Transcript World Food Pyramid Facts

World Food Pyramid Facts
How can we effect the world and the world around us?
Define Hunger….
Hunger is a term which has three meanings (Oxford
English Dictionary 1971) the uneasy or painful
sensation caused by want of food; craving appetite.
Also the exhausted condition caused by want of food
the want or scarcity of food in a country, a strong
desire or craving
 World hunger refers to the second definition,
aggregated to the world level. The related technical
term (in this case operationalized in medicine) is
malnutrition.1
 Malnutrition is a general term that indicates a lack
of some or all nutritional elements necessary for
human health (Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia).
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Number of hungry people in the world
Malnutrition….
3 Types of malnutrition:
#1: Lack of enough protein (from meat and other sources)
and food that provides energy (measured in calories) which all of
the basic food groups provide. This is the type of malnutrition that
is referred to when world hunger is discussed.
#2: Micronutrient (Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency) This is not
the type of malnutrition that is referred to when world hunger is
discussed, though it is certainly very important.
#3: Obseity: It is poor nutrition, but it is certainly not typically due to
a lack of calories, but rather too many (although poor food choices,
often due to poverty, are part of the problem). Obesity will not be
considered here, although obesity is certainly a health problem and
is increasingly considered as a type of malnutrition.]
The World Health Organization
(WHO)
produces global estimates of vitamin and
mineral deficiencies to identify highpriority areas to target and implement
micronutrient interventions
 advocates for resource allocation
 assess the influence of vitamin and
mineral deficiencies as risk factors to the
overall global burden of disease

WHO Vitamin & Mineral Nutrition
Information System (VMNIS)
currently collates information at the national, regional,
state or local level on anaemia, vitamin A and iodine
deficiencies of populations.
 Based on this information, the Micronutrients Unit
has published global estimates of the prevalence of
anaemia (1993-2005), vitamin A deficiency (19952005), and iodine deficiency (1993-2003 and 20042007).
 The collated data, along with data from other WHO
databases, has also been used by the WHO Mortality
Burden of Disease study to assess the comparative
importance of iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies in
causing premature death, loss of health and disability
in different populations.

Micronutrients
Quite a few trace elements or
micronutrients--vitamins and minerals-are important for health.
 1 out of 3 people in developing countries
are affected by vitamin and mineral
deficiencies, according to the World
Health Organization.
 Three, perhaps the most important in
terms of health consequences for poor
people in developing countries, are:

Most Important Micronutrients

Vitamin A Vitamin A deficiency

Iron Iron deficiency is a principal cause of anemia. Two billion people—over 30 percent
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Iodine

can cause night blindness and reduces the body's
resistance to disease. In children Vitamin A deficiency can also cause growth retardation.
Between 100 and 140 million children are vitamin A deficient. An estimated 250,000 to
500 000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12
months of losing their sight. (World Health Organization)
of the world’s population—are anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency, and, in developing
countries, frequently exacerbated by malaria and worm infections. For children, health
consequences include premature birth, low birth weight, infections, and elevated risk of
death. Later, physical and cognitive development are impaired, resulting in lowered school
performance. For pregnant women, anemia contributes to 20 percent of all maternal
deaths (World Health Organization).
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) jeopardize children’s mental health– often
their very lives. Serious iodine deficiency during pregnancy may result in stillbirths,
abortions and congenital abnormalities such as cretinism, a grave, irreversible form of
mental retardation that affects people living in iodine-deficient areas of Africa and Asia.
IDD also causes mental impairment that lowers intellectual prowess at home, at school,
and at work. IDD affects over 740 million people, 13 percent of the world’s population.
Fifty million people have some degree of mental impairment caused by IDD (World
Health Organization).
(Updated March 6, 2011)
Poverty is the principal cause of
hunger.
The causes of poverty include poor people's lack of
resources, an extremely unequal income distribution in the
world and within specific countries, conflict, and hunger itself.
As of 2008 (2005 statistics), the World Bank has estimated
that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in
developing countries who live on $1.25 a day or less.
 This compares to the later FAO estimate of 1.02 billion
undernourished people. Extreme poverty remains an
alarming problem in the world’s developing regions, despite
some progress that reduced "dollar--now $1.25-- a day"
poverty from (an estimated) 1900 million people in 1981, a
reduction of 29 percent over the period.
 Progress in poverty reduction has been concentrated in Asia,
and especially, East Asia, with the major improvement
occurring in China. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of
people in extreme poverty has increased.

Region
East Asia and
Pacific
% in $1.25 a
day poverty
Population
(millions)
Pop. in $1 a day
poverty
(millions)
16.8
1,884
316
8.2
550
45
South Asia
40.4
1,476
596
Sub-Saharan
Africa
50.9
763
388
Total Developing
countries
28,8
4673
1345
Europe and
Central Asia
0.04
473
17
Middle East and
North Africa
0.04
305
11
5451
1372
Latin America and
the Caribbean
Total
US: Lets Move!
Michelle Obama Campaign
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The Issue Over the past three decades, childhood obesity
rates in America have tripled.Today, almost one in every
three children in our nation is overweight or obese.
The numbers are even higher in African American and Hispanic
communities where nearly 40% of the children are overweight or
obese. Rates are estimated to be even higher in American
Indian/Alaska Native communities.
If we don’t solve this problem, 1/3 of all children born in 2000 or
later will suffer from diabetes at some point in their lives. Many
others will face chronic obesity-related health problems like heart
disease, high blood pressure, cancer and asthma.
http://www.letsmove.gov/sites/letsmove.gov/files/Let%27s_Move_Fa
ct_Sheet.pdf
www.Letsmove.gov
Chefs Move to Schools
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The Chefs Move to Schools
program is an important
component of First Lady
Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move!
initiative, which helps chefs
partner with interested
schools in their communities
so together they can create
healthy meals that meet the
schools’ dietary guidelines
and budgets, while teaching
young people about nutrition
and making balanced and
healthy choices.
http://www.letsmove.gov/chef
s-move-schools
Nutrient Information

Fruits and vegetables are
sources of many
vitamins, minerals and
other natural substances
that may help protect
you from chronic
diseases. Some of these
nutrients may also be
found in other foods.
Eating a balanced diet
and making other
lifestyle changes are key
to maintaining your
body's good health.
FIBER
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Fiber Diets rich in
dietary fiber have been
shown to have a number
of beneficial effects
including decreased risk
of coronary artery
disease.
Excellent vegetable
sources:
navy beans, kidney beans,
black beans, pinto beans,
lima beans, white beans,
soybeans, split peas,
chick peas, black eyed
peas, lentils, artichokes
FOLATE
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Healthful diets with
adequate folate may
reduce a woman's risk
of having a child with a
brain or spinal cord
defect.
Excellent vegetable
sources:
black eyed peas,
cooked spinach, great
northern beans,
asparagus
POTASSIUM
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Potassium Diets rich in
potassium may help to
maintain a healthy blood
pressure.
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Good fruit and
vegetable sources:
sweet potatoes, tomato
paste, tomato puree,
beet greens, white
potatoes, white beans,
lima beans, cooked
greens, carrot juice,
prune juice
VITAMIN A
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Vitamin A keeps eyes
and skin healthy and
helps to protect against
infections.
Excellent fruit and
vegetable sources:
sweet potatoes, pumpkin,
carrots, spinach, turnip
greens, mustard greens,
kale, collard greens,
winter squash,
cantaloupe, red peppers,
Chinese cabbage
VITAMIN C
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Vitamin C helps heal
cuts and wounds and
keep teeth and gums
healthy.
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Excellent fruit and
vegetable sources:
red and green peppers,
kiwi, strawberries, sweet
potatoes, kale,
cantaloupe, broccoli,
pineapple, Brussels
sprouts, oranges,
mangoes, tomato juice,
cauliflower
VITAMIN SOURCE AMOUNTS
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Good sources: These foods contain 10 to 19 %
of the Daily Value per reference amount.
Excellent sources: These foods contain 20% or
more of the Daily Value per reference amount.
*The Institute of Medicine recommends that
women of childbearing age who may become
pregnant consume 400 micrograms of synthetic
folic acid per day to supplement the folate they
receive from a varied diet. Synthetic folic acid can
be obtained from eating fortified foods or taking a
supplement.
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http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/benefits/nutrient_guide.html
Name that Nutrient
High in Vitamin C 106% & Potassium 6%
Name that Nutrient
High in Fiber 28%, Vitamin C 25%, Potassium 13%
Name that Nutrient
High in Fiber 15%, Vitamin A 18%, Potassium 13%
Which Fruit had the highest
Vitamin C levels on PPT chart?
Cashew Apple
Name that Nutrient
Folate
Which bean has the highest amount?
Lentils @ 90%