞI IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS
(working instrument: risk factors identification list)
2. RISK ASSESSEMENT
- ESTABLISHING MAXIMAL POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE HUMAN
BODY (working instrument: list of the possible consequences of the action of risk
factors for the human body)
- ESTABLISHING SEVERITY CLASS (working instrument: grid of the severity of
consequences)
- ESTABLISHING FREQUENCY CLASS (working instrument: grid of the frequency
of consequences)
- ESTABLISHING PARTIAL RISK LEVEL (risc level grid)
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CALCULATION OF THE GLOBAL RISK LEVEL FOR THE WORKPLACE
NECESSARY STEPS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
3. HIERARCHY OF ASSESSED RISKS AND
ESTABLISHING PREVENTION AND PROTECTION
MEASURES
(Form: Proposed prevention measures card)
4. MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION
(Decisions taken by the Safety and Health at Work Comity for
elaboration of the protection and prevention plan)
5. MONITORING THE MEASURES
IMPLEMENTENTATION AND REVIEW (internal control)
WHAT RESULTS FROM RISK ASSESSMENT
•WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT CARD - EXAMPLE
ENTERPRISE:..........
DEPARTMENT: .....
NUMBER OF EXPOSED PERSONS:
EXPOSURE PERIOD: ..............
WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT
CARD
WORKPLACE:
ASSESSMENT TEAM .................
WORK SYSTEM
COMPONENT
IDENTIFIED
RISK
FACTORS
ACTUAL FORM OF OCCURRENCE
OF THE RISK FACTORS
(description, parameters)
MAXIMAL
FORESEEA
BLE
CONSEQUE
NCE
SEVER
ITY
CLASS
PROBA
BILITY
CLASS
RISK
LEVEL
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
WHAT RESULTS FROM RISK ASSESSMENT
•PROPOSED MEASURES CARD - EXAMPLE
No.
WORKPLACE/
RISK FACTOR
RISK
LEVEL
In
hierarchi
cal order
PROPOSED MEASURE
Measure
nomination
Competence/
responsabilities
Terms
COMMON ERRORS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
• STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS AND THOSE AT RISK
 Not considering all the component of the work system
analyzed (materials and equipment, work environment, work
task, worker)
 Incomplete assessment team (assessor, worker, doctor)
 Lack of statistics and medical record
• STEP 2: RISK ASSESSMENT
 Establishing the wrong consequence (not having a doctor in
the team)
 Lack of accidents and work related diseases statistics and
therefore, wrong frequency class
 Not differencing in assessment of “state” and “variations”
COMMON ERRORS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
• STEP 3: PRIORITISE RISKS AND ESTABLISHING PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
 Not taking into account the generic hierarchy classification
order of prevention measures
• Risk removal measures (Intrinsic prevention)
• Risk isolation measures (Collective protection)
• Human isolation measures (Personal protection)
• STEP 4: IMPLEMENTING MEASURES
 Not having a action plan – prevention and protection – which
contains the hierarchy classification order of prevention
measures in descrescend order of risk level, responsibility and
costs.
• STEP 5: MONITOR THE MEASURES IMPLEMENTATION AND
REVIEW
 Not monitoring the measures taken to ensure that their
effectiveness is maintained
 Not informing managers, workers and/or their representatives
of the results of the RA and of the measures introduced.
 Not reviewing it regularly to ensure that it remains up-to-date
THE SITUATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE
• FRANCE:
76% from enterprises with over 20 employs have effectuated
risk assessment
• OLANDA:
42% small enterprises (1 to 4 employs)
53% small enterprises (5 până la 9 employs)
81% medium enterprises (10 până la 99 employs)
97% large enterprises (over 100 employs)
• ITALY:
88,5% small enterprises (1 până la 50 employs)
93,4% medium and large enterprises (over 50 employs)
• ESPANA:
• GERMANY:
61% from enterprises
30% small enterprises (1 până la 9 employs)
54% small enterprises (10 până la 49 employs)
80% medium enterprises (50 până la 249 employs)
97% large enterprises (peste 250 employs)
• LETONIA:
22% from the totality of enterprises
• ENGLAND:
82% from the totality of enterprises
• DANEMARCA: 75% from the totality of enterprises
(source European Agency for Safety and Health at Work)
THE SITUATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN ROMANIA
• 50% from large enterprises
• 15% SME
• INCDPM:
 Has developed a risk assessment method based on
principles from standard EN 1050/1996
 In the last ten years has realized risk assessment for
6 000 workplaces from over 300 enterprises
 Organize postgraduate risk assessment curses in
association with universities
 Over 2 500 persons with higher technical education have
graduated postgraduate risk assessment curses