Transcript Statistic Descriptive

Statistic Descriptive
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Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
1
Lecturer
 Ir. Muhril Ardiansyah, M.Sc., Ph.D
Email: [email protected]
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Text
 Lind, Marchal, Wathen. 2008.
Statistical Techniques in Business and
Economics with Global Data Sets. Mc
Graw Hill International Edition.
 Note: Student must bring the
textbook to the class, since we
discuss case and examples from the
textbook.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
3
Blog
http://statisticdescriptive.wordpress/
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Grading
The grading will be used based on the
following components:
 Participation
: 10 %
 Homework / Quiz
: 20 %
 Mid term exam
: 30 %
 Final exam
: 40 %
TOTAL
: 100 %
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Rules In Class
 Turn Off HP.
 Late more than 15 minutes cannot
attend the class.
07:45 am is the latest time to enter
the class.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Materials
 Ch 1. What is
statistics?
 Ch 2. Describing
data: frequency
tables, frequency
distributions, and
graphic
presentation.
 Ch 3. Describing
data: numerical
measures.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
 Ch 4. Describing
data: displaying
and exploring data.
 Ch 5. A survey of
probability
concepts.
 Ch 6. Discrete
probability
distributions.
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Materials (continued)
 Ch 7. Continuous
probability
distributions.
 Ch 8. Sampling
methods and the
central limit
theorem.
 Ch 9. Estimation
and confidence
intervals.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
 Ch 10. One
sample tests of
hypothesis.
 Ch 13. Linear
regression and
correlation.
 Ch 16. Time series
and forecasting.
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Chapter 1.
What Is Statistics?
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Why Study Statistics?
 Numerical information is everywhere.
 Statistical techniques are used to
make decisions that affect our daily
lives.
 Knowledge of statistical methods will
help you understand how decisions are
made and give you a better
understanding of how they affect you.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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What Is Meant By Statistics?
 Statistics:
The science of collecting, organizing,
presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting data to assist in making
more effective decisions.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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What Is Meant By Statistics?
 Chart 1-1 Page 5.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Frito Lay Volume and Share of
Major Snack Chip Categories in US
Supermarkets
Potato Chips 64%
Tortilla Chips 75%
Rest
Rest
Pretzels 26%
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Types Of Statistics
1. Descriptive statistics.
2. Inferential statistics.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Types Of Statistics (continued)
Descriptive statistics:
Methods of organizing, summarizing,
and presenting data in an informative
way.
Example:
- The population of the United States
was 179 323 000 in 1960
203 302 000 in 1970
226 542 000 in 1980
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Types Of Statistics (continued)
Inferential statistics (statistical
inference):
The methods used to estimate a
property of a population on the basis of
a sample.
Population:
The entire set of individuals or objects
of interest or the measurements
obtained from all individuals or objects of interest.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Types Of Statistics (continued)
Sample:
A portion, or part, of the population of
interest.
Reasons for sampling?
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Types Of Statistics (continued)
Population:
all items.
Sample:
items selected from the population.
Chapter 1. What Is
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Types Of Variables
1. Quantitative.
2. Qualitative.
Qualitative variable (attribute):
Characteristic being studied is non
numeric.
Such as: gender,
Religious,
State of birth,
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Types Of Variables (continued)
Quantitative variable:
Characteristic being studied is numeric.
 Quantitative variables:
1. Discrete.
2. Continuous.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Types Of Variables (continued)
Discrete variables:
Assume only certain values, and there are
“gaps” between the values.
Example: number of bedrooms in a house.
Continuous variables:
Assume any value within a specific
range.
Example: weight.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Types Of Variables (continued)
Chart 1-2 Page 9
Types Of Variables
Qualitative
Quantitative
Discrete
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
Continuous
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Levels Of Measurement
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nominal level data.
Ordinal level data.
Interval level data.
Ratio level data.
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Levels Of Measurement (continued)
Nominal level data:
 Data categories are represented by
labels or names.
 Even when the labels are numerically
code, the data categories have no
logical order.
Table 1-1 Page 10
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
Ir.Muhril Ardiansyah,M.Sc.,Ph.D.
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Table 1-1 Source Of World Oil
Supply For 2004
Source
Percent
OPEC
Millions Of
Barrels Per
Day
32.91
OEDC
22.76
27.4
Former USSR
11.33
13.7
China
3.62
4.4
Other
12.35
14.9
Chapter 1. What Is
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Levels Of Measurement (continued)
Ordinal level data:
 Data classifications are represented by
sets of labels or names (high, medium,
low) that have relative values.
 Because of the relative values, the data
classified can be ranked or ordered.
Table 1-2 Page 11
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Table 1-2 Rating Of A Finance
Professor
Rating
Frequency
Superior
6
Good
28
Average
25
Poor
12
Inferior
3
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Levels Of Measurement (continued)
Interval level data:
 Ordinal level.
 The difference between values is a
constant size.
 Data classification are ordered.
 Equal differences in the characteristics are
presented by equal differences in the
measurements.
Table Page 12
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Statistics?
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Table Page 12
Size
Bust (In)
Waist (In)
Hips (In)
8
32
24
35
10
34
26
37
12
36
28
39
14
38
30
41
16
40
32
43
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Levels Of Measurement (continued)
Ratio level data:
 Has all the characteristics of the interval level.
 The 0 point is meaningful.
 The ratio between two numbers is meaningful.
Such as: money,
weight,
Table 1-3 Page 13
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Table 1-3 Father-Son Income
Combination
Name
Father
Son
Lahey
$ 80 000
40 000
Nale
90 000
30 000
Rho
60 000
120 000
Steele
75 000
130 000
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Ethics And Statistics
 Practice statistics with integrity and
honesty.
 Urges us to do the right thing when
collecting, organizing, summarizing,
analyzing, and interpreting numerical
information.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Homework
 No. 9 Page 16.
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Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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Quiz
For the following questions, would you collect information using
a sample or a population? Why?
1.a. Statistics 201 is a course taught at university. Prof.
Verage has taught nearly 1500 students in the course over
the past 5 years. You would like to know the average
grade for the course.
1.b. As part of a research project, you need to report the
average profitability of the number one corporation in the
Fortune 500 for the past 10 years.
1.c. You are looking forward to graduation and your first job as
a salesperson for one of five large pharmaceutical corporations.
Planning for your interviews, you will need to know about each
company’s mission, profitability, products, and markets.
Chapter 1. What Is
Statistics?
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