Transcript Shape File - HCC Learning Web

Key Terms
• Attribute join
• Target table
• Join table
• Spatial join
Lect 10A Building Geodatabase
• Create a new file geodatabase
• Map x,y data
• Convert shape files to geodatabase feature classes
Spatial Data Formats
• Coverage
• Shape file
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Geodatabase: personal, file, enterprise (SDE)
Shape File
• Multiple files, all with the same name but different file extensions
• No intermediate data products, but has indices to speed data
processing
• Widely used to share spatial data files
Geodatabase
• A geodatabase is a container used to hold a collection of datasets
(GIS features, tables, raster images, and other objects)
Geodatabase
• Storage model based on a series of simple yet essential relational
database concepts and leverages the strengths of the underlying
database management system (DBMS).
• Simple tables and well-defined attribute types are used to store
the schema, rule, base, and spatial attribute data for each
geographic dataset.
• Provides a formal model for storing and working with your data.
Through this approach, structured query language (SQL)—a
series of relational functions and operators—can be used to
create, modify, and query tables and their data elements.
Geodatabase
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A feature class is stored as a table, often referred to as the base or business table.
Each row in the table represents one feature.
The shape column stores the polygon geometry for each feature.
The contents of this table, including the shape when stored as a SQL spatial type,
can be accessed through SQL.
Enterprise Geodatabase
• Practically unlimited size and multiple simultaneous users
• Use enterprise data management systems
• Store spatial datasets in a number of DBMSs: IBM DB2, Microsoft
SQL Server, Oracle, or Postgres
Personal Geodatabase
• Parallels enterprise geodatabase but on PC
• Stores datasets in a Microsoft Access .mdb file
• Limited to 2GB
• Much overhead in space and extra structure
• Tempting to apply one’s own Access skills, but needs ArcGIS
Catalog utility for manipulation
File Geodatabase
• Esri’s replacement for shapefiles
• Vector and raster map layers
• Other objects (tables)
• Stores one or more datasets in a folder of files with .gdb extension
• Can be up to 1 TB in size
• Can be used across platforms
• Can be compressed and encrypted for read-only, secure use
X, Y Data
• Point data table with X and Y attributes
• Increasingly popular to include X and Y with data
• Commonly used for GPS data
Lecture 10B
• Create and manage address locator
• Match addresses
Geocoding
Lecture 10B
Geocoding
• Definition: the process of creating map features from addresses
• Three components:
• Data table (addresses)
• Reference data
• Address locator
Create Address Locator
• ArcCatalog
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Choose Address Locator Style
• Skeleton of the address locator
• Based on data tables and reference layer
Address Locator Styles
Styles
Reference dataset Reference dataset Address search
geometry
representation
parameters
Address range for All address
both sides of street elements in a
segment
single field
US Address—
Dual Ranges
Lines
US Address—
Single House
Each feature
Points or polygons represents an
address
All address
elements in a
single field
Example
Applications
320 Madison St.
Finding a house on
N2W1700 County
a specific side of
Rd.
the street
105-30 Union St.
71 Cherry Ln.
Finding parcels,
W1700 Rock Rd. buildings, or
38-76 Carson Rd. address points
Choose Reference Layer
• Streets, ZIP Codes
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ArcGIS Locator Parameters
Geocode in ArcMap
• Add tabular data and streets layer
• Add address locator
• Geocode addresses
• View geocoding results
• Interactively rematch addresses
Address Rematching
• Investigate
unmatched
addresses.
• Generally requires expertise
and knowledge of local streets
• Compare a street name in the
attributes of the streets table
and the address table.