Transcript highway map of virginia

Pavement Management in
Developing Countries
Christopher R. Bennett
Senior Transport Specialist
East Asia Transport Unit
[email protected]
Presentation Outline
• The World Bank’s interest in PMS
• Case Studies and Examples of PMS Projects
– Data collection
– System features
– Applying the system
2
Why is the World Bank
interested in PMS?
Transport and Development
• Transport sector is vital for economic & social
development
• Roads constitute largest component of transport
• Roads require a balance of:
– Maintenance (or preservation)
– Development (or improvement)
4
World Bank’s Activities
• Since 1970’s the Bank has been working towards
sufficient financing for road maintenance
– Institutional strengthening
– Financing of maintenance
• Produced the ‘Highway Development and
Management Model’ (HDM)
• Conducted many projects to implement PMS in
different countries
• Operate on wide range of roads
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Expressway - China
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Local Road - China
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Provincial Road - Cambodia
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Bridges
Laos - Rural Road
Cambodia: Main Highway
Thailand-Siem Reap
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Traffic Loading - Pakistan
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Traffic Loading - Laos
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Case Studies
Data Collection
Data Collection
• Data are the foundation of any PMS
• First step of any PMS project is to define the
network ‘structure’ and location referencing
method
• Need to define data items and attributes:
–
–
–
–
Network structure
Inventory (pavement and structures)
Condition (pavement and structures)
Traffic volumes
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Data Collection
• Most expensive component of any
implementation (+70% of total costs)
• Data collection must be appropriate and
sustainable
• Only collect:
– The essential data
– At the minimum level of detail
– With the most appropriate technology given the
agency’s constraints and capabilities
• Agency must have explicit data collection
policies and procedures
• There must be strict data QA procedures
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Data Detail Very Important
HIGH LEVEL DATA
Network
Level Data
IQL-5
IQL-4
IQL-3
System Performance
Performance
Monitoring
Calibration
Data
Planning and
Structure
Condition
Performance Evaluation
Programme Analysis or
Ride
Distress Friction
Detailed Planning
Project Level or
Detailed Programme
IQL-2
IQL-1
Project Detail or
Research
LOW LEVEL DATA
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Location Referencing
Node – Link
Method
Typically
Used
300 metres
Roads
Links (10-60km)
Segments (1-5km)
Attribute Data (varies)
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Network Survey Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No pre-defined network
No previous data on inventory or condition
Missing links / broken bridges
Mines and unexploded ordinance (UXOs)
within the right way
Equipment breakdowns and difficulties getting
spares
Wildlife
Banditry
Weather
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Passable Roads - Cambodia
All roads where 4-WD vehicle can pass some way or other
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Impassible Roads - Cambodia
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Cambodia Survey
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Laos - Pilot Vehicle and Guards
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Laos Survey
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Cambodia Survey Equipment
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Cambodia ROMDAS System
Data Collected
• Location
Referencing
• Roughness
• GPS
• Traffic & Speed
• Inventory
• Condition
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Cambodia Survey – Impassible Roads
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Motorcycle Survey Equipment
Video Camera on
the Handle
GPS Equipment in
Backpack
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Comparative Costs
• Cambodia: $600,000 for 11,000 km ($55/km)
– Included procurement of equipment, vehicles, surveys
• Laos: $225,000 for 8,000 km ($28/km)
– Surveys and map preparation
• New Zealand: $10-$15/km
– Surveys only
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Data Processing
• Surveys result in a large amount of data
• Unless processing is done during survey
significant delays
– Contracts require data submission within 30 days of
survey
• Quality assurance is challenging but essential
– Philippines: some data returned 4 times to contractor
for correction
• ALL projects have underestimated difficulties in
data processing
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Examples of GPS Data Processing
Topological
Corrections
Correcting for
incomplete
survey
Harmonizing
different survey
data
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GPS Data Projection - NZ
Aerial/Satellite
photos and
ground survey
data can have
different
projections
Wrong
Projections
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Correct
Projections
GPS Data Projection - Samoa
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Final Network - Samoa
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Case Studies
Setting Up the System
Two Approaches
• Business Process Analysis
– Determine the function and
role of the PMS in the
agency, required features
• System Design
– Design the system around
the institution’s capabilities
• Select and Adapt/Customize
Existing Software
• Simple analyses
• Implement and provide
ongoing support
• Select software before project
starts or write new software
• Fit the agency’s activities into
the software
• Adopt too intensive data
collection
• Complex system and analyses
Correct Approach
Wrong (but typical) Approach
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The Key to Success
Processes
People
Funding
Funding
Technology
Funding
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Key RMS Components
Basic RMS
Advanced RMS
• Asset inventory
• Predictive modeling
• Asset accounting
• Risk assessment
• Maintenance management
• Treatment options and costs
• Contract management
• Lifecycle costing
• Resource management
• Works planning
• Inventory control
• Optimized decision-making
• Condition monitoring
• Interface data import/export
What most countries need
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What most countries get
Tonga (1999)
TPMS Database
ROMDAS-RMS
LRP Data
Video and Condition Analysis
Data Processing
ROMDAS
Road Maintenance Data
Acquisition System
(Condition Data Collection)
Pavement
Condition
RMS Integrated Data File
Traffic
MapInfo
HDM-4
Constants
MapInfo Section Table
(dBASE)
Database Query
Spatial Mapping
HDM-4 Road Network
(dBASE)
Strategic Analysis
Forward Programming
Export Routines
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HDM-4
Tonga - System Features
• Public Works Department had limited capacity
• Tonga IT industry very limited
• Adopted simple system
–
–
–
–
Access database
Generates output file of condition by road link
File imported to HDM-4
Results mapped using MapInfo
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Laos (2001)
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Laos - System Features
• Ministry of Public Works had some capacity
• Some local IT industry
• Adopted simple system
–
–
–
–
Access database
Generates output file of condition by road link
File imported to HDM-4
Results mapped using MapInfo
• Consultant required to annually return to run
system
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Samoa (2001)
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Samoa - System Features
• Public Works Department had limited capacity
• Consultant set up initial system and conducted
data collection
• Adopted moderately advanced system
– HIMS for data storage and processing
• Roads, bridges and seawalls
– Bridges and seawall prioritization done using HIMS
– Road prioritization done using dTIMS
– Results mapped using MapInfo and HIMS embedded
GIS
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Cambodia (2003)
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Cambodia - System Features
• Public Works Department had some capacity
• Consultant set up initial system and conducted
data collection
• Adopted moderately advanced system
– HIMS for data storage and processing
– Road prioritization done using HDM-4
– Results mapped using ArcView and HIMS embedded
GIS
Demo
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Gujarat (2005)
PMS
Accident Data
EIS
AIS
Data
Manipulation
Traffic and
Axle Load
Surveys
TIS
HDM-4
Location
Referencing
and Inventory
Survey
Analysis of
Results
RIS
Annual/
Roughness
and Condition
Survey
Specialised
Road Surveys
Bridge
Condition
Survey
Feasibility
Study
RMMS
Routine
Maint.
Improvement
Treatment by
Road System
Strengthening
Period
Maint.
Routine
Maintenance Per
Section
Additional Data
Collection and
Detailed Design
As Necessary
Specific Treatment
per Section
BMS
MES
Bridge
Maintenance
Requirement
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Gujarat – System Features
• Roads and Bridges Department has some IT
capacity
• Good local IT capacity
• Advanced system
– SQL Server
– Modules for all aspects of road management including
environment
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New Zealand (NOT a developing
country!)
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New Zealand – System Features
• Basic database and maintenance prioritization
system established from early 1990s
• Implemented advance predictive modelling 1998
onwards
• Same systems used throughout the country by all
authorities
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New Zealand - Web-Mapping
Demo
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Case Studies
Applying the System
Features
• Most PMS have common features
– Reporting
– Analysis modules
• Advanced features allow for prediction of forward
works programmes and optimization under
budget constraints
– Useful for ‘what if’ scenario testing
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Deterioration Prediction
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Comparison of Options
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Impact of Budget Constraint
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Comparing Options for Road
Section
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Construction Programme
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Works Program Cost
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Predicted Future Condition
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Treatment Costs
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Condition Distribution by Budget
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Backlog Length by Budget
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The end