Transcript Introduction to MIS - Penn State University

Introduction to MIS
Chapter 3 Review
Solving Business Problems
Copyright © 1998 by Jerry Post
Introduction to MIS
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Encapsulation
Object Hierarchies
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Object-Oriented Design
Account
Object name:
Object attributes/properties:
Object functions/methods:
Number
Beginning Balance
Name
Ending Balance
Client
Current Balance
Manager
Interest Rate
Date Opened
Open Acct
Close Acct
Accept Deposits
Withdrawal
Pay Interest
Savings
Interest Rate
Monthly Fees
Checking
Lowest Balance in Month
Bad Check Charges
Authorized Signature
Pay Interest
Compute Charges
Print Quarterly Statement
Budget Saver
Print Monthly Statement
Send Bad Check Notice
Pay Interest
Money Market
Volume
Senior Citizen
CD
Fixed Fee
Student
Introduction to MIS
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Rolling Thunder Order Entry Process
BikeSizes
Order Entry
Clerk
Retail Store
Customer
Introduction to MIS
Bicycle
Select
BikeTubes
BikeParts
Pricing
Components
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Rolling Thunder Manufacturing Process
Frame
Assembler Painter
BikeTubes
QOH
TubeMaterial
Bicycle
Customer
BikeParts
Customer
Transaction
Introduction to MIS
QOH
Components
Installer
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Rolling Thunder Purchasing Process
Purchase
Purchase
Order
Order
Purchase
QOH
Items
Components
Manufacturer
Transaction
Manufacturer
Introduction to MIS
Receive
Employee
Dock employee
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Some Classes for Rolling Thunder
Customer
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CustomerID
Phone
FirstName
LastName
Address
ZIPCode
CityID
BalanceDue
Customer
Bicycle
BikeTubes
Customer
1 *
SerialNumber
SerialNumber
*
CustomerID
TubeName
1
ModelType
TubeID
PaintID
Length
FrameSize
1
BikeParts
OrderDate
StartDate
SerialNumber *
*
ShipDate
* ComponentID
ShipEmployee
SubstituteID
FrameAssembler
Location
Painter
Quantity
Construction
…
WaterBottle…
Manufacturer
CustomName
ManufacturerID
LetterStyleID
ManufacturerName 1
StoreID
ContactName
EmployeeID
Phone
…
…
Introduction to MIS
Components
ComponentID
ManufacturerID
ProductNumber
Road
Category
Length
Height
Width
Weight
Description
ListPrice
EstimatedCost
QuantityOnHand
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A Systems Approach to Process Analysis
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Systems
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Input, Process, Output
Divide and Conquer
Goals and Objectives
Control and Feedback
Diagramming Systems
Common Systems Problems
Introduction to MIS
Basic Systems
Input
Process
Output
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System boundary: The Zoo
Requests
& Comments
Members
Donors
Visitors
Money
Suppliers
Animal Feed
Invoices
The
Zoo
Education
Visitor Counts
Educational
Materials
Introduction to MIS
Health Data
Baby
Animals
Registration
Papers
Other Zoos
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Subsystems: The Zoo
Donor &
Public
Relations
Animal
Care
Manage
Human
Resources
Produce
Management
Reports
Introduction to MIS
Manage
Facilities
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Goals and Feedback
Input
Process
Output
Control
Goal
Feedback
Analyze
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Data Flow Diagram Objects
External Entity
Process
Data Store (file)
Data Flow
Feedback and Control Data
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public/
zoo visitors
donors
PR data
receipts
etc.
receipts
The Zoo: Level 0
zoo booster
members
money &
requests
1
donor and
public relations
other zoos
& breeders
public requests
needs & budgets
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animal
care
animal requests
health research
2
produce
mgt. reports
emp. reports
hours,
benefits,
etc.
employees
Management
reports
management
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manage
human
resources
specialist
request
maintenance
schedule
employee
schedule
pay data, requests
certification
agencies
maint. &
building
request
Usage
reports
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manage
facilities
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public/
zoo visitors
receipts
The Zoo: Level 1
money &
comments
1.1
produce PR
& outreach
programs
PR data
receipts
etc.
donors
money &
requests
1.2
handle
donor
requests
zoo booster
newsletter members
notices, etc.
money &
suggestions
1.3
org. booster
services &
meetings
donor
booster
needs &
requests
money, data,
donor
requests
plans
visitor statistics lists
public requests
1.4
needs &
track needs
plans
1.5
and donor
produce
programs
needs & budgets
accounting expenses & budget
animal
& reports
public requests
accounting
needs
reports
adopt an animal
files
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System Problems
warranty registration
Manufacturer
purchase orders
Invoices
A process cannot
invent data. It
must have a data
flow coming in to
it.
orders
Sell Products
weekly report
Customer
Do not include
data flows
between external
entities. Drop
the line or make
one of the
entities internal.
sales receipt
Store reports
Save Reports
A process
cannot be a
black hole--data
must flow out of
the process.
Maybe it should
be a file instead.
Modify Reports
daily sales
Introduction to MIS
Inventory list
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Common Systems Problems
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Defective subsystems
Wrong Data
Errors in Data
Missing feedback and
control
Not responding to
environment
Introduction to MIS
Receive
Orders
Check
Customer
Credit
Check
Orders
for Errors
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Solving Problems
Solve the right problem
Choose the right tools
Divide the system
Make decisions
Consider consequences
Cause
Feasibility
Input
Process
Output
Customer response
Employee response
Test the system
Plan implementation
Introduction to MIS
Detail
Organization
Schedule
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Evaluating Projects
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Does the project fit with business goals and management style?
Does the project improve the competitive position of the firm?
How long will any competitive advantage last?
What value or reward is created by the system?
What level of technology is needed to create the system?
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experimental
leading edge
established
old-hat
What is the probability of technical success?
What is the probability of commercial success?
What are the costs involved in creating the system?
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Monetary
Time
Additional capital, marketing and management
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Good Business Analysis
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Identify the root causes of problems.
Solid grasp of strategic components.
Identify the critical success factors.
Evaluate the financial implications.
Thorough discussion of implementation.
Realistic analysis of expected results.
Effect on future growth and continued development.
Effect on human resources.
Understanding of target markets.
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