Transcript Slide 1
Dose-response Explorer:
An Open-source-code Matlab-based tool for
modeling treatment outcome as a function of
predictive factors
Gita Suneja
Issam El Naqa, Patricia Lindsay,
Andrew Hope, James Alaly, Jeffrey Bradley,
Joseph O. Deasy
Supported by NIH grant R01 CA 85181
What is DREX?
An open-source-code Matlab-based tool for:
1) Modeling tumor control probability (TCP) and
normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)
2) Evaluating robustness of models
3) Graphing the results for purposes of outcomes
analysis for practitioners, training for residents,
and hypothesis-testing for further research
Motivation & Objectives
• Motivation
– Cornerstone of treatment planning is the need to
balance tumor control probability (TCP) with
normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)
• Objective
– Physicians and scientists need a tool that is
straightforward and flexible in the study of
treatment parameters and clinical factors
Features
1.
2.
3.
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6.
Analytical modeling of normal tissue complication
probability (NTCP) and tumor control probability (TCP)
Combination of multiple dose-volume variables and
clinical variables using multi-term logistic regression
modeling
Manual selection or automated estimation of model
parameters
Estimation of uncertainty in model parameters
Performance assessment of univariate and multivariate
analysis
Capacity to graphically visualize NTCP or TCP
prediction vs. selected model variable(s)
Basic Modules
Data Input
1
2
Analytical
Poisson or
Linear
quadratic
TCP
Model
type?
4
Radiobiologic
al
model?
3
Multi-metric
Logistic regression
Univariate/multivariate
performance assessment
Graphical representation
5
Export output
NTCP
Model
type?
Analytical
Lyman-KutcherBurman (LKB) or
Critical volume
Modeling Method I: Analytical
• NTCP
– Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) Model (Lyman 1985, Kutcher and
Burman 1989)
NTCP (
EUD D50
)
mD50
– Critical Volume Model (Niemierko and Goitein 1993)
NTCP (
• TCP
ln( ln d ) ln( ln cr )
)
– Poisson Statistics
– Linear-quadratic (LQ) Prediction
TCP=exp(-Nexp(-(( + *d)*D+ln2*t/Tpot ))
Modeling Method II: Multimetric
•
•
Logistic regression – additive sigmoid model
e g ( xi )
Y ( xi )
, i 1,..., n
g ( xi )
1 e
Two types of data exploration
1. Manual
2. Automated
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Determining Model Order by Leave-one-out-CrossValidation (Ref.: “Multi-Variable Modeling of
Radiotherapy Outcomes: Determining Optimal Model
Size,” Deasy et al., poster SU-FF-T-376 )
Model parameters estimated by forward selection on
multiple bootstrap samples
Performance Assessment
• Spearman’s Rank Correlation
• Area under the Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve
• Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier
estimator
Univariate Graphical Representations
Graph/Plot
Description/Function
Selfcorrelation
Color-washed Spearman’s cross-correlation
image of selected variables and observed
outcome
Scatter
•User selects abscissa and ordinate variables
•Provides user with visual cues about the
discrimination ability of certain factors
Survival
curves
Use Kaplan-Meier estimates
Multivariate Graphical Representations
Graph/Plot
Description/Function
Histogram
Cumulative plot of observed response (bar graph) and
model-predicted response (line graph)
Contour
Demonstrates the effect of the model variables on
shaping the predicted outcome
Octile
•Patients are uniformly binned into 8 groups
•Helps visualized goodness of fit of model
ROC
Assess prediction power of model
Conclusions
• User-friendly software tool to analyze dose
response effects of radiation
• Incorporates treatment and clinical factors,
as well as biophysical models
• Various graphical representations
• Available in the near future on the web at
radium.wustl.edu/DREX